在此列出了脫發(fā)的十大原因，為了防止脫發(fā)，我們可以采取很多措施，但主要的原因是基因引起的，我們都無法改變，因此，我們應(yīng)該在其他方面做好工作，防止禿頂。
Top 10 Causes of Hair Loss
Those who have it love it. Those who don’t miss it. And those who are in the process of losing it, well, they’ll do anything to keep it. We’re talking of course about hair. While it’s easy to blame your parents for your thin hair or balding scalp, not all causes of hair loss trace back to genetics. You might be surprised to learn that there are dozens of reasons for it. And, while some are a little less common than others, it’s still important to understand how you lose your hair so that you’ll know how to prevent it.
擁有它的人喜歡它。沒有它的人想念它。而那些正在失去它的人，則會想盡一切辦法留住它。當(dāng)然，我們說的就是頭發(fā)。我們常常把頭發(fā)稀少或者禿頂怪罪于我們的父母，但其實脫發(fā)的原因并不完全是遺傳的。你也許會感到震驚，原來脫發(fā)的原因有這么多。雖然有些原因比較不常見，但是知道脫發(fā)的原因還是很重要的，這樣我們才知道怎樣防止掉發(fā)。
Here are the top 10 causes of hair loss.
No.10 Tight Braids Or Pulled-Back Hair
第十.辮子扎得太緊或者向后梳頭發(fā)
This cause is probably a bit more relevant to women, but even men should know that wearing hair in tight braids (like dreadlocks or cornrows) or having hair tightly pulled back (like in a ponytail) can lead to hair loss -- or what is medically known as traction alopecia. It is caused by chronic pulling of the hair, leading to gradual hair loss, mostly at the hairline. While it’s most commonly seen in African women, it’s also seen in men who wear hairpieces in the same location on the scalp for long periods of time.
這個原因可能跟女人的關(guān)系更大，但即使是男人，也應(yīng)該知道把辮子扎得太緊（如非洲發(fā)綹或者玉米編發(fā)）或者向后梳發(fā)（如梳成馬尾辮）會導(dǎo)致脫發(fā)——或者如醫(yī)學(xué)上講的牽引性脫發(fā)。這是由于長期的拉緊頭發(fā)，會導(dǎo)致頭發(fā)逐漸脫落，尤其是在發(fā)際線處。這種現(xiàn)象在非洲女性身上比較常見，也常見于那些長期把假發(fā)戴在同一區(qū)域的男人身上。
No.9 TrichotillomaniaTrichotillomania is the name given to the habitual plucking or pulling of the hair from the head or other parts of the body. While it’s still unclear whether trichotillomania should be classified as a habit or as an obsessive-compulsive disorder, the end result is the same. Over time, a bald spot will develop. If the habit stops, hair will typically regrow, but with excessive and long-term trichotillomania, scarring of the scalp can result, leading to permanent hair loss in the affected location!
No.8 Hypothyroidism
第八.甲狀腺功能減退癥
The thyroid is a small gland located in the front of the neck just below the voice box. It plays an important role in regulating the body’s metabolism through the release of various hormones. Hypothyroidism is an underproduction of certain hormones and is the most common cause of patchy hair loss known as alopecia areata (which can affect the whole body and not just the head). Hypothyroidism itself is caused by birth abnormalities, autoimmune diseases or surgery involving the removal of the thyroid.
No.7 Autoimmune Disease
第七.自身免疫疾病
If you have diabetes or have arthritis, you've already been dealing with autoimmune diseases that arise when the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. When the body’s immune system attacks hair follicles or other cells or tissues important to hair growth and maintenance, it can result in hair loss of various kinds, including cicatricial alopecia (a form of permanent hair loss) and telogen effluvium (which occurs when hair's growth cycle is disrupted).
No.6 Infection
第六.感染
Although a number of infections can lead to hair loss, the most common infection that affects the scalp and hair is ringworm. Don’t let the name fool you: Ringworm is actually caused by a fungus. Tinea capitis, as it’s more scientifically known, is caused by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes that thrive in warm, moist conditions and typically arise due to poor hygiene. While it affects mostly children, it can be caught at any age.
No.5 Chemotherapy
第五.化療
Cancer cells typically divide and grow faster than the body’s healthy cells. What allows chemotherapy to be so effective in stopping cancer is that it stops those cells that grow rapidly. Unfortunately, there are other cells in the body that grow rapidly as well -- like those in hair follicles. While there are cancer myths out there, experiencing near-total hair loss after chemotherapy isn't one of them. The loss could be gradual or dramatic, depending on the type of drug, but the end result is usually the same. Thankfully, the hair usually grows back!
No.4 Medication
第四.藥物治療
Most of the human population is well aware that chemotherapy drugs can lead to hair loss, but there are, in fact, dozens of other drugs that might cause hair to fall out. These include anti-thyroid medications, hormonal therapies (like birth control), anti-convulsants (for epilepsy), anti-coagulants, beta-blockers, and many others. These medications tend to cause telogen effluvium, a rapid shedding of the hair that arises when a large number of hairs suddenly shift from a growth phase (known as anagen) to a resting phase (known as telogen), and then fall out when new hairs begin to grow.
No.3 Vitamin/Mineral Deficiency
第三.維生素/礦物質(zhì)不足
Whether it’s because of a crash diet, general malnutrition or some genetic or biological defect, deficiencies in certain nutrients can cause hair loss. Probably the most common deficiency thought to contribute to hair loss is iron. Being severely low in iron can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, a condition that causes the body not to have enough red blood cells. Red blood cells are important because they carry oxygen to nearly every cell in the body, helping those cells maintain normal function. Deficiencies in other nutrients -- such as vitamin B (specifically B12) and protein -- are thought to contribute to hair loss as well.
No.2 Stress
第二.壓力
Severe physical stress (like surgery) or severe psychological stress (like a death in the family) can have strange effects on the body. Severe stress typically sends the body into a state of shock, flooding it with various hormones and metabolites. This may lead to telogen effluvium, a shedding of the hair that we mentioned above. While the effects of acute stress on hair are well understood, what isn’t as clear is how chronic or long-term stress affects hair loss.
No.1 Male Pattern Baldness
第一.男性型脫發(fā)
Despite all the different causes of hair loss, the leading cause is one that we can’t do much about. Male pattern baldness, medically known as androgenetic alopecia, refers to hair thinning in an “M-shaped" pattern that is typically mentioned when men talk about balding. Over time, the hair follicles will change and shrink, leading to thinning hair. While many treatments are available, they aren’t guaranteed to work and most only slow progression (although some can lead to hair regrowth) and are not permanent solutions for hair loss. In the end, we’re all victims of our genes -- and that’s something that will never change.
盡管引起脫發(fā)的原因各不相同，但最主要的原因卻是一個我們無法控制的因素。男性型脫發(fā)，醫(yī)學(xué)上稱為雄性遺傳脫發(fā)，就是人們談?wù)摱d頂時常提到的頭發(fā)逐漸減少，呈“M型”狀態(tài)。隨著時間的推移，毛囊就會發(fā)生改變并收縮，導(dǎo)致頭發(fā)稀疏。雖然現(xiàn)在有很多治療方法，但并不是很有效，頂多是使得病情減緩（盡管有些能讓頭發(fā)再生），終究不是預(yù)防脫發(fā)的治療方法。總而言之，我們都是基因的受害者——而且這是誰也無法改變的。
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