宋詞鑒賞辭典
(630首)
目 錄
秦觀
減字木蘭花?涯舊恨 .......................................................................................................................
千秋歲?邊沙外 ...............................................................................................................................
踏莎行?失樓臺 ...............................................................................................................................
南鄉(xiāng)子?手寫徽真 ...........................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?漠輕寒上小樓 ...................................................................................................................
如夢令?夜沉沉如水 .......................................................................................................................
如夢令?嘴啄花紅溜 .......................................................................................................................
阮郎歸?天風(fēng)雨破寒初 ...................................................................................................................
滿庭芳?色云開 .............................................................................................................................
桃源憶故人?樓深鎖薄情種 ...........................................................................................................
調(diào)笑令?春夢 鶯鶯 .......................................................................................................................
虞美人?桃天上栽和露 ...................................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?漾輕舟 桃源 ...................................................................................................................
南歌子?漏迢迢盡 ...........................................................................................................................
南歌子?墨彎彎畫 ...........................................................................................................................
臨江仙?里瀟湘挼藍(lán)浦 ...................................................................................................................
好事近?路雨添花 夢中作 ...........................................................................................................
畫堂春?紅鋪徑水平池 ...................................................................................................................
畫堂春?風(fēng)吹柳日初長 ...................................................................................................................
行香子?繞村莊 ...............................................................................................................................
米芾
水調(diào)歌頭?聲送風(fēng)急 中秋 ...........................................................................................................
李甲
帝臺春?草碧色 ...............................................................................................................................
趙令畤
菩薩蠻?鷗欲下寒塘浴 ...................................................................................................................
賀鑄
鷓鴣天?過閶門萬事非 ...................................................................................................................
南歌子?雨池塘見 ...........................................................................................................................
夢江南?曲池頭三月三 ...................................................................................................................
搗練子?錦字 ...................................................................................................................................
搗練子?月下 ...................................................................................................................................
搗練子?面瑩 ...................................................................................................................................
搗練子?堠遠(yuǎn) ...................................................................................................................................
愁風(fēng)月?清月正圓 ...........................................................................................................................
惜余春?雨收春 ...............................................................................................................................
生查子?津海鶻舟 ...........................................................................................................................
綠羅裙?風(fēng)柳陌長 ...........................................................................................................................
芳心苦(《踏莎行》)?柳回塘 .........................................................................................................
將進(jìn)酒(《小梅花》)?下路 ............................................................................................................
行路難?虎手 ...................................................................................................................................
子夜歌?更月 ...................................................................................................................................
橫塘路?波不過橫塘路 ...................................................................................................................
鶴沖天?鼕鼓動 ...............................................................................................................................
陽羨歌?秀芙蓉 ...............................................................................................................................
天香?絡(luò)橫林 ...................................................................................................................................
薄倖?妝多態(tài) ...................................................................................................................................
羅敷歌?憐楚客悲秋思 ...................................................................................................................
下水船?草青門路 ...........................................................................................................................
憶仙姿?葉初生南浦 .......................................................................................................................
怨三三?津春水如藍(lán) .......................................................................................................................
御街行?門石路秋風(fēng)掃 ...................................................................................................................
鴛鴦夢?醉厭厭醒自晚 ...................................................................................................................
減字浣溪沙?角初銷一縷霞 ...........................................................................................................
減字浣溪沙?水斜陽演漾金 ...........................................................................................................
清平樂?晴未定 ...............................................................................................................................
思越人?府東風(fēng)放夜時 ...................................................................................................................
六州歌頭?年俠氣 ...........................................................................................................................
凌歊?滄江 .......................................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?國本瀟灑 .......................................................................................................................
人南渡?芷滿汀洲 ...........................................................................................................................
國門東?馬匆匆 ...............................................................................................................................
木蘭花?琴再鼓求凰弄 ...................................................................................................................
菩薩蠻?舟載得離愁動 ...................................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?幅霜綃 ...............................................................................................................................
西江月?手看花深徑 .......................................................................................................................
小重山?院深疑無路通 ...................................................................................................................
琴調(diào)相思引?日懷歸翻送客 ...........................................................................................................
芳草渡?征轡 ...................................................................................................................................
石州引?雨收寒 ...............................................................................................................................
望湘人?鶯聲到枕 ...........................................................................................................................
畫眉郎?絮雕章 ...............................................................................................................................
天門謠?渚天門險 ...........................................................................................................................
仲殊
南柯子?里青山遠(yuǎn) ...........................................................................................................................
夏云峰?闊云高 ...............................................................................................................................
柳梢青?草平沙 ...............................................................................................................................
晁補(bǔ)之
金鳳鉤?辭我 ...................................................................................................................................
迷神引?黯青山紅日暮 ...................................................................................................................
摸魚兒?陂塘 ...................................................................................................................................
臨江仙?宦江城無屋買 ...................................................................................................................
陳師道
清平樂?光燭地 ...............................................................................................................................
張耒
風(fēng)流子?葉亭皋下 ...........................................................................................................................
秋蕊香?幕疏疏風(fēng)透 .......................................................................................................................
侯蒙
臨江仙?遇行藏誰肯信 ...................................................................................................................
周邦彥
紅林檎近?柳春才軟 .......................................................................................................................
瑞龍吟?臺路 ...................................................................................................................................
燭影搖紅?臉勻紅 ...........................................................................................................................
鎖窗寒?柳啼鴉 ...............................................................................................................................
渡江云?嵐低楚甸 ...........................................................................................................................
還京樂?煙近 ...................................................................................................................................
滿江紅?日移陰 ...............................................................................................................................
瑞鶴仙?郊原帶郭 ...........................................................................................................................
西平樂?柳蘇晴 ...............................................................................................................................
憶舊游?愁橫淺黛 ...........................................................................................................................
漁家傲?暖香融銷永晝 ...................................................................................................................
望江南?妓散 ...................................................................................................................................
虞美人?前欲去仍留戀 ...................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?過殘紅濕未飛 ...................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?上晴天碧四垂 ...................................................................................................................
一落索?共春山爭秀 .......................................................................................................................
隔浦蓮近拍?篁搖動翠葆 ...............................................................................................................
訴衷情?林杏子落金盤 ...................................................................................................................
風(fēng)流子?綠小池塘 ...........................................................................................................................
風(fēng)流子?林凋晚葉 ...........................................................................................................................
齊天樂?蕪凋盡臺城路 ...................................................................................................................
四園竹?云護(hù)月 ...............................................................................................................................
氐州第一·波落寒汀.....................................................................................................................
滿庭芳?老鶯雛 ...............................................................................................................................
蘇幕遮?沉香 ...................................................................................................................................
少年游?云漠漠散輕絲 ...................................................................................................................
少年游?刀如水 ...............................................................................................................................
慶春宮?接平岡 ...............................................................................................................................
夜游宮?下斜陽照水 .......................................................................................................................
解語花?銷絳蠟 ...............................................................................................................................
大酺?宿煙收 ...................................................................................................................................
花犯?墻低 .......................................................................................................................................
