現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞done構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞have說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞done是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。
2.用法
?。?）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常和just、already、yet 等副詞連用。如：
---Have you had dinner yet?你（已經(jīng)）吃晚飯了嗎？
---Yes，I have. I've just had it. 我剛剛吃過(guò)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在我不餓了）
（2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常和for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：He has livedin Beijing since 2001.
他自從2001年就住在北京了。（可能還要繼續(xù)住下去）
（3）表示說(shuō)話(huà)前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有ever，never，twice，three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
如： I have been to Shanghai three times.我去過(guò)上海三次。
3．結(jié)構(gòu)
1）陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋have/has（not）+過(guò)去分詞＋其它。
have not=haven't has not=hasn't.
2）一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have(Has )＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞＋其它。
3）特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋have(has) +主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞＋其它。
例如：She has already seen the film.
She hasn’t seen the film yet.
Has she seen the film yet?
Yes，she has./ No，she hasn't.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。有 already，yet，since，for，ever，never，just，before，up to now等。
如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。
I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
We have studied English for three years. 我們（開(kāi)始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。
5.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)
?。?）have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別：have been to表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于各人稱(chēng)；have gone (to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱(chēng)，前者可與once，never，several times 等連用，后者則不能。
如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。
如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years. 他父親去世已有三年了?！ ?/span>
（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒?！ 【氁痪殻?/span>
一、用since和for填空。
1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.
3. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country 1974.
二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。---詞形大“變態(tài)”。
1. He (live) in Beijing since he was born.
2. My friend, Chang Li, (buy) a new car last week.
3. We (not hear) from them for a long time.
4. I (not read) the book before.
5. Mother (make) me a new coat yesterday.
6. I (see) him go into the hotel just now.
答案見(jiàn)下期
上一期答案：
A、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1) It_was__( be ) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2) __Are___they going to_sweep___ ( sweep ) the floor on Sunday? No，they__aren’t___.
3) We all__had___ ( have ) a good time last night.
4) Jim __is___going to plant( plant) trees tomorrow.
5) She likes__reading___newspapers，but she __read___a book yesterday. ( read ).
6) He __is playing__football now，but they __played__basketball just now.( play ) .
7) I _am__going to watch( watch ) a cartoon next Monday.
B、按要求改寫(xiě)句子。
1) My father came to the shop just now.（改為否定句）
My father___didn’t __ __come__ to the shop just now.
2）I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）
__Are_ __you__ __going__ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
3) Their teacher told them a story yesterday.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）
_What_ __did_ their teacher___tell__them yesterday?
4）She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）
__What__ __is___ she__going___ __to___ ___do__ after school?
5) David and Liu Tao did their homework together a moment ago.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）
_Did__ David and Liu Tao_do_ __their_ homework together _just_ _now_.
