這里只是羅列一下筆者所講解、遇到并查證的31個【除了…】語義的介詞（或連詞）詞語，至于比如but，except什么情形下后接to do, do, doing；except與except for的差異（何時用于句首、后接介詞短語），but, except, except for, besides, in addition to等的使用差異，是另外更為細(xì)節(jié)的話題。
bar，barring，beyond，but，but for，except，except for
excepting，with the exception of，excluding，
exclusive of，to the exclusion of
outside，outside of，save，save for，saving
short of，otherwise than（或no (never)…other than）
among others, among other things/places
as well as，besides，in addition to
on top of，over and above，along with，together with，next to
apart from，aside from，other than
細(xì)化一下。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第152頁bar prep.詞條
bar prep. Brit: except for; barring除…以外；不包括
They have lost every month, bar one.
除了一場比賽他們每場比賽都輸了。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第157頁barring詞條
barring: other than (someone or something): except除…之外
No one, barring the magician himself, knows how the trick is done.
除了魔術(shù)師本人之外，沒人知道這個戲法是怎么完成的。
《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第178頁beyond詞條
beyond: used in negative sentences to mean ‘except’（用于否定句）除…以外
I know nothing about him beyond the fact that he used to work for the government.
除了知道他過去為政府工作外，我對他一無所知。
She had no income beyond what she could earn as a waitress.
除了當(dāng)服務(wù)員掙的錢外，她沒有其他收入。
but與否定詞no one, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere連用；
but和不定代詞或副詞all, every, everybody, everything, anybody, anything, anywhere連用；
but與first, second, next last等連用
but與動詞do, does, did或can, could, have, will等詞語nothing but連用，用不帶to的不定式，而其他動詞后則帶to的動詞不定式。
《劍橋高級英語語法》（第二版中文版）第188頁Unit 91表達(dá)排除意義
but可以用作except (for)的意思，尤其在no, nobody和nothing等否定詞之后：
Immediately after the operation he could see nothing but/except (for)/apart from vague shadows.
There was no way out but/except/apart from upwards, towards the light.
《柯林斯高級英語用法詞典》第304頁except詞條but
在all或以every-或any-開頭的詞之后，可用but代替except。
The great ship capsized, carrying her Admiral and all but a handful of her crew to the bottom.
載著海軍上將和大多數(shù)船員的那艘大船沉沒到了海底。
It is no longer respectable to marry for anything but love.
為愛情之外的東西而結(jié)婚已經(jīng)不再值得尊敬了。
《英語語法大全》（倫道夫·夸克等著）第972頁
否定的條件：but for
9.59 but for不是用來表示例外，而是表示“某種否定的條件”：
But for Gordon, we would have lost the match.
(“If it hadn’t been for Gordon., “If Gordon hadn’t played as he did…,”等)
《劍橋高級英語語法》（第二版中文版）第188頁Unit 91表達(dá)排除意義
but for和except for意思不同，but for用來說明如果but for引導(dǎo)的事情沒有發(fā)生，某件事可能會發(fā)生。
The country would now be self-sufficient in food but for the drought last year.
(= if there hadn’t been the drought…)
But for the leg injury he suffered last year, he would probably have been picked for the national team by now. (= if he hadn’t injured his leg…)
但是，也有人以與but for同樣的方式使用except for，特別是在非正式英語口語中：
I’d have got there on time except for the taxi being late.
（或…but for the taxi being late.）
Except for the problems with my computer, I would have got the book finished weeks ago.
（或But for the problems with my computer…）
except表示“把…除外（不包括）”，是指把except后面的人或物要排除在外。
《牛津英語用法指南》（第三版）第278頁194 except和except for
I’ve cleaned the house except for the bathroom.
我已經(jīng)把房子打掃了一遍，除了浴室意外地。
The garden was empty except for one small bird. 花園里空蕩蕩的，只有一只小鳥。
except (for)用在all，any前面
在all, any, every, no, everything, anybody, nowhere, nobody, whole這類概括性的詞語后面，常常省略for。
I’ve cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom.
我已經(jīng)把所有的房間都打掃了一遍，除了浴室以外。
He ate everything on his plate except (for) the beans.
他把盒子里的東西都吃了，除了豆子以外。
Nobody came except (for) John and Mary. 除了約翰和瑪麗以外，誰也沒有來。
但用在all等詞語前面時，for不能省略。
Except for John and Mary, nobody came. 除了約翰和瑪麗以外，誰也沒有來。
（不能說：Except John and Mary, nobody came.）
介詞和連詞前面用except，不用except for。
It’s the same everywhere except in Scotland.