六丑?單衣試酒 ...............................................................................................................................
蘭陵王?陰直 ...................................................................................................................................
西河?麗地 .......................................................................................................................................
拜星月慢?色催更 ...........................................................................................................................
蝶戀花?皎驚烏棲不定 ...................................................................................................................
夜飛鵲?橋送人處 ...........................................................................................................................
玉樓春?溪不作從容住 ...................................................................................................................
芳草渡?夜里 ...................................................................................................................................
虞美人?纖小雨池塘遍 ...................................................................................................................
長相思慢?色澄明 ...........................................................................................................................
關(guān)河令?陰時作漸向暝 ...................................................................................................................
虞美人?籬曲徑田家小 ...................................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?上披襟 ...............................................................................................................................
繞佛閣?塵四斂 ...............................................................................................................................
李廌
虞美人?闌干外清江浦 ...................................................................................................................
阮閱
眼兒媚?上黃昏杏花寒 ...................................................................................................................
趙企
感皇恩?馬踏紅塵 ...........................................................................................................................
謝逸
千秋歲?花飄砌 ...............................................................................................................................
江城子?花村館酒旗風(fēng) ...................................................................................................................
晁沖之
感皇恩?食不多時 ………...............................................................................................................
臨江仙?昔西池池上飲 ...................................................................................................................
蘇庠
木蘭花?云疊疊遮鴛浦 ...................................................................................................................
毛滂
生查子?晚出小城 ...........................................................................................................................
南歌子?暗藏城市 ...........................................................................................................................
惜分飛?濕闌干花著露 ...................................................................................................................
減字木蘭花?教風(fēng)月 .......................................................................................................................
上林春令?蝶初翻簾繡 ...................................................................................................................
生查子?照小窗紗 ...........................................................................................................................
臨江仙?道長安燈夜好 ...................................................................................................................
燭影搖紅?景蕭條 ...........................................................................................................................
驀山溪?堂先曉 ...............................................................................................................................
鄭少微
鷓鴣天?折南枝傍小叢 ...................................................................................................................
司馬槱
黃金縷?在錢塘江上住 ...................................................................................................................
謝薖
鵲橋仙?朧星淡 ...............................................................................................................................
謝克家
憶君王?依宮柳拂宮墻 ...................................................................................................................
惠洪
千秋歲?身屏外 ...............................................................................................................................
青玉案?槐煙柳長亭路 ...................................................................................................................
蘇過
點(diǎn)絳唇?月娟娟 ...............................................................................................................................
葛勝仲
點(diǎn)絳唇?晚寒齋 ...............................................................................................................................
江神子?昏雪意慘云容 ...................................................................................................................
秦湛
卜算子?透水波明 ...........................................................................................................................
徐俯
卜算子?生百種愁 ...........................................................................................................................
王安中
蝶戀花?古銅臺今莫問 ...................................................................................................................
葉夢得
賀新郎?起流鶯語 ...........................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?色漸將晚 .......................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?降碧天靜 .......................................................................................................................
八聲甘州?都迷岸草 .......................................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?緲危亭 ...............................................................................................................................
李光
水調(diào)歌頭?氣暗吳楚 ………...........................................................................................................
竊杯女子 .........................................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?火樓臺處處新 ...................................................................................................................
劉一止
喜遷鶯?光催角 ...............................................................................................................................
曹組
驀山溪?妝真態(tài) ...............................................................................................................................
萬俟詠 .............................................................................................................................................
訴衷情?鞭清曉喜還家 ...................................................................................................................
徐伸
轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)二郎神?來彈鵲 .......................................................................................................................
田為
南柯子?怕愁時斷 ……...................................................................................................................
陳克
菩薩蠻?欄橋盡香街直 ...................................................................................................................
菩薩蠻?蕪墻繞青苔院 ...................................................................................................................
朱敦儒
水龍吟?船千里凌波去 ...................................................................................................................
相見歡?陵城上西樓 .......................................................................................................................
卜算子?雁向南飛 ...........................................................................................................................
臨江仙?自鳳凰城破后 ...................................................................................................................
減字木蘭花?郎已老 .......................................................................................................................
柳枝?南岸 .......................................................................................................................................
朝中措?臨何處自銷憂 ...................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?是清都山水郎 ...................................................................................................................
采桑子?舟去作江南客 ...................................................................................................................
好事近?首出紅塵 ...........................................................................................................................
慕容巖卿妻 .....................................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?目江山憶舊游 ...................................................................................................................
周紫芝
鷓鴣天?點(diǎn)殘紅欲盡時 ...................................................................................................................
趙佶
燕山亭?翦冰綃 ...............................................................................................................................
眼兒媚?京曾憶昔繁華 ...................................................................................................................
李綱
喜遷鶯?江千里 ...............................................................................................................................
六么令?江千里 ...............................................................................................................................
念奴嬌?唐姑息 ...............................................................................................................................
喜遷鶯?城寒早 ...............................................................................................................................
蘇武令?上風(fēng)高 ...............................................................................................................................
左譽(yù)
眼眉兒?上黃昏杏花寒 ...................................................................................................................
蔣元龍
好事近?暗乳鴉啼 ...........................................................................................................................
紹興太學(xué)生 .....................................................................................................................................
南鄉(xiāng)子?邁被拘留 ………..............................................................................................................
何籀
宴清都?草沿階軟 ...........................................................................................................................
吳淑貞
霜天曉角?門桂月 ...........................................................................................................................
廖世美 .............................................................................................................................................
燭影搖紅?靄春空 ...........................................................................................................................
李清照
孤雁兒?床紙帳朝眠起 ...................................................................................................................
滿庭芳?閣藏春 ...............................................................................................................................
漁家傲?里已知春信至 ...................................................................................................................
清平樂?年雪里 ...............................................................................................................................
南歌子?上星河轉(zhuǎn) ...........................................................................................................................
玉樓春?酥肯放瓊苞碎 ...................................................................................................................
漁家傲?酥肯放瓊苞碎 ...................................................................................................................
如夢令?記溪亭日暮 .......................................................................................................................
如夢令?夜雨疏風(fēng)驟 .......................................................................................................................
多麗?樓寒 .......................................................................................................................................
菩薩蠻?柔日薄春猶早 ...................................................................................................................
菩薩蠻?鴻聲斷殘云碧 ...................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?院閑窗春色深 ...................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?許杯深琥珀濃 ...................................................................................................................
鳳凰臺上憶吹簫?冷金猊 ...............................................................................................................
浣溪沙?蕩春光寒食天 ...................................................................................................................
一剪梅?藕香殘玉簟秋 ...................................................................................................................
蝶戀花?濕羅衣脂粉滿 ...................................................................................................................
蝶戀花?暖雨晴風(fēng)初破凍.................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?寒日蕭蕭上鎖窗.................................................................................................................
小重山?春到長門春草青.................................................................................................................
怨王孫?湖上風(fēng)來波浩渺.................................................................................................................
臨江仙?庭院深深深幾許.................................................................................................................
