從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明名或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的詞或一組詞.有:形容詞(放名詞前)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的從句或短詞(放名詞后)、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句和句子等。翻譯成:…的
定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句,充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。指通過(guò)關(guān)系代名詞法構(gòu)成,句法功能多是做定語(yǔ)(定語(yǔ)從句),其實(shí)也可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)等其他成分,所以使用"關(guān)系從句"這一術(shù)語(yǔ)
有限制性關(guān)系從句:起限定作用,修飾特定的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ),人:who、whom、whose/that, 物:which/that, 地點(diǎn):where, as, than等【不點(diǎn)逗號(hào), 關(guān)系緊密】 what可指人,也可以指物
Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students.
His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.
The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom.
There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.
This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.
非限制性關(guān)系從句: 起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,有時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句或狀語(yǔ)從句,表達(dá)原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等意義。關(guān)系詞as正如,which, who, whom, whose【點(diǎn)了逗號(hào),關(guān)系不緊密,不用that】
通常位于它所修飾的詞(組)之后。被關(guān)系從句修飾的詞(組)叫做先行詞,引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句的詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞指代先行詞并在關(guān)系從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。
通常位于被修飾成分前。修飾some,any,every,no復(fù)合不定代詞(something、nothing);或不定式;分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ);從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí),則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。
定語(yǔ)從句不能用what引導(dǎo)
特殊關(guān)系從句名詞性關(guān)系從句又叫自由關(guān)系從句,結(jié)構(gòu)上不含有先行詞,它的關(guān)系詞同時(shí)扮演了關(guān)系詞和先行詞的角色,因此名詞性關(guān)系從句的關(guān)系詞又叫縮合連接代詞。
I like what I see.(what I see是名詞性關(guān)系從句,它沒(méi)先行詞,與此同時(shí)縮合連接代詞what又直接充當(dāng)了like的賓語(yǔ)。what可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)義解釋為 the thing(s) that 或 the person(s) that
嵌入式關(guān)系從句是較復(fù)雜的關(guān)系從句,既是先行詞的后置定語(yǔ),又是另一結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)。She has an adopted child who she says was an orphan. (an adopted child同時(shí)又是she says的賓語(yǔ))
雙重關(guān)系從句指兩個(gè)關(guān)系從句修飾同一個(gè)先行詞的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。You can easily find us,just look for a house whose windows need washing and whose fence needs repairing!
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