哪里都是一個樣，除了在英格蘭。（不能說：…except for in Scotland.）
He’s good-looking except when he smiles. 他很英俊，可是一笑就走樣了。
This room is no use except as a storeroom. 這間屋子除了作倉庫外沒什么用。
The holiday was nice except that there wasn’t enough snow.
假期過得不錯，只是雪下得不夠。
except (for)后面用賓格代詞，不用主格代詞。
Everybody understood except (for) me. 人人都懂，只有我不懂。（不能說：…except I.）
We’re all ready except (for) her. 除了她以外，我們都準(zhǔn)備好了。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第731頁except詞條
except for 1): not including (someone or something); other than (someone or something)不包括；除…外
I got As on my report card, except for a B in Latin.
除了拉丁語得了B，我的成績單上都是A。
Except for that one typo, there were no mistakes. 除了那處打字錯誤，再沒有其他錯誤了。
Everyone was invited except for (= but) me. 除我以外，所有人都受到了邀請。
《COBUILD英漢雙解詞典》第617頁except詞條
excepting除…外
He was the only human male for a couple of miles around (exceptingan old stone-deaf handyman). 他是方圓數(shù)英里之內(nèi)唯一的男人（除了一個又老又聾的雜務(wù)工之外）。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第731頁except詞條
except, also excepting不包括，除…外
The stores will be open daily except Sundays.
這些商店除了星期天每天都營業(yè)。
Excepting (= with the exception of) one student, no one could answer the questions correctly.
除了一名學(xué)生外，沒有人能答對這些問題。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第709頁exception詞條
with the exception of: except; not including除…之外；不包括…在內(nèi)
All his novels are set in Italy with the exception of his last.
他的小說除最后一部外全是以意大利為背景。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第711頁excluding詞條
excluding prep. not including不包括；除…外
Lunch costs ￡10 per person, excluding drinks. 午餐每人10英鎊，酒水除外。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第712頁exclusive詞條
exclusive of sb/sth: not including sb/sth不包括；不算；除…外
The price is for accommodation only, exclusive of meals.
此價只包括住宿，飯費除外。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第711頁exclusion詞條
exclusion (of sb/sth)排斥；排除在外
Memories of the past filled her mind to the exclusion of all else.
她滿腦子全是對過去的回憶，其他事情都不想了。
《美國傳統(tǒng)英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第792頁outside詞條
outside prep. except除了
We have no information outside the figures already given.
除了已有數(shù)字，我們沒有別的信息。
《劍橋高階英漢雙解詞典》第1550頁outside詞條
outside of（主美）: except for除了；除…之外
Outside of us three, no one knows anything about the problem, yet.
除了我們3個，別人對這個問題都還毫不知情。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1833頁save詞條
save prep. (also save for) (old use or formal) except sth除了；除…外
They knew nothing about her save her name. 除名字外，他們對她一無所知。
《COBUILD英漢雙解詞典》第1727頁save詞條9
save（正式）除…外
No visitors are allowed save in the most exceptional cases.
除極特殊的情況外，一律謝絕客人來訪。
《COBUILD英漢雙解詞典》第1727頁save詞條9
save for除了；除去
The curtained stage was empty save for a few pieces of furniture.
戲幕落下后舞臺空蕩蕩的，只剩下幾件家具。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第1847頁save詞條
save for: not including (sb or sth); except for (sb or sth)除去
The park was deserted save for a few joggers. 公園里空蕩蕩的，只有幾個慢跑者。
《牛津英漢雙解大詞典·插圖版》第899頁saving詞條
saving prep. except除…之外
all saving that one除了那個之外，全都…
《牛津英漢雙解大詞典·插圖版》第899頁save詞條
save conj. （常后接for）unless; but; except除了…外；只是；除非
is well save that he has a cold除了有點感冒，他一切安好
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1833頁save詞條
save: conj. (old use or formal) except除了
They found out nothing more save that she had borne a child.
他們只查到她生過一個孩子，其他情況一無所知。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第1847頁save詞條
save conj. formal: except
Little is known about his early years save that he left home when he was very young.
關(guān)于他早年的事人們知之甚少，只知道他年幼離家。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第1925頁short詞條
short of: except for (something)除了
Short of replacing the motor, I have tried everything to fix the car.
除了更換發(fā)動機(jī)，我已試過所有的辦法來修這輛車。
《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1927頁short詞條
short of sth: except for or unless除了…除非…
I don’t see any answer, short of selling the house.