醉花陰?薄霧濃云愁永晝.................................................................................................................
好事近?風(fēng)定落花深.........................................................................................................................
行香子?草際鳴蛩.............................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?暗淡輕黃體性柔.................................................................................................................
添字采桑子?芭蕉.............................................................................................................................
憶秦娥?詠桐.....................................................................................................................................
念奴嬌?蕭條庭院.............................................................................................................................
永遇樂?落日熔金.............................................................................................................................
武陵春?風(fēng)住塵香花已盡.................................................................................................................
蝶戀花?日巳召親族.........................................................................................................................
聲聲慢?尋尋覓覓.............................................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?寂寞深閨.............................................................................................................................
減字木蘭花?賣花擔(dān)上.....................................................................................................................
攤破浣溪沙?揉破黃金萬點(diǎn)輕.........................................................................................................
瑞鷓鴣?雙銀杏.................................................................................................................................
慶清朝慢?禁幄低張.........................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?繡面芙蓉一笑開.................................................................................................................
殢人嬌?玉瘦香濃.............................................................................................................................
攤破浣溪沙?病起蕭蕭兩鬢華.........................................................................................................
新荷葉?薄霧初零.............................................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?蹴罷秋千.............................................................................................................................
浪淘沙?簾外五更風(fēng).........................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?髻子傷春慵更梳.................................................................................................................
呂本中
采桑子?恨君不似江樓月.................................................................................................................
南歌子?驛路侵斜月.........................................................................................................................
胡世將
酹江月?神州沉陸.............................................................................................................................
趙鼎
滿江紅?慘結(jié)秋陽.............................................................................................................................
李邴
木蘭花?美人書字.............................................................................................................................
向子湮
水龍吟?華燈明月光中.....................................................................................................................
洞仙歌?中秋.....................................................................................................................................
阮郎歸?江南江北雪漫漫.................................................................................................................
秦樓月?芳菲歇.................................................................................................................................
減字木蘭花?斜紅疊翠.....................................................................................................................
李持正
明月逐人來?星河明淡.....................................................................................................................
宋江
西江月?自幼曾攻經(jīng)史.....................................................................................................................
吳淑姬
長相思令?煙霏霏.............................................................................................................................
樂婉
卜算子?答施.....................................................................................................................................
聶勝瓊
鷓鴣天?別情.....................................................................................................................................
呂渭老
好事近?飛雪過江來.........................................................................................................................
選冠子?雨濕花房.............................................................................................................................
魯逸仲
南浦?風(fēng)悲畫角.................................................................................................................................
王之道
如夢令?一餉凝情無語.....................................................................................................................
董穎
薄媚(排遍第九)?西子詞 ...........................................................................................................
朱翌
點(diǎn)絳唇?流水泠泠.............................................................................................................................
楊無咎
柳梢青?茅舍疏籬.............................................................................................................................
生查子?秋來愁更深.........................................................................................................................
劉子翚
驀山溪?寄寶學(xué).................................................................................................................................
胡銓
醉落魄?辛未九月望和答慶符.........................................................................................................
好事近?富貴本無心.........................................................................................................................
岳飛
小重山?昨夜寒蛩不住鳴.................................................................................................................
滿江紅?怒發(fā)沖冠.............................................................................................................................
滿江紅?登黃鶴樓有感.....................................................................................................................
孫道絢
滴滴金?梅.........................................................................................................................................
高登
好事近?又和紀(jì)別.............................................................................................................................
李石
臨江仙?佳人.....................................................................................................................................
康與之
滿庭芳?寒夜.....................................................................................................................................
長相思?南高峰.................................................................................................................................
曾覿
金人捧露盤?庚寅歲春奉使過京師感懷作.....................................................................................
黃公度
青玉案?鄰雞不管離懷苦.................................................................................................................
菩薩蠻?眉尖早識愁滋味.................................................................................................................
卜算子?別士季弟之官.....................................................................................................................
葛立方
卜算子?賞荷以蓮葉勸酒作.............................................................................................................
洪適
漁家傲引?子月水寒風(fēng)又烈.............................................................................................................
韓元吉
霜天曉角?蛾眉亭.............................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?又水洞.............................................................................................................................
好事近?凝碧舊池頭.........................................................................................................................
朱淑真
蝶戀花?送春.....................................................................................................................................
謁金門?春半.....................................................................................................................................
菩薩蠻?詠梅.....................................................................................................................................
減字木蘭花?春怨.............................................................................................................................
阿那曲?夢回酒醒春愁怯.................................................................................................................
侯置
四犯令?月破輕云天淡注.................................................................................................................
趙彥端
點(diǎn)絳唇?途中逢管倅.........................................................................................................................
王千秋
鷓鴣天?煮繭.....................................................................................................................................
李呂
鷓鴣天?寄情.....................................................................................................................................
姚寬
生查子?情景.....................................................................................................................................
袁去華
安公子?弱柳絲千縷.........................................................................................................................
陸淞
瑞鶴仙?臉霞紅印枕.........................................................................................................................
向滈
如夢令?誰伴明窗獨(dú)坐.....................................................................................................................
曹冠
鳳棲梧?蘭溪.....................................................................................................................................
管鑒
醉落魄?春陰漠漠.............................................................................................................................
陸游
釵頭鳳?紅酥手.................................................................................................................................
好事近?秋曉上蓮峰.........................................................................................................................
秋波媚?秋到邊城角聲哀.................................................................................................................
卜算子?詠梅.....................................................................................................................................
夜游宮?記夢寄師伯渾.....................................................................................................................
鵲橋仙?一竿風(fēng)月.............................................................................................................................
鵲橋仙?夜聞杜鵑.............................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?家住蒼煙落照間.................................................................................................................
訴衷情?當(dāng)年萬里覓封侯.................................................................................................................
唐琬
釵頭鳳?世情薄.................................................................................................................................
陸游妾
生查子?只知眉上愁.........................................................................................................................
范成大
浣溪沙?十里西疇熟稻香.................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?嫩綠重重看得成.................................................................................................................
眼兒媚?酣酣日腳紫煙浮.................................................................................................................
醉落魄?棲烏飛絕.............................................................................................................................
霜天曉角?晚晴風(fēng)歇.........................................................................................................................
憶秦娥?樓陰缺.................................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?細(xì)數(shù)十年事.....................................................................................................................
游次公
卜算子?風(fēng)雨送人來.........................................................................................................................
謝懋
霜天曉角?桂花.................................................................................................................................
王質(zhì)
定風(fēng)波?贈將.....................................................................................................................................
楊萬里
好事近?月未到誠齋.........................................................................................................................
昭君怨?賦松上鷗.............................................................................................................................
昭君怨?詠荷上雨.............................................................................................................................
朱熹
水調(diào)歌頭?江水浸云影.....................................................................................................................
嚴(yán)蕊
卜算子?不是愛風(fēng)塵.........................................................................................................................
張孝祥
六州歌頭?長淮望斷.........................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?聞采石磯戰(zhàn)勝.................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?泛湘江............................................................................................................... ……….
