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句子的基本句型
由主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等句子成分，按不同方式可組合成五種基本句型。

句子成分的表示方法：

S: Subject主語；

V: Verb動詞；

O: Object賓語；

P: Predicative表語；

IO: Indirect Object間接賓語；

DO：Direct Object 直接賓語

OC: Object Complement賓語補(bǔ)足語；

◇第一種句型：主語+不及物動詞(S+V)
該句型所用動詞都是不及物動詞，其后當(dāng)然不能接賓語，但是可以用狀語修飾謂語動詞或整 個句子。
He runs fast in the street.
他在街上跑得飛快。
The meeting begins at nine.
會議九點(diǎn)開始。

◇第二種句型：主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+V+DO)
該句型所用動詞都是及物動詞，可作賓語的有名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或短語及從句。
We attended the meeting.
我們出席了那次會議。(名詞作賓語)
She stopped him.
她叫住了他。(代詞作賓語)
She wants to ask a question.
她要問一個問題。(不定式作賓語)
They enjoy listening to the classic music.
他們喜歡聽古典音樂。(動名詞作賓語)
注意：一些不及物動詞之后加上介詞就可以具有及物動詞的功能，其后就可以接賓語了。

這一類詞組有：listen to 聽；look at 看；look after 照看；look for 尋找；arrive at/in 到達(dá)等。
May I turn on the light?
我可以開燈嗎?
What are you looking for?
你在找什么?

◇第三種句型：主語+連系動詞+表語(S+V+P)
連系動詞的后面必須接表語，說明主語的情況和狀態(tài)。通?？勺鞅碚Z的是名詞或形容詞。
She became a lawyer last year.
去年，她成為了一名律師。
He is honest.
他是誠實(shí)的。
It is getting colder and colder.
天氣漸漸冷了。
It tastes delicious.
這好吃極了。

下列動詞也作連系動詞使用 ：look 看起來；smell 聞起來；sound 聽起來；taste 嘗起來；feel 感覺；keep 保持； grow/go/get/turn變得。

◇第四種句型：主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)
(1)賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，但某些動詞，除直接賓語外，還要求一個間接賓語，以表示該動詞所表示的動作所及的人或物，通常由名詞或代詞 的賓格擔(dān)任。
She gave me a ticket for that film.
她給了我一張那部電影的票。
Please pass me the salt.
請把鹽遞給我
(2)通常情況下，間接賓語位于直接賓語的前面，但有時(shí)根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)需要，間接賓語位于直接賓語之后，這時(shí)要在間接賓語前加to或for。
I will bring the book(賓,直接) to you next time. (賓,間接)
（=I will bring you the book  next time.）
我下次把那本書給你帶來。
He promised a motorbike (賓,直接) to her. (賓,間接)
(=He promised her a motorbike.)
他答應(yīng)給她買一輛摩托車。
Mother bought a new bag (賓,直賓) for him.(賓,間賓)
(=Mother bought him a new bag.)
媽媽給他買了一個新書包。
She sang several songs (賓,直賓) for them. (賓,間賓)
(=She sang them several songs.)
她為他們唱了幾首歌。
Please pass (謂)the salt (賓,直接)to me. (賓,間接）
請把鹽遞給我。

注意：帶特殊疑問詞的不定式短語作直接賓語是一種很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+DO+疑問詞+不定式
主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+疑問詞+不定式
She told me how to understand the article.
她告訴我怎樣理解這篇文章。
They wanted to know where to solve the problem.
他們想要知道哪里能夠解決這個問題。
The boy asked her why to do so.
那孩子問她為什么這么做。
I asked him which one to choose.
我問他選擇哪一個。

◇第五種句型：主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(S+V+DO+OC)
 (1)有些及物動詞，只接一個賓語不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還需要再加一個賓語的補(bǔ)語加以說 明 ，使意思完整。這樣的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語又稱為復(fù)合賓語，可以由名詞、形容詞和不定式來擔(dān)任。
They named the girl Susan.
他們給這個女孩起名叫蘇姍。(名詞作賓補(bǔ))
He  found her frustrated.
他覺得她有些沮喪。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))
I saw them perform on the stage.
我看見他們在臺上表演。(不定式作賓補(bǔ))
(2)一些使役性動詞如make, let, have和一些表示感官的動詞如see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要省去“to”。

We all made him play the violin.

我們都要求他演奏小提琴。
I saw him enter the room.

我看見他進(jìn)屋了。
He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.