除了買房子之外，我想不出任何解決辦法。
《英漢多功能學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第1045頁otherwise詞條
otherwise than…（通常用于否定句）除了用…方法外（不能）
We can’t get there otherwise than by car. 我們只能開車去那里。
《英漢大詞典》（第2版 陸谷孫主編）第2099頁than詞條
no other than（加強(qiáng)語氣用）除…外沒有，只有
The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender. 被打敗的敵人只得投降。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第1852頁other詞條14
other than（用于否定陳述后）除了…以外
She makes no reference to any feminist workother than her own.
除了自己的之外，她沒有提及其他女權(quán)主義著作。
The journey by road to Wolverhampton is not recommended to anyone other thanthe most experienced cyclist.
除了經(jīng)驗非常豐富的自行車手外，建議其他人不要走去伍爾弗漢普頓的那條路。
《牛津英漢雙解大詞典·插圖版》1058頁than詞條2
than（前接other, otherwise, rather）除…（之外）
anyone other than me could have done it除了我任何人都會這樣做
a preference for watching rather than participating 寧愿旁觀，而不愿參與
has no aim other than to win一心想贏
第二：附加、添加、補(bǔ)充9個
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第66頁among詞條5
Among other things she was president of her college class.
此外，她還是大學(xué)班級的班長。
She met with the company’s president and vice president, among others.
除了其他人，她還會見了公司總裁和副總裁。
《COBUILD英漢雙解詞典》第1365頁other詞條
among other things, among others除了別的以外；其中，包括
Your father is—among other things—a very private person.
你父親——除了別的特點以外——還是一個很不喜歡交際的人。
Professor Barry, among others, has drawn attention to this problem.
除了別的人，巴里教授也提請人們注意這一問題。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第2375頁as well as詞條
as well (as): in addition to someone or something else也；又；還
You bought a new car? I bought one as well. (= also, too)
你買了輛新車嗎？我也買了一輛。
He is loyal, and brave as well. = He is brave as well as loyal.
(= He is brave and also loyal) 他既勇敢又忠誠。
The coach, as well as the team, is ready. 教練和球隊都已就位。
She is good at softball as well as basketball. 她擅長壘球，籃球打得也很好。
注意besides在否定句中卻與except的含義相同。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第174頁besides詞條
besides prep. in addition to sb/sth; apart from sb/sth除…之外（還）
We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音樂，我們還有很多共通點。
Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
除了當(dāng)醫(yī)生之外，他在業(yè)余時間還寫小說。
I’ve got no family besides my parents. 除了父母外，我沒有其他親人。
《韋氏高階美語英漢雙解詞典》第20頁addition詞條
in addition: besides; also此外；也
She can sing, and, in addition, she can dance. 她會唱歌，而且還會跳舞。
in addition to: as well as; besides除…之外
In addition to being a singer, she’s a dancer. 她不但會唱歌，而且能跳舞。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第2204頁top詞條
on top of sth/sb: in addition to sth除…之外
He gets commission on top of his salary. 他除了薪金之外還拿傭金。
On top of everything else, my car’s been stolen.
我所有的東西都被盜，連汽車也給偷走了。
《韋氏高階美語英漢雙解詞典》第174頁besides詞條
besides: prep. over and above; in addition to除…之外（還）
Besides his mother he has a sister to support.
除了他的母親以外，他還有一個妹妹要養(yǎng)活。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第1462頁over詞條
over and above: in addition to sth此外；另外
There are other factors over and above those we have discussed.
除了我們所討論的之外，還有其他因素。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第1479頁over詞條
over and above: in addition to (sth); along with (sth)此外；另外
Over and above the fact that I don’t like cats, I am allergic to them.
我不喜歡貓，除此之外，我還對貓過敏。
We each received a bonus over and above our regular paychecks.
我們除了正常的工資外，每人還得到一筆獎金。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第59頁along詞條
along with: in addition to (sth or sb)除…之外；還有
a plane carrying heavy radar equipment along with full fuel tanks
一架載有沉重的雷達(dá)設(shè)備和慢慢幾箱燃料的飛機(jī)
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第56頁along詞條
along with sb/sth:
in addition to sb/sth; in the same way as sb/sth除…以外（還）；與…同樣地
She lost her job when the factory closed, along with hundreds of others.
工廠倒閉時，她和成千上萬的其他人一樣失去了工作。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第2199頁together詞條
together with: including包括…在內(nèi)
Together with the Johnson, there were 12 of us in the villa.
包括約翰遜一家在內(nèi)，別墅里總共有我們12個人。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第2215頁together詞條
together with: in addition to (sb or sth)除…之外（還）；連同
Together with myself and my husband, four people will be attending.
除了我和我丈夫外，還將有四人出席。
The comment, together with (=along with) her expression, suggested that she was very upset.