水調(diào)歌頭?金山觀月.........................................................................................................................
西江月?問訊湖邊春色.....................................................................................................................
西江月?阻風(fēng)三峰下.........................................................................................................................
念奴嬌?過洞庭.................................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?荊州約馬舉先登城樓觀塞.................................................................................................
南歌子?過嚴(yán)關(guān).................................................................................................................................
李處全
水調(diào)歌頭?冒大風(fēng)渡沙子.................................................................................................................
趙長卿
瀟湘夜雨?燈花.................................................................................................................................
探春令?笙歌間錯華筵啟.................................................................................................................
京鏜
水調(diào)歌頭?伏蒙都運(yùn).........................................................................................................................
王炎
江城子?癸酉春社.............................................................................................................................
南柯子?山冥云陰重.........................................................................................................................
楊冠卿
卜算子?秋晚集杜句吊賈傅.............................................................................................................
辛棄疾
摸魚兒?更能消幾番風(fēng)雨.................................................................................................................
摸魚兒?觀潮上葉丞相.....................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?盟鷗.................................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?白日射金闕.....................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?落日塞塵起.....................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?萬事到白發(fā).....................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?長恨復(fù)長恨.....................................................................................................................
水調(diào)歌頭?壽趙漕介庵.....................................................................................................................
沁園春?帶湖新居將成.....................................................................................................................
沁園春?靈山齊庵賦.........................................................................................................................
沁園春?杯汝來前.............................................................................................................................
念奴嬌?登建康賞心亭.....................................................................................................................
念奴嬌?倘來軒冕.............................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?代人賦.................................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?春入平原薺菜花.................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?東陽道中.............................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?黃沙道中即事.....................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?送人.....................................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?枕簟溪堂冷欲秋.................................................................................................................
西江月?夜行黃沙道中.....................................................................................................................
西江月?遣興.....................................................................................................................................
丑奴兒?千峰云起.............................................................................................................................
定風(fēng)波?暮春漫興.............................................................................................................................
木蘭花慢?滁州送范倅.....................................................................................................................
青玉案?東風(fēng)夜放花千樹.................................................................................................................
祝英臺近?晚春.................................................................................................................................
清平樂?博山道中即事.....................................................................................................................
清平樂?茅檐低小.............................................................................................................................
清平樂?連云松竹.............................................................................................................................
清平樂?春宵睡重.............................................................................................................................
清平樂?憶吳江賞木樨.....................................................................................................................
滿江紅?餞鄭衡州厚卿席上再賦.....................................................................................................
滿江紅?過眼溪山.............................................................................................................................
滿江紅?倦客新豐.............................................................................................................................
滿江紅?暮春.....................................................................................................................................
滿江紅?敲碎離愁.............................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?細(xì)聽春山杜宇啼.................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?常山道中即事.....................................................................................................................
賀新郎?賦琵琶.................................................................................................................................
水龍吟?過南劍雙溪樓.....................................................................................................................
水龍吟?補(bǔ)陀大士虛空.....................................................................................................................
水龍吟?渡江天馬南來.....................................................................................................................
水龍吟?楚天千里清秋.....................................................................................................................
水龍吟?聽兮清佩瓊瑤些.................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?陌上柔桑破嫩芽.................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?掩鼻人間臭腐場.................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?壯歲旌旗擁萬夫.................................................................................................................
八聲甘州?故將軍飲罷夜歸來.........................................................................................................
錦帳春?春色難留.............................................................................................................................
丑奴兒?書博山道中壁.....................................................................................................................
踏莎行?進(jìn)退存亡.............................................................................................................................
踏莎行?夜月樓臺.............................................................................................................................
破陣子?為陳同父賦壯語以寄.........................................................................................................
破陣子?擲地劉郎玉斗.....................................................................................................................
永遇樂?京口北固亭懷古.................................................................................................................
南鄉(xiāng)子?登京口北固亭有懷.............................................................................................................
醉太平?春晚.....................................................................................................................................
賀新郎?把酒長亭說.........................................................................................................................
賀新郎?細(xì)把君詩說.........................................................................................................................
賀新郎?甚矣吾衰矣.........................................................................................................................
滿江紅?兩峽嶄巖.............................................................................................................................
千年調(diào)?卮酒向人時.........................................................................................................................
最高樓?吾衰矣.................................................................................................................................
生查子?獨(dú)游雨巖.............................................................................................................................
憶王孫?登山臨水送將歸.................................................................................................................
感皇恩?案上數(shù)編書.........................................................................................................................
蝶戀花?誰向椒盤簪綵勝.................................................................................................................
蝶戀花?月下醉書雨巖石浪.............................................................................................................
漢宮春?立春日.................................................................................................................................
太常引?建康中秋夜為呂叔潛賦.....................................................................................................
永遇樂?烈日秋霜.............................................................................................................................
生查子?獨(dú)游西巖.............................................................................................................................
生查子?題京口郡治塵表亭.............................................................................................................
木蘭花慢?可憐今夕月.....................................................................................................................
粉蝶兒?和晉某賦落花.....................................................................................................................
山鬼謠?問何年.................................................................................................................................
菩薩蠻?金陵賞心亭為葉丞相賦.....................................................................................................
鵲橋仙?己酉山行書所見.................................................................................................................
程垓
摸魚兒?掩凄涼.................................................................................................................................
石孝友
眼兒媚?愁云淡淡雨瀟瀟.................................................................................................................
惜奴嬌?我已多情.............................................................................................................................
卜算子?見也如何暮.........................................................................................................................
浪淘沙?好恨這風(fēng)兒.........................................................................................................................
陳亮
水調(diào)歌頭?不見南師久.....................................................................................................................
念奴嬌?危樓還望.............................................................................................................................
賀新郎?老去憑誰說.........................................................................................................................
賀新郎?離亂從頭說.........................................................................................................................
趙師俠
謁金門?耽崗迓陸尉.........................................................................................................................
楊炎正
水調(diào)歌頭?寒眼亂空闊.....................................................................................................................
滿江紅?典盡春衣.............................................................................................................................
蝶戀花?別范南伯.............................................................................................................................
章良能
小重山?柳暗花明春事深.................................................................................................................
張镃
滿庭芳?促織兒.................................................................................................................................
劉過
沁園春?斗酒彘肩.............................................................................................................................
沁園春?張路分秋閱作.....................................................................................................................
唐多令?蘆葉滿汀洲.........................................................................................................................
六州歌頭?吊武穆鄂王忠烈廟.........................................................................................................
姜夔
鷓鴣天?肥水東流無盡期.................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?京洛風(fēng)流絕代人.................................................................................................................
踏莎行?燕燕輕盈.............................................................................................................................
滿江紅?仙姥來時.............................................................................................................................
長亭怨慢?漸吹盡.............................................................................................................................
淡黃柳?空城曉角.............................................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?燕雁無心.............................................................................................................................
慶宮春?雙槳莼波.............................................................................................................................
齊天樂?黃鐘宮.................................................................................................................................