他聽見一個女人在那邊一棵樹下哭。
必背：記住下面是一些常用的要求復(fù)合賓語的動詞：elect (選舉), name, call, make, find, think, leave。
We'll make him monitor.
我們要選他當(dāng)班長。
She found the boy very funny.
她覺得這個孩子非?；?。
He left the door open and hid behind the door.
他讓門開著，然后藏在門后邊。

比較：雙賓語句型與復(fù)合賓語句型的區(qū)別
它們之間最主要的區(qū)別是：復(fù)合賓語中的賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，但雙賓 語則沒有這種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：
We call him (賓) Jack.(賓補(bǔ))
我們叫他杰克。(這里賓語him和賓語補(bǔ)足語Jack具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即“他就是杰克” ，這樣Jack就是賓語補(bǔ)語)
He bought her (直賓) a bike.(間賓)
他給她買了一輛自行車。(賓語her和后面的詞a bike不能形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不能想像“她是車”，因此，該句為雙賓語句型。

◇把下列句子按照五大句子結(jié)構(gòu)歸類：

1.         Your food looks delicious.

2.         Can I have some?

3.         No one will look after you.

4.         She looked like a white mouse.

5.         We called her Xi Wang.

6.         She started to eat bamboo shoots and leaves.

7.         Giant pandas are in danger now.

8.         People find baby pandas alone.

9.         The government can make giant panda reserves bigger.

10.     The government should build more reserves.

11.     The government should encourage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves.

12.     Farmers shouldn’t work in giant panda reserves.

13.     Amy became interested in animals.

14.     The number is getting smaller and smaller.

15.     The study begins next month.

16.     Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands.

17.     This information will make them actively take action to protect wildlife.

18.     Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.

19.     The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home.

20.     The area provides food and shelter for wildlife.

◇翻譯下列句子，并指出句子類型：

1.         在觀察期間你說話聲音必須很輕。

2.         他告訴我們不要發(fā)出噪音。

3.         太陽明亮地照耀著。

4.         你可以近距離地觀察這些鳥。

5.         動物飼養(yǎng)員禮貌地向我們打著招呼。

6.         他生氣地看著我。

7.         他們興奮得喊著。

8.         這個孩子不誠實(shí)。

9.         David教我們英語。

10.     這個自然保護(hù)區(qū)給了野生生物一個理想的家園。

11.     他經(jīng)常給我們講故事。

12.     突然，張華聽到有人大喊“著火啦”。

13.     他總是使我很開心。

14.     人們都叫他Jim。

15.     我發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇關(guān)于鳥類的文章很有趣。

16.     我認(rèn)為對我們來說有必要研究不同種類的鳥。

◇江蘇13城市中考試題匯編：

(   ) 1. I find this computer game _______ to play. (09無錫)

      A. enough easy   B. easy enough   C. enough easily  D. easily enough

(   ) 2. I think ______ necessary for us to solve.

      A. it    B. that    C. its   D. that’s

(   ) 3. Mum! The fish tastes _______. Could I have some more? (2010南通)

      A. terrible   B. wonderful   C. terribly  D. wonderfully

(   ) 4. The talk show on TV is very popular. It often makes people ________. (2010鹽城)

     A. laugh   B. laughing   C. to laugh    D. laughed

(   ) 5. You cannot sneeze and keep your eyes ______ at the same time. (2010宿遷)

     A. open   B. opens    C. opened         D. opening

(   ) 6. ----Have you ever heard the song Welcome to Beijing? (2010泰州)

          ----Yes, it ________ nice.

    A. hears   B. sounds   C. looks   D. listens

(   ) 7. The girl’s voice sounds _______. Maybe she can become a good singer when she

          grows up. (2008淮安)

    A. sweet      B. sweetly        C. beautifully

(   ) 8. ----Do you like the English song Big Big World?

          ----Yes. It _______ very beautiful. (2008宿遷)

    A. feels       B. hears       C. listens           D. sounds

Keys:

把下列句子按照五大句子結(jié)構(gòu)歸類：

S+V

1.         Farmers shouldn’t work in giant panda reserves.

2.         The study begins next month.

S+V+DO

1.         Can I have some?

2.         No one will look after you.

3.         She looked like a white mouse.

4.         She started to eat bamboo shoots and leaves.

5.         The government should build more reserves.

6.         Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands.

S+V+P

1.         Your food looks delicious.

2.         Giant pandas are in danger now.

3.         Amy became interested in animals.

4.         The number is getting smaller and smaller.

S+V+IO+DO

1.         The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home.

2.         The area provides food and shelter for wildlife.

S+V+DO+OC

1.         We called her Xi Wang.

2.         People find baby pandas alone.

3.         The government can make giant panda reserves bigger.

4.         The government should encourage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves.

5.         This information will make them actively take action to protect wildlife.

6.         Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.

翻譯下列句子，并指出句子類型：

1.         You must talk softly during the watch. (S+V)

2.         He told us not to make any noise. (S+V+DO+OC)

3.         The sun shone brightly. (S+V)

4.         You can watch the birds closely. (S+V+DO)

5.         The zookeeper greeted us politely. (S+V+DO)

6.         He looked at me angrily. (S+V+DO)

7.         They shouted excitedly. (S+V)

8.         The child is dishonest. (S+V+P)

9.         David teaches us English. (S+V+IO+DO)

10.     The nature reserve gives wildlife an ideal home. (S+V+IO+DO)

11.     He often tells us stories. (S+V+IO+DO)

12.     Suddenly, Zhang Hua heard someone shouting “Fire!” (S+V+DO+OC)

13.     He always makes me very happy. (S+V+DO+OC)

14.     People call him Jim. (S+V+DO+OC)

15.     I found the article on birds very interesting. (S+V+DO+OC)

16.     I think it necessary for us to study different kinds of birds. (S+V+DO+OC)

江蘇13城市中考試題匯編：

1. B  2. A  3. B  4. A  5. A  6. B  7. A  8. D