那句評論以及她的表情都表明她十分心煩。
The fingerprint together with the other evidence was enough to prove that he was there.
指紋連同另外一項證據(jù)足以證明他當(dāng)時在現(xiàn)場。
《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1401頁next to詞條2
next to: used for showing that you are not including the person or thing that is really the best, biggest, worst etc when you are making a comparison除了；僅次于
Next to John, Jamie is my best friend. 除了約翰，杰米是我最好的朋友。
《現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典》（修訂版 張道真主編）第978頁next to詞條2
next to僅次于，除…之外
New York is the largest next to London.
Next to soccer, I like playing tennis best.
Next to his family, baseball was his greatest love.
《韋氏高階美語英漢雙解詞典》第1298頁next詞條
next to: aside from除…外
Next to me, you’re the best. 除我之外，你是最好的。
第三：相當(dāng)于except + besides 3個
《美國傳統(tǒng)英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第46頁apart詞條
apart from: other than; aside from除…外；撇開
Apart from a little rain, we had fine weather on our vacation.
除了零星小雨，我們度假時天氣很好。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第83頁apart詞條
apart from 1. not including (sth); with the exception of (sth)除…以外
The potatoes were a little salty, but apart from (= except for) that, the food was very good.
土豆有點咸，但除此之外，這些吃的很美味。
apart from 2. other than (sth); besides此外；而且；除了…還
Apart from his work, his only real interest is baseball.
除了工作，他唯一真正的興趣是棒球。
The work has value in itself, quite apart from the good effects it produces.
除了能產(chǎn)生良好的效果外，這個工作本身也有價值。
I don’t like it. Apart from anything else, it’s too expensive.
我不喜歡它。而且，它還太貴了。
《美國傳統(tǒng)英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》第59頁aside詞條
aside from: apart from; except for除…之外
Aside from a miracle, nothing can save her.
除非有奇跡，否則什么也救不了她。
《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第107頁aside詞條
aside from 1. not including (sth); with the exception of (sth)除了
Aside from (= apart from, except for) a few pieces of bread, the food is gone.
除了幾片面包，什么食物都沒了。
The movie has been praised by most people, aside from a few critics who have called its happy ending trite and predictable. 那部電影獲得了多數(shù)人的贊譽(yù)，只有少數(shù)幾個評論家認(rèn)為該片的圓滿結(jié)局有些落入俗套。
aside from 2. in addition to (sth); besides此外（還）
Aside from being well written, the book is also beautifully illustrated.
這本書不僅寫得好，還配有精美的插圖。
《麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典》第1473頁other詞條
other than: in addition to sb or sth除…之外（還）
Are you studying any science subjects other than chemistry?
除了化學(xué)以外，你還修別的理科課程嗎？
other than: except for sb or sth除了…外
I had no ambitions other than to have a happy life and be free.
除了希望生活幸福、自由自在之外，我沒有別的追求。
《劍橋高階英漢雙解詞典》第1542頁other詞條
other than（正式）different from or except不同于；除了
Holidays other than those in this brochure do not have free places for children.
介紹手冊上規(guī)定節(jié)假日小孩座位不免費。
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself. （高考考查過本句）
除了你本人，誰也不能在這張表格上簽字。
other than（正式）（用于否定句）除了
There’s nothing on TV tonight, other than rubbish. 今晚的電視除了垃圾，再沒別的了。
這里也沒有包括比如not counting，in/into the bargain類相當(dāng)于副詞的一些結(jié)構(gòu)。
《COBUILD英漢雙解詞典》第425頁count詞條10
not countingmeans not including不把…計算在內(nèi)
…36,600,000 Americans (not counting children less than one year old).
…3660萬美國人（不包括一歲以下的兒童）。
《朗文當(dāng)代高級英語辭典》第五版第551頁count詞條
count把…計算在內(nèi)；包括
There are more than two thousand of us, not countingthe crew.
我們有兩千多人，不包括工作人員在內(nèi)。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第八版第462頁count詞條
We have invited 50 people, not counting the children. 不算小孩，我們邀請了50人。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典第八版》bargain詞條
into the bargain（美in the bargain）（強(qiáng)調(diào)額外的信息）另外；而且；也
Volunteers learn a lot and enjoy themselves into the bargain.
志愿者在學(xué)到很多東西的同時還能得到很多樂趣。
《朗文當(dāng)代高級英語辭典》第五版第171頁bargain詞條
into the bargain（又作in the bargain美）in addition to everything else此外，外加，而且
I am now tired, cold, and hungry, with a headache into the bargain.
我現(xiàn)在又累又冷又餓，而且還頭痛。
2017年12月15日（見仁見智，歡迎實例補(bǔ)充）
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