念奴嬌?鬧紅一舸.............................................................................................................................
琵琶仙?雙槳來時.............................................................................................................................
探春慢?衰草愁煙.............................................................................................................................
解連環(huán)?玉鞭重倚.............................................................................................................................
揚(yáng)州慢?中呂宮.................................................................................................................................
暗香?仙呂宮.....................................................................................................................................
疏影?苔枝綴玉.................................................................................................................................
汪莘
沁園春?憶黃山.................................................................................................................................
劉仙倫
念奴嬌?感懷呈洪守.........................................................................................................................
韓淲
賀新郎?萬事佯休去.........................................................................................................................
鷓鴣天?蘭溪舟中.............................................................................................................................
俞國寶
風(fēng)入松?一春長費(fèi)買花錢.................................................................................................................
程珌
水調(diào)歌頭?登甘露寺多景樓望淮有感.............................................................................................
鄭域
昭君怨?道是花來春未.....................................................................................................................
戴復(fù)古
水調(diào)歌頭?題李季允侍郎鄂州吞云樓.............................................................................................
洞仙歌?賣花擔(dān)上.............................................................................................................................
史達(dá)祖
綺羅香?詠春雨.................................................................................................................................
雙雙燕?詠燕.....................................................................................................................................
三姝媚?煙光搖縹瓦.........................................................................................................................
高觀國
祝英臺近?荷花.................................................................................................................................
燭影搖紅?別浦潮平.........................................................................................................................
玲瓏四犯?水外輕陰.........................................................................................................................
魏了翁
朝中措?玳筵綺席繡芙蓉.................................................................................................................
李從周
清平樂?美人嬌小.............................................................................................................................
盧祖皋
江城子?畫樓簾幕卷新晴.................................................................................................................
真德秀
蝶戀花?兩岸月橋花半吐.................................................................................................................
洪咨夔
眼兒媚?平沙芳草渡頭村.................................................................................................................
劉鎮(zhèn)
柳梢青?七夕.....................................................................................................................................
曾揆
南柯子?桐葉涼生夜.........................................................................................................................
王瀾
念奴嬌?憑高遠(yuǎn)望.............................................................................................................................
曹豳
西河?今日事.....................................................................................................................................
周璞
一剪梅?風(fēng)韻蕭疏玉一團(tuán).................................................................................................................
王武子
朝中措?畫眉人去掩蘭房.................................................................................................................
魏子敬
生查子?愁盈鏡里山.........................................................................................................................
韓疁
高陽臺?除夜.....................................................................................................................................
孫惟信
南鄉(xiāng)子?璧月小紅樓.........................................................................................................................
燭影搖紅?一朵鞓紅.........................................................................................................................
方千里
菩薩蠻?黃雞曉唱玲瓏曲.................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?楊柳依依窣地垂.................................................................................................................
吳泳
上西平?送陳舍人.............................................................................................................................
岳甫
水調(diào)歌頭?魯口天下壯.....................................................................................................................
岳珂
滿江紅?小院深深.............................................................................................................................
祝英臺近?北固亭.............................................................................................................................
朱藻
采桑子?障泥油壁人歸后.................................................................................................................
黃機(jī)
滿江紅?萬灶貔貅.............................................................................................................................
霜天曉角?儀真江上夜泊.................................................................................................................
嚴(yán)羽
滿江紅?送廖叔仁卦闕.....................................................................................................................
嚴(yán)仁
醉桃源?春景.....................................................................................................................................
葛長庚
行香子?題羅浮…………………………………………………………………………………….
水調(diào)歌頭?江上春山遠(yuǎn).....................................................................................................................
劉克莊
賀新郎?送陳子華填真州.................................................................................................................
滿江紅?金甲雕戈.............................................................................................................................
沁園春?夢孚若.................................................................................................................................
清平樂?五月十五夜玩月.................................................................................................................
長相思?惜梅.....................................................................................................................................
賀新郎?九日.....................................................................................................................................
玉樓春?戲林推.................................................................................................................................
憶秦娥?梅謝了.................................................................................................................................
李億
菩薩蠻?畫樓酒醒春心悄.................................................................................................................
趙以夫
鵲橋仙?富沙七夕為友人賦.............................................................................................................
揚(yáng)州慢?十里春風(fēng).............................................................................................................................
鄭覺齋
揚(yáng)州慢?弄玉輕盈.............................................................................................................................
張榘
青玉案?西風(fēng)亂葉溪橋樹.................................................................................................................
宋自道
點(diǎn)絳唇?山雨初晴.............................................................................................................................
宋自遜
驀山溪?自述.....................................................................................................................................
黃載
隔浦蓮?荷花.....................................................................................................................................
王平子
謁金門?春恨.....................................................................................................................................
俞文豹
喜遷鶯?小梅幽絕.............................................................................................................................
吳淵
念奴橋?我來牛渚.............................................................................................................................
趙汝迕
清平樂?初鶯細(xì)雨.............................................................................................................................
雷應(yīng)春
好事近?梅片作團(tuán)飛.........................................................................................................................
劉清夫
念奴橋?武夷詠梅.............................................................................................................................
李好古
謁金門?懷故居.................................................................................................................................
劉子寰
沁園春?西巖三澗.............................................................................................................................
好事近?秋色到東籬.........................................................................................................................
王埜
西河?天下事.....................................................................................................................................
哀長吉
水調(diào)歌頭?紫陌風(fēng)光好.....................................................................................................................
馮去非
喜遷鶯?涼生遙渚.............................................................................................................................
吳潛
滿江紅?齊山繡春臺.........................................................................................................................
滿江紅?送李御帶珙.........................................................................................................................
淮上女
減字木蘭花?淮山隱隱.....................................................................................................................
黃孝邁
湘春夜月?近清明.............................................................................................................................
周晉
柳梢春?楊花.....................................................................................................................................
周弼
浣溪沙?樸樸精神的的香.................................................................................................................
陳東甫
長相思?花深深.................................................................................................................................
李曾伯
沁園春?餞稅巽甫.............................................................................................................................
沁園春?天下奇觀.............................................................................................................................
趙崇嶓
清平樂?懷人.....................................................................................................................................
方岳
水調(diào)歌頭?秋雨一何碧.....................................................................................................................
樓槃
霜天曉角?梅.....................................................................................................................................
趙孟堅
朝中措?客中感春.............................................................................................................................
蕭泰來
霜天曉角?梅.....................................................................................................................................
陸叡
梅?濕云粘雁影.................................................................................................................................
許棐
喜遷鶯?鳩雨細(xì).................................................................................................................................
后庭花?一春不識西湖面.................................................................................................................
德祐太學(xué)生
祝英臺近?倚危欄.............................................................................................................................
吳文英
唐多令?惜別.....................................................................................................................................
祝英臺近?除夜立春.........................................................................................................................
祝英臺近?春日客龜溪游廢園.........................................................................................................
點(diǎn)絳唇?越山見梅.............................................................................................................................
三姝媚?過都城舊居有感.................................................................................................................
