本人提出并提倡三步驟解析英語長難句的方法，旨在幫助考生在短時間內訓練并提高快速準確讀懂句子進而提高整體閱讀理解的能力。另一個目的是嘗試為考生提供切實有效的翻譯練習和訓練的機會，以促使考生更加準確辯析長難句的結構和意義以及英漢語言的差異。在此基礎上，還致力于督促考生進行句型提煉的練習和訓練，以為句子乃至段落寫作提供參考和樣本。下面為考生精選10句長難句作為實例進行解析和翻譯并作相應的句型提煉，供考生參考。
Furthering that point, the association noted a number of somber research findings, including that men are four times more likely than women to die of suicide worldwide, are "far more likely" than women to be arrested and charged with intimate partner violence in the U.S. and commit about 90 percent of all homicides nationwide.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
…, the association noted a number, ….
簡化后的句子呈現(xiàn)為主句，主語是the association，謂語是noted，賓語是a number。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
Furthering that point, the association noted a number, ....
回補后的成分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語Furthering that point作狀語，修飾謂語noted。
2.2 回補成分2：
Furthering that point, the association noted a number of somber research findings, ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是of somber research findings，作賓語a number 的后置定語
2.3 回補成分3:
Furthering that point, the association noted a number of somber research findings, including that….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語including that作狀語修飾謂語noted，that是連接詞，引導including的賓語從句。
2.4 回補成分4：
Furthering that point, the association noted a number of somber research findings, including that men are… likely to die …,are “… likely” to be arrested and charged.… and commitabout 90 percent of all homicides nationwide.
繼續(xù)回補的成分是賓語從句的主語和并列謂語，主語是men，第一個并列謂語are … likely to die和第二個并列謂語are “… likely” to be arrested and charged是系表結構加動詞不定式作補足語或可看作是復合謂語，第三個并列謂語是動賓結構，其中about是副詞作狀語，90 percent是賓語，of all homicides是后置定語修飾percent，nationwide是副詞作狀語表示范圍。
2.5 回補成分5：
Furthering that point, the association noted a number of somber research findings, including that men are four times more likely than women to die …, are "far more likely" than women to be arrested and charged … and commit about 90 percent of all homicides nationwide.
繼續(xù)回補的成分是兩個比較級各自修飾兩個系表結構的表語likely及比較對象women，其中four times表示確定的倍數，far表示不確定的程度，都修飾more。
3. 還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
Furthering that point, the association noted a number of somber research findings, including that men are four times more likely than women to die of suicide worldwide, are "far more likely" than women to be arrested and charged with intimate partner violence in the U.S. and commit about 90 percent of all homicides nationwide.
最后回補并還原的成分是三個并列謂語的狀語，其中of suicide作die的原因狀語，worldwide作表示范圍的狀語，with intimate partner violence作be charged的原因狀語，in the U.S. 作地點或范圍狀語。
本句的特征是主語的前后都是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，后面的狀語連接一個長且復雜的賓語從句，修飾成分偏多，信息載荷偏大。
二、翻譯：
該協(xié)會指出關于這個觀點，許多嚴謹的研究結果給予了進一步的拓展，包括在世界范圍內，男性死于自殺的概率高于女性四倍，在美國，男性因親密伴侶間的暴力而遭逮捕和指控的可能性遠遠高于女性，而且全美國男性犯殺人罪的比例大概占百分之九十。
三、句型：
Furthering that point, the association noted …, including that … four times more likely than … to do …, far more likely than … to be … and commit ….
Although the women's movement and political controversies about such issues and the Equal Rights Amendment and sexual harassment suggest that changing sex roles is a recent issue, this is far from the case.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
…, this is far from the case.
簡化后的句子是主系表結構，主語是this，系動詞是is，形容詞far加介詞短語構成符合作表語。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
Although the women's movement and political controversies … suggest that …, this is far from the case.
回補后的成分是由although引導的讓步狀語從句，主語是兩個并列詞組the women's movement和political controversies，謂語是suggest，賓語是that引導的從句，為簡明計，暫省略。
2.2 回補成分2：
Although the women's movement and political controversies about such issues and the Equal Rights Amendment and sexual harassment suggest that …, this is far from the case.
繼續(xù)回補的成分是介詞about接三個并列賓語作controversies的后置定語。
3. 還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
Although the women's movement and political controversies about such issues and the Equal Rights Amendment and sexual harassment suggest that changing sex roles is a recent issue, this is far from the case.