夜合花?自鶴江入京泊葑門外有感.................................................................................................
八聲甘州?渺空煙.............................................................................................................................
惜黃花慢?次吳江小泊.....................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?門隔花深夢舊游.................................................................................................................
霜葉飛?重九.....................................................................................................................................
丑奴兒慢?雙清樓.............................................................................................................................
齊天樂?與馮深居登禹陵.................................................................................................................
踏莎行?潤玉籠綃.............................................................................................................................
潘牥
南鄉(xiāng)子?題南劍州妓館.....................................................................................................................
洪
浪淘沙?別意.....................................................................................................................................
李彭老
祝英臺近?杏花初.............................................................................................................................
浣溪沙?玉雪庭心夜色空.................................................................................................................
四字令?蘭湯晚涼.............................................................................................................................
李萊老
浪淘沙?寶押繡簾斜.........................................................................................................................
陳郁
念奴嬌?沒巴沒鼻.............................................................................................................................
張紹文
酹江月?淮城感興.............................................................................................................................
陳人杰
沁園春?丁酉歲感事.........................................................................................................................
李鈺
擊梧桐?別西湖社友.........................................................................................................................
潘希白
大有?九日.........................................................................................................................................
文及翁
賀新郎?游西湖有感.........................................................................................................................
薛夢桂
三姝媚?薔薇花謝去.........................................................................................................................
鍾過
步蟾宮?東風(fēng)又送酴釄信.................................................................................................................
何夢桂
意難忘?避暑林塘.............................................................................................................................
趙聞禮
法曲獻(xiàn)仙音?花匣么弦.....................................................................................................................
賀新郎?螢
趙汝茪
戀繡衾?柳絲空有千萬條.................................................................................................................
摘紅英?東風(fēng)冽.................................................................................................................................
漢宮春?著破荷衣.............................................................................................................................
江開
商婦怨?春時江上簾纖雨.................................................................................................................
劉辰翁
柳梢青?春感.....................................................................................................................................
蘭陵王?丙子送春.............................................................................................................................
寶鼎現(xiàn)?春月.....................................................................................................................................
永遇樂?璧月初晴.............................................................................................................................
摸魚兒?酒邊留同年徐云屋.............................................................................................................
憶秦娥?燒燈節(jié).................................................................................................................................
西江月?新秋寫興.............................................................................................................................
孫居敬
好事近?漁村即事.............................................................................................................................
周密
木蘭花慢?斷橋殘雪.........................................................................................................................
花犯?水仙.........................................................................................................................................
瑤花?瓊花.........................................................................................................................................
玉京秋?煙水闊.................................................................................................................................
曲游春?禁煙湖上薄游.....................................................................................................................
水龍吟?白蓮.....................................................................................................................................
齊天樂?蟬.........................................................................................................................................
玉漏遲?老來歡意少.........................................................................................................................
夷則商國香慢?賦子固凌波圖.........................................................................................................
一萼紅?登蓬萊閣有感.....................................................................................................................
法曲獻(xiàn)仙音?吊雪香亭梅.................................................................................................................
高陽臺?送陳君衡被召.....................................................................................................................
四字令?眉消睡黃.............................................................................................................................
黃公紹
青玉案?年年社日停針線.................................................................................................................
梁棟
念奴嬌?春夢.....................................................................................................................................
醴陵士人
一剪梅?宰相巍巍坐廟堂.................................................................................................................
徐君寶妻
滿庭芳?漢上繁華.............................................................................................................................
王易簡
天香?煙嶠收痕.................................................................................................................................
呂同老
水龍吟?冰肌不污天真.....................................................................................................................
蔣捷
賀新郎?兵后寓吳.............................................................................................................................
賀新郎?吳江.....................................................................................................................................
賀新郎?甚矣君狂矣.........................................................................................................................
女冠子?元夕.....................................................................................................................................
燕歸梁?風(fēng)蓮.....................................................................................................................................
梅花引?荊溪阻雪.............................................................................................................................
劉氏
沁園春?我生不辰.............................................................................................................................
陳德武
水龍吟?西湖懷古.............................................................................................................................
張炎
解連環(huán)?孤雁.....................................................................................................................................
疏影?梅影.........................................................................................................................................
渡江云?山空天入海.........................................................................................................................
周氏
瑞鶴仙?畫樓簾卷翠.........................................................................................................................
章文虎妻
臨江仙?千里長安名利客.................................................................................................................
張熙妻
菩薩蠻?西湖曲.................................................................................................................................
劉將孫
沁園春?流水?dāng)鄻?/span>.............................................................................................................................
無名氏
九張機(jī)...............................................................................................................................................
魚游春水?秦樓東風(fēng)里.....................................................................................................................
長相思?去年秋.................................................................................................................................
鳳棲梧?綠暗紅稀春已暮.................................................................................................................
采桑子?年年才到花時候.................................................................................................................
九張機(jī)...............................................................................................................................................
滿江紅?斗帳高眠.............................................................................................................................
秦觀
天涯舊恨,獨(dú)自凄涼人不問。欲見回腸,斷盡金爐小篆香。
黛蛾長斂,任是東風(fēng)吹不展。困倚危樓,過盡飛鴻字字愁。
這是寫一個獨(dú)處女子,在困人的春天思念遠(yuǎn)方情人的離愁別恨至深的詞。詞的上片“天涯”二句,首句“天涯”就距離寫游子之遠(yuǎn)、彼此分離天各一方,“舊恨”就時間寫分手之后,別愁離恨之長。詞篇本事,就此揭示了出來。次句,“人不問”,寫無人對語,獨(dú)居高樓,本夠凄涼,有誰關(guān)心慰問,即連同情的人都沒有,故“獨(dú)自凄涼”,即分外感覺到凄涼難堪了。這里“人不問”之人,當(dāng)指為其朝思暮想遠(yuǎn)在“天涯”之人。其人“不問”,可知音信不通,相思難寄,這就必然加重了她對遠(yuǎn)方情人的思念更加迫切,相見的欲望更加強(qiáng)烈?!坝姟眱删?,寫女子在百無聊賴愁苦之極,只好用燃香數(shù)刻來耗費(fèi)時間?!坝姟睂憫亚槿酥校盎啬c”寫內(nèi)心之痛,用形狀回環(huán)如篆的盤香,形容恰如人的回腸百轉(zhuǎn)?!皵啾M”,指炷一根根斷盡。這里用以突出女子柔腸寸斷,即“一寸相思一寸灰”的強(qiáng)烈感受。香斷煙消,也是形容時間流逝、愁悶未散,女子的愿望終于煙霧一樣虛幻??傊?,這兩句極寫其相思懷人的愁苦。
過片從一年四季寫愁?!镑於辍眱删鋵戇@位女子從冬到春愁眉難展的情狀。由于別恨難消,故存于心頭而現(xiàn)于眉梢,以致常是愁眉緊鎖,盡管春天來臨,“東風(fēng)”勁吹,具有神奇?zhèn)ゴ蟮臇|風(fēng),吹綠了大地江岸,吹開了百花吐艷。但無論怎樣吹拂,也吹不展她的一雙愁眉,這就深刻地揭示出在“長斂”、“不展”背后其愁恨的深重。此句構(gòu)思特妙,它和辛詞《鷓鴣天》“春風(fēng)不染白發(fā)須”同一機(jī)杼,都可說是文藝美學(xué)上無理而妙的寫法。即通過這種似乎無理的描寫,卻更深刻地表達(dá)了人的情思,給人以無窮的韻味。歇拍“困倚”二句,寫她從夏到秋守傍高樓,默默無語地目視一群群大雁消失在遙遠(yuǎn)的天邊,渴望著有遠(yuǎn)人錦書的到來,但她憑著自己有多少次失望的經(jīng)驗,明知那畢竟是縹緲無憑的幻想,即使倚遍危樓,也依然是天涯離恨。因此在她眼里,那遠(yuǎn)去飛鴻組成的“人”字飛翔,實際上都可說是一個個巨大的“愁”字而已。這就是俗話說的“情人眼里出西施”。因為她思念情人,見雁字倍增愁思,“人”字也就變成了“愁”字。因為人在激情強(qiáng)烈情況下,客觀景物在人的眼里會改變情調(diào)色彩的。所以,王國維說:“以我觀物,故物我皆著我之色彩?!边@話是言之有理的。(董冰竹)
秦觀
水邊沙外,城郭春寒退。花影亂,鶯聲碎。飄零疏酒盞,離別寬衣帶。人不見,碧云暮合空相對。
憶昔西池會,鹓鷺同飛蓋。攜手處,今誰在?日邊清夢斷,鏡里朱顏改。春去也,飛紅萬點(diǎn)愁如海。
陳廷焯《白雨齋詞話》卷六云:“少游詞寄慨身世,閑情有情思?!庇衷疲骸八酥~,詞才也;少游,詞心也。得之于內(nèi),不可以傳?!鼻宕軡?jì)《宋四家詞選》:“將身世之感打并入艷情,又是一法?!鄙儆未俗骶褪菍⑸硎乐腥谌肫G情小詞,感情深摯悲切。這種悲切之情,通過全詞濃郁的意境渲染來表達(dá),言有盡而意無窮。詞作于詩人坐元祐黨禍,貶杭州通判,又坐御史劉拯論增損《神宗實錄》中途改貶監(jiān)處州酒稅,政治上的打擊接連而來之時。“水邊沙外,城郭春寒退。花影亂,鶯聲碎?!贝怂木涫菍懢埃幹莩峭庥写笙?,沙灘。此時春寒已退,該是晚春時節(jié)了。后兩句似出自晚唐杜荀鶴《春宮怨》詩:“風(fēng)暖鳥聲碎,日高花影重”,狀花影搖曳,鶯聲間關(guān),形象生動,摹寫精當(dāng)。用“亂”和“碎”來形容花多,同時也傳遞出詞人心緒的紛亂,蕩然無緒。可謂以樂景寫哀情,給人以凄迷的感受?!帮h零疏酒盞,離別寬衣帶。人不見,碧云暮合空相對。”他鄉(xiāng)逢春,因景生情,引起詞人飄零身世之感。詞人受貶遠(yuǎn)陟,孑然一身,更無酒興,且種種苦況,使人形影消瘦,衣帶漸寬?!皩捯聨А保鲎浴豆旁娛攀住贰跋嗳ト找赃h(yuǎn),衣帶日以緩”,哀婉深沉?!叭瞬灰姟本?,從江淹《休上人怨別》詩:“日暮碧云合,佳人殊未來”化出,以情人相期不遇的惆悵,喻遭貶遠(yuǎn)離親友的哀婉,是別情,也是政治失意的悲哀。
現(xiàn)實的凄涼境遇,自然又勾起他對往日的回憶。下片起句“憶昔西池會,鹓鷺同飛蓋?!蔽鞒貢?,《淮海集》卷九:“西城宴集,元祐七年三月上巳,詔賜館閣花酒,以中浣日游金明池,瓊林苑,又會于國夫人園。會者二十有六人?!蔽鞒貢粗高@次集會?!赌芨凝S漫錄》卷十九:“少游詞云:‘憶昔西池會,鹓鷺同飛蓋’亦為在京師與毅甫同在于朝,敘其為金明池之游耳?!翱梢娮髡弋?dāng)時在京師供職秘書省,與僚友西池宴集賦詩唱和,是他一生中最得意的時光。他在詞中不止一次地提及。鹓鷺,謂朝官之行列,如鹓鳥和鷺鳥排列整齊有序。《隋書·音樂志》:“懷黃綰白,鹓鷺成行”,鹓鷺即指朝廷百官。飛蓋,狀車輛之疾行,出自曹植《公宴詩》:“清夜游西園,飛蓋相追隨?!弊髡呋貞浳鞒匮缂?,館閣官員乘車馳騁于大道,使他無限眷戀,那歡樂情景,“攜手處,今誰在?”撫今追昔,由于政治風(fēng)云變幻,同僚好友多被貶謫,天各一方,詞人怎能不倍加憶念故人?“日邊清夢斷,鏡里朱顏改。春去也,飛紅萬點(diǎn)愁如海。”沉重的挫折和打擊,他自覺再無伸展抱負(fù)的機(jī)會了。日邊,借指皇帝身邊。李白《行路難》詩其一:“閑來垂釣碧溪上,忽復(fù)乘舟夢日邊?!蓖蹒⒁端螘罚骸耙翐磳?yīng)湯命,夢乘船過日月之旁?!鄙儆畏从眠@一典故,可見他對朝廷不敢抱有幻想了。朱顏改,指青春年華消逝,寓政治理想破滅,飄泊憔悴之嘆。如說前面是感傷,到此則凄傷無際了。南唐李煜亡國淪為囚徒,追憶故國云:“雕欄玉砌應(yīng)猶在,只是朱顏改。問君能有幾多愁,恰似一江春水向東流。”(《虞美人》)無限悲痛,蘊(yùn)意相近。其深切的人生浩嘆,異代同心。無怪乎秦觀之友人孔毅甫覽至“鏡里朱顏改”之句驚曰:“少游盛年,何為言語悲愴如此?”尤其是結(jié)句“春去也,飛紅萬點(diǎn)愁如海?!备歉袆忧Ч诺拿?。李煜《浪淘沙》:“流水落花春去也,天上人間。”晏殊《浣溪沙》:“無可奈何花落去,似曾相識燕歸來?!惫湃藗合Щ?,感嘆歲月流逝,青春易老。少游此結(jié)句,即眼前景,寄萬般情。他沒有回天之力,只能悲嘆,良時難追,紅顏消失,他體驗著如滄海般浩渺的深廣愁怨。這是詞人和著血淚的悲嘆!“落紅萬點(diǎn)”,意象鮮明,具有一種驚人心魄的凄迷的美,喚起千古讀者心中無限惜春之情,惜人之意。已故美學(xué)家朱光潛先生說:“美,未必有韻;美而有情,然后韻矣。美易臻,美而浮之以韻,乃難能耳。”(《朱光潛美學(xué)論文集》)以此詞結(jié)句證之,誠然。
此詞以“春”貫穿全篇,“今春”和“昔春”,“盛春”到“暮春”,以時間的跨度,將不同的時空和昔盛今衰等感受,個人的命運(yùn)融合為一,創(chuàng)造出完整的意境?!稘O洋詩話》稱:“古人詩只取興會超妙,不似后人章句但作記里鼓也?!彼^“興會超妙”就是神韻,當(dāng)“興會神到之時,雪與芭蕉不妨合繪,地名寥遠(yuǎn)不相屬亦不妨連綴?!保üB虞《中國文學(xué)批評史》)作者將這些景連綴,襯托出傷春慨世的主題,可謂“情韻兼勝”(《四庫提要》)。馮煦《蓄庵論詞》:“淮海、小山,真古之傷心人也。其淡語皆有味,淺語皆有致,求之兩宋詞人,實罕其匹。”秦詞如此感人,語言如此有回味,就是因為詞中有情致、神韻。(高人雄)
秦觀
霧失樓臺,月迷津渡,桃源望斷無尋處。可堪孤館閉春寒,杜鵑聲里斜陽暮。
驛寄梅花,魚傳尺素,砌成此恨無重數(shù)。郴江幸自繞郴山,為誰流下瀟湘去?