最后回補還原的成分是由that引導的賓語從句，主語是動名詞短語changing sex roles，謂語是系表結構形式。
本句的特征是從句前置并且比較長，主句偏短，從句主語的修飾成分偏長，信息載荷偏多。
二、翻譯：
雖然女權運動及其類似政治爭議、平等權利修正案和性騷擾表明轉變性別角色是新近出現(xiàn)的問題，但（實際上）遠非如此。
三、句型：
Although the women's movement and … and … and … suggest that …, this is far from the case.
Environmental organizations and researchers say the wildfires blazing in the rainforest were set by cattle ranchers and loggers who want to clear and utilize the land, emboldened by the country's pro-business president.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
Environmental organizations and researchers say….
簡化后的句子是主語結構，主語是Environmental organizations and researchers，謂語是say，因賓語是從句，為簡明計，暫省略。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
Environmental organizations and researchers say the wildfires blazing in the rainforest were set by cattle ranchers and loggers ….
回補后的成分是賓語從句，主語是the wildfires，謂語是were set，現(xiàn)在分詞短語blazing in the rainforest作從句主語the wildfires的定語，介詞短語by cattle ranchers and loggers作從句謂語were set的狀語。
2.2 回補成分2：
Environmental organizations and researchers say the wildfires blazing in the rainforest were set by cattle ranchers and loggers who want to clear and utilize the land, ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是定語從句修飾cattle ranchers and loggers，關系代詞who既起連接作用又作從句的主語，want是謂語，to clear and utilize the land是動詞不定式作賓語。
3：還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
Environmental organizations and researchers say the wildfires blazing in the rainforest were set by cattle ranchers and loggers who want to clear and utilize the land, emboldened by the country's pro-business president.
最后回補并還原的句子成分是過去分詞短語定語從句的狀語，emboldened修飾謂語want，其邏輯主語是who，暨cattle ranchers and loggers。
本句的主要特征是賓語從句的介詞賓語的修飾成分較多，過去分詞emboldened的修飾作用不易快速辨別。
二、翻譯：
環(huán)境機構和研究人員說，正在燃燒的森林大火是由因受到重商主義總統(tǒng)的鼓勵而想要清理和利用土地的農場主和伐木工人點燃的。
三、句型:
Environmental organizations … say the wildfires blazing … were set by … who …, emboldened by ….
Billboard has published an oral history of what was going on behind the scenes, revealing new details like West's seat being moved to the front row "at the eleventh hour" and Beyoncé's tearful reaction.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
Billboard has published an oral history….
簡化后的成分是主謂賓結構，Billboard是主語，has published是謂語，an oral history是賓語。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
Billboard has published an oral history of what was going on behind the scenes, ….
回補后的成分是由介詞短語作定語修飾history，介詞of的賓語是從句，what相當于漢語的“所”，是關系代詞，既連接句子成分又在從句中作主語，was going on是謂語，behind the scenes是狀語。
2.2 回補成分2：
Billboard has published an oral history of what was going on behind the scenes, revealing new details like West's seat … and Beyoncé's tearful reaction.
繼續(xù)回補的成分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語從句的狀語，介詞短語like... 是details的定語，后接兩個并列賓語West's seat和Beyoncé's tearful reaction.
3. 還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
Billboard has published an oral history of what was going on behind the scenes, revealing new details like West's seat being moved to the front row “at the eleventh hour”and Beyoncé's tearful reaction.
最后回補還原的成分是介賓結構like West's seat的賓語補足語，其中being是現(xiàn)在分詞，和moved構成被動態(tài)，后邊的兩個介詞短語分別作方位和時間狀語。
本句的特征是主句的賓語修飾成分長且多，名詞所有格+動名詞的被動態(tài)being moved…作介詞賓語的補足語的成分比較特殊。
二、翻譯：
榜單出版了一部關于幕后正在發(fā)生什么的口述歷史，披露了諸如韋斯特的椅子在最后時刻被挪到了前排和碧昂斯淚眼漣漣的反應。
三、句型：
Billboard has published … of what …, revealing … like West's seat being moved ….
Guided by years of research, this federal law has created funding opportunities to encourage states to provide services to meet families` mental health, substance use, and parenting needs to help keep children at home instead of sending them to foster care.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
…, this federal law has created funding opportunities ….
簡化后的成分是簡單句，主語是this federal law，謂語是has created，賓語是funding opportunities。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
Guided by years of research, this federal law has created funding opportunities ….