這首詞題為“郴州旅舍”。大約作于紹圣四年(1097)春三月。前此,由于新舊黨爭,秦觀出為杭州通判,又因御史劉拯告他增損神宗實錄,貶監(jiān)處州酒稅。紹圣三年,再以寫佛書被罪,貶徙郴州(今湖南郴州市)。接二連三的貶謫,其心情之悲苦可想而知,形于筆端,詞作也益趨凄愴。此作寫于初抵郴州之時,以委婉曲折的筆法,抒寫了謫居的凄苦與幽怨。成為蜚聲詞壇的千古絕唱。
上片寫謫居中寂寞凄冷的環(huán)境。開頭三句,緣情寫景,劈面推開一幅凄楚迷茫、黯然銷魂的畫面:漫天迷霧隱去了樓臺,月色朦朧中,渡口顯得迷茫難辨?!办F失樓臺,月迷津渡。”互文見義,不僅對句工整,也不只是狀寫景物,而是情景交融的佳句?!笆А?、“迷”二字,既準(zhǔn)確地勾勒出月下霧中樓臺、津渡的模糊,又恰切地寫出了作者無限凄迷的意緒?!办F失”、“月迷”,皆為下句“望斷”出力。“桃源望斷無尋處”。詞人站在旅舍觀望應(yīng)該已經(jīng)很久了,他目尋當(dāng)年陶淵明筆下的那塊世外桃源。桃源,其地在武陵(今湖南常德),離郴州不遠(yuǎn)。詞人由此生聯(lián)想:即是“望斷”,亦為枉然。著一“斷”字,讓人體味出詞人久佇苦尋幻想境界的悵惘目光及其失望痛苦心情。他的《點(diǎn)絳唇》,諸本題作“桃源”。詞中“塵緣相誤,無計花間住?!睂懙漠?dāng)是同樣的心情?!疤以础笔翘諟Y明心目中的避亂勝地,也是詞人心中的理想樂土,千古關(guān)情,異代同心。而“霧”、“月”則是不可克服的現(xiàn)實阻礙,它們以其本身的虛無縹緲呈現(xiàn)出其不可言喻的象征意義。而“樓臺”、“津渡”,在中國文人的心目中,同樣被賦予了文化精神上的蘊(yùn)涵,它們是精神空間的向上與超越的拓展。詞人多么希望借此尋出一條通向“桃源”的秘道!然而他只有失望而已。一“失”一“迷”,現(xiàn)實回報他的是這片霧籠煙鎖的景象?!斑m彼樂土”之不能,旨在引出現(xiàn)實之不堪。于是放縱的目光開始內(nèi)收,逗出“可堪孤館閉春寒,杜鵑聲里斜陽暮?!碧以礋o覓,又謫居遠(yuǎn)離家鄉(xiāng)的郴州這個湘南小城的客舍里,本自容易滋生思鄉(xiāng)之情,更何況不是宦游他鄉(xiāng),而是天涯淪落啊。這兩句正是意在渲染這個貶所的凄清冷寞。春寒料峭時節(jié),獨(dú)處客館,念往事煙靄紛紛,瞻前景不寒而栗。一個“閉”字,鎖住了料峭春寒中的館門,也鎖住了那顆欲求拓展的心靈。更有杜鵑聲聲,催人“不如歸去”,勾起旅人愁思;斜陽沉沉,正墜西土,怎能不觸動一腔身世凄涼之感。詞人連用“孤館”、“春寒”、“杜鵑”、“斜陽”等引人感發(fā),令人生悲傷心景物于一境,即把自己的心情融入景物,創(chuàng)造“有我之境”。又以“可堪”二字領(lǐng)起一種強(qiáng)烈的凄冷氣氛,好像他整個的身心都被吞噬在這片充斥天宇的慘淡愁云之中。王靜安先生吟誦至此,不禁揮筆題曰:“少游詞境最為凄婉,至‘可堪孤館閉春寒,杜鵑聲里斜陽暮’,則變而為凄厲矣?!保ā度碎g詞話》)前人多病其“斜陽”后再著一“暮”字,以為重累。其實不然,這三字表明著時間的推移,為“望斷”作注。夕陽偏西,是日斜之時,慢慢沉落,始開暮色?!澳骸?,為日沉之時,這時間順序,蘊(yùn)含著詞人因孤寂而擔(dān)心夜晚來臨更添寂寞難耐的心情。這是處境順利、生活充實的人所未曾體驗到的愁人心緒。因此,“斜陽暮”三字,正大大加重了感情色彩。
下片由敘實開始,寫遠(yuǎn)方友人殷勤致意、安慰?!绑A寄梅花,魚傳尺素?!边B用兩則有關(guān)友人投寄書信的典故,分見于《荊州記》和古詩《飲馬長城窟行》。寄梅傳素,遠(yuǎn)方的親友送來安慰的信息,按理應(yīng)該欣喜為是,但身為貶謫之詞人,北歸無望,卻“別是一般滋味在心頭”,每一封裹寄著親友慰安的書信,觸動的總是詞人那根敏感的心弦,奏響的是對往昔生活的追憶和痛省今時困苦處境的一曲曲凄傷哀婉的歌。每一封信來,詞人就歷經(jīng)一次這個心靈掙扎的歷程,添其此恨綿綿。故于第三句急轉(zhuǎn),“砌成此恨無重數(shù)?!币磺邪参烤鶡o濟(jì)于事。離恨猶如“恨”墻高砌,使人不勝負(fù)擔(dān)。一個“砌”字,將那無形的傷感形象化,好像還可以重重累積,終如磚石壘墻般筑起一
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