回補后的成分是過去分詞短語作狀語修飾主句的謂語has created，Guided和主語this federal構成被動的主謂關系。
2.2 回補成分2：
Guided by years of research, this federal law has created funding opportunities to encourage states to provide services to meet families' mental health, substance use, and parenting needs….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是三個連續(xù)的動詞不定式短語，第一個動詞不定式短語to encourage states作狀語修飾謂語created，第二個動詞不定式短語to provide services作賓語補足語修飾states，第三個動詞不定式作定語修飾services，其中動詞meet接三個賓語，分別是mental health， substance use和parenting needs。
3．還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
Guided by years of research, this federal law has created funding opportunities to encourage states to provide services to meet families' mental health, substance use, and parenting needs to help keep children at home instead of sending them to foster care.
最后回補還原的成分是動詞不定式短語作定語修飾needs，其中help后接動詞省略to，keep children at home是動詞接賓語及補足語，instead of是副詞詞組作狀語修飾help，sending them to foster care是動名詞詞組作of的賓語。
本句的特征主要是動詞不定式比較多，修飾關系比較復雜，此外過去分詞和動名詞等非謂語動詞也需要特別關注。
二、翻譯：
這部聯(lián)邦法律，以多年的科學研究為指導，創(chuàng)造了許多融資機會以促使各州提供能夠滿足家庭成員的心理健康、藥物使用和幫助兒童留在家里而非送往看護班的養(yǎng)育需求的服務。
三、句型：
Guided by …, this federal law has created …to encourage … to provide … to meet … to help … instead of sending ….
Mandatory evacuation orders for low-lying and flood-prone areas and mobile homes were in effect starting either Sunday or Monday from Palm Beach County north to at least the Daytona Beach area, and some counties to the north issued voluntary evacuation notices.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
Mandatory evacuation orders …were … starting … , and some counties … issued voluntary evacuation notices.
簡化后的成分是并列句，主語分別是Mandatory evacuation orders和some counties，并列謂語是were … starting和issued，第一個并列句是主謂結構，第二個并列句是主謂賓結構，賓語是voluntary evacuation notices。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
Mandatory evacuation orders for low-lying and flood-prone areas and mobile homes were … starting …, and some counties to the north issued voluntary evacuation notices.
回補后的成分分別是兩個并列句的主語的后置定語，介詞for 接兩個賓語… areas和… homes修飾orders，介詞短語to the north修飾counties。
3. 還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
Mandatory evacuation orders for low-lying and flood-prone areas and mobile homes were in effect starting either Sunday or Monday from Palm Beach County north to at least the Daytona Beach area, and some counties to the north issued voluntary evacuation notices.
最后回補還原后的成分是四個狀語，第一個狀語介詞短語in effect作狀語，插在助動詞和謂語動詞之間，使得狀語分布比較平衡；第二個狀語是由連接詞either … or 引導的表示時間的狀語，第三個狀語是由介詞詞組from … to引導的表示方位的狀語，第四個狀語at least是介詞和形容詞構成的短語表示程度的狀語。
本句主要的特征是第一個并列句偏長，主語的定語偏長，尤其是狀語偏多偏長，信息載荷偏大。
二、翻譯：
強制撤離低洼易澇地區(qū)和活動房屋的命令實際上已于周日或周一在棕櫚灘縣以北至最近處代托納海灘區(qū)開始實施，北方有些縣發(fā)布了自愿撤離通知。
三、句型：
Mandatory evacuation orders for … were …starting either … or … from … to at least …, and some counties … issued ….
While most men seemed to have a favorable impression of the woman who outsmarted them in the test and evinced greater interest in befriending her---- the situation when transposed to real life showed the very men becoming less disposed toward befriending the smarter women, sharing their contact details and/or planning a date.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
… the situation… showed the very men becoming less disposed ….
簡化后的成分是簡單句，主語是the situation，謂語是showed，賓語是the very men，補足語是becoming less disposed。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
While most men seemed to have a favorable impression of the woman… the situation …showed the very men becoming less disposed ….
回補后的成分是時間狀語從句，主語是most man，謂語seemed to have a favorable impression是系表結構，of the woman作impression的定語。
2.2 回補成分2：
While most men seemed to have a favorable impression of the woman who outsmarted them in the test and evinced greater interest in befriending her---- the situation … showed the very men becoming less disposed ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是定語從句，關系代詞who作從句的主語，并列謂語和賓語是outsmarted them和evinced greater interest，介詞短語in befriending her作狀語修飾evinced。
2.3 回補成分3：
While most men seemed to have a favorable impression of the woman who outsmarted them in the test and evinced greater interest in befriending her---- the situation when transposed to real life showed the very men becoming less disposed ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是省略形式的時間狀語從句，連接詞when連接過去分詞，相當于when the situation was transposed…，to real life是狀語修飾transposed。
2.4 回補成分4：
While most men seemed to have a favorable impression of the woman who outsmarted them in the test and evinced greater interest in befriending her---- the situation when transposed to real life showed the very men becoming less disposed toward befriending the smarter women, ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是介詞短語作狀語修飾becoming，befriending是動名詞，接賓語the smarter women。
3．還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
While most men seemed to have a favorable impression of the woman who outsmarted them in the test and evinced greater interest in befriending her---- the situation when transposed to real life showed the very men becoming less disposed toward befriending the smarter women, sharing their contact details and/or planning a date.
最后回補還原的成分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語sharing... 作狀語修飾becoming，their contact details and/or planning a date是sharing的賓語。
本句的特征主要是主從句比較平衡，各自的修飾關系比較復雜，信息載荷偏大。
二、翻譯：
大多數男性似乎對考試成績超過自己的女性頗具好感，而且表現(xiàn)出很大的與之交往的興趣，但同時當這一情景轉換為真實生活時，如要交換聯(lián)系方式或進行約會，這些男性對與比自己聰明的女性開展交往卻不再顯得那么有興致。
三、句型：
While most men seemed to … who … and ...---- the situation when transposed … showed the very men becoming …, sharing ….
Articles have appeared, including in Science, revealing some of the scientific and medical advances associated with slavery, such as the natural history collections derived from the transatlantic slave trade where Africans were shipped to the Americas as enslaved people whose labors became a driving force of the economies of the European colonies, or the cruel experimentation on enslaved women in the history of gynecology.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
Articles have appeared, …, …, ….
簡化后的成分是簡單句，主語是Articles，謂語是have appeared。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
Articles have appeared, including in Science, …, such as the natural history collectionsderived from the transatlantic slave trade…, ….
回補后的成分是動名詞短語作狀語從句，in Science是including的狀語，插入動名詞和賓語之間，such as…代詞加介詞短語作including的賓語，過去分詞短語derived …作collections的后置定語。
2.2 回補成分2：
Articles have appeared, including in Science, revealing some of the scientific and medical advances associated with slavery, such as the natural history collections …, ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語修飾謂語，revealing的賓語是some，介詞短語of the scientific and medical advances是后置定語修飾some，過去分詞短語associated with slavery是后置定語修飾advances。
2.3 回補成分3：
Articles have appeared, including in Science, revealing some of the scientific and medical advances associated with slavery, such as the natural history collections derived from the transatlantic slave trade where Africans were shipped to the Americas as enslaved people .…, ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是表示地點的定語從句，where是關系代詞，在從句中作狀語，Africans是主語，were shipped是謂語，to the Americas和as enslaved people都是介詞短語作狀語。
3. 還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
Articles have appeared, including in Science, revealing some of the scientific and medical advances associated with slavery, such as the natural history collections derived from the transatlantic slave trade where Africans were shipped to the Americas as enslaved people whose labors became a driving force of the economies of the European colonies, or the cruel experimentation on enslaved women in the history of gynecology.
最后回補還原的成分是people的后置定語，whose是關系代詞，在從句中作主語的定語，主語是labors，系動詞是became，表語是a driving force，后接介詞短語of …作定語，介詞of接并列賓語the economies和the cruel experimentation， 其后的介詞短語是各自的后置定語。
本句的特征是主句前置且很短，然后由現(xiàn)在分詞短語including和revealing作狀語引導后續(xù)疊加修飾成分形成尾部荷重的句子結構，其中第二個現(xiàn)在分詞短語revealing作為插入成分將including和such as … 分隔開來，以利于其后呈現(xiàn)疊加的修飾成分，同時也造成信息荷載偏大。
二、翻譯：
許多文章得以發(fā)表，揭示出某些科學和醫(yī)藥發(fā)展與奴隸制具有相關性，包括諸如《科學》期刊上的關于起源于跨大西洋的奴隸貿易的自然歷史文集，這種貿易使非洲人被當作受奴役的人船運到美洲，然后變成歐洲殖民地經濟，或者婦科學歷史上對于女性奴隸實施的殘酷實驗的驅動力量。
三、句型：
Articles have appeared, including in …, revealing …, such as… where Africans were shipped … whose labors became a driving force of …, or ….
The full cost of dealing with the crisis will run to hundreds of billions of dollars, which is why legal redress is needed—and why, unlike in tobacco settlements, the damages from pharma companies should go directly into alleviating the harm from opioids rather than into general government spending.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
The full cost… will run…, …, ….
簡化后的結構是簡單句，主語是The full cost，謂語是will run。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
The full cost of dealing with the crisis will run to hundreds of billions of dollars, …, ….
回補后的成分是介詞接動名詞短語作后置定語修飾主語cost，和介詞短語作主語修飾謂語。
2.2 回補成分2：
The full cost of dealing with the crisis will run to hundreds of billions of dollars, which is why legal redress is needed—and why, …, the damages from pharma companies should go directly….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是非限定性定語從句，which是關系代詞，作從句的主語。系動詞是is，表語是由兩個連接詞why引導并列從句，連接詞and連接兩個并列從句，主語分別是legal redress和the damages，謂語分別是is needed和should go，介詞短語from pharma companies作定語修飾the damages，副詞directly作狀語修飾謂語should go，破折號表示作進一步的解釋，不影響語法關系。
2.3 回補成分3：
The full cost of dealing with the crisis will run to hundreds of billions of dollars, which is why legal redress is needed—and why, unlike in tobacco settlements, the damages from pharma companies should go directly ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是第二個并列表語的狀語，形成插入成分，分隔連接詞why和從句的狀語。
3. 還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
The full cost of dealing with the crisis will run to hundreds of billions of dollars, which is why legal redress is needed—and why, unlike in tobacco settlements, the damages from pharma companies should go directly into alleviating the harm from opioids rather than into general government spending.
最后回補并還原的成分是第二個并列表語的由介詞into引導的狀語，前一個介詞接動名詞并賓語，介詞短語from opioids作定語修飾the harm，介詞短語rather than再接介詞短語into general government spending與前一個介詞短語into…形成對比。
本句的特征是非限定性定語從句含有并列表語，第二個并列表語偏長，修飾成分偏多，信息載荷偏大。
二、翻譯：
處理危機的全部耗費將高達數千億美元，這就是需要法律救濟的原因所在——而且與煙草的法律調解不同，這也是為什么來自制藥公司的損害賠償應該直接進行類罌粟堿損害減緩而非計入一般性政府支出的原因所在。
三、句型：
The full cost of … will run to hundreds of billions of ..., which is why …—and why, unlike …, the damages from … should go directlyinto … rather than into ….
He believes the problem lies in the anti-competitive practices of the Multiple Listing Service, through which nearly every broker in America lists and searches for homes, and the National Association of Realtors, a trade association with 1.3m broker members in America, which regulates it.
一、解析：
1. 簡化結構：快速確定主句和主句中的主語、謂語和賓語成分，刪除其它成分。
He believes…，…，….
簡化后的結構是簡單句，主語是He，謂語是believes，賓語是從句，為簡明計，暫省略。
2. 回補成分：根據語法結構、信息組塊和意義理解依次回補句子成分。
2.1 回補成分1：
He believes the problem lies in the anti-competitive practices of the Multiple Listing Service, …, and the National Association of Realtors, …, ….
回補后的成分是賓語從句，主語是the problem，謂語是lies，介詞短語in…作狀語修飾謂語，介詞of接并列賓語the Multiple Listing Service和the National Association of Realtors作定語修飾practices。
2.2 回補成分2：
He believes the problem lies in the anti-competitive practices of the Multiple Listing Service, through which nearly every broker in America lists and searches for homes, and the National Association of Realtors, …, ….
繼續(xù)回補的成分是非限定性定語從句其中which是關系代詞，作定語從句的前置介詞的賓語，主語是every broker，謂語是lists和searches，副詞nearly，介詞短語in America和for homes都是狀語。
3. 還原句子：回補最后一個成分并最終將長難句還原。
He believes the problem lies in the anti-competitive practices of the Multiple Listing Service, through which nearly every broker in America lists and searches for homes, and the National Association of Realtors, a trade association with 1.3m broker members in America, which regulates it.
最后回補并還原的成分是同位語和非限定性定語從句修飾the National Association of Realtors，介詞短語with…和非限定性定語從句都是作定語修飾association。
二、翻譯：
他相信問題的癥結在于實施了房產多重登記服務和美國房地產經紀人協(xié)會的反競爭行規(guī)，前者可以使幾乎每個美國經紀人登記和查詢房產，后者暨擁有一千三百萬經紀人成員的行業(yè)協(xié)會對前者進行規(guī)范。
三、句型：
He believes the problem lies in …, through which … and …, a trade association with …, which regulates it.
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