配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
你對(duì)美軍的陸軍編制體系了解嗎？你知道在英語(yǔ)中，軍師旅團(tuán)營(yíng)該怎么表達(dá)嗎？你知道那些在原版戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)電影中耳熟能詳?shù)膕quad, company, corps, lieutenant, sergeant具體是指什么嗎？
學(xué)習(xí)完這期內(nèi)容，相信你一定會(huì)對(duì)美國(guó)陸軍編制有進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，也能夠用地道的英文介紹軍隊(duì)的結(jié)構(gòu)編成！OK, let's get started ...
The elements in the organizational chart for the U.S. Army span from the individual soldier all the way to the largest building block commonly used, the Corps. In between are the intermediate elements of Army organization, including the squad, platoon, company, battalion, brigade and division.
As you move through the organization, the elements become larger and also encompass more combat support units.
美國(guó)陸軍組織結(jié)構(gòu)圖包含的元素很廣，從單兵一直到規(guī)模最大的組成部分—兵團(tuán)。單兵和兵團(tuán)之間則是陸軍架構(gòu)的中間組成部分，包括班、排、連、營(yíng)、旅和師。
這些編制逐級(jí)增大，而且編制規(guī)模越大，所包含的戰(zhàn)斗支援部隊(duì)就越多。
U.S. Army Military Organization
--- from Fire Team to Field Army / Group
美國(guó)陸軍組織結(jié)構(gòu) — 從火力組到野戰(zhàn)軍/軍團(tuán)
Fire Team
A Fire Teams is comprised of 2 Riflemen, one being the Team Leader, a Grenadier, and an Automatic Rifleman used when small recon or special missions are required. Led by a sergeant.
火力組
火力組由2名步槍兵組成，1名擲彈兵和1名自動(dòng)步槍兵。2名步槍兵中一名擔(dān)任組長(zhǎng)，只有當(dāng)需要進(jìn)行小型偵察或特殊任務(wù)時(shí)才使用自動(dòng)步槍兵?；鹆M由一名中士指揮。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Squad/section
A squad, which is the smallest element in the Army structure, is typically made up of four to 10 soldiers and normally is commanded by a sergeant or staff sergeant. Some units have two squads that made up a section, commanded by a staff sergeant.
班/小隊(duì)
作為美國(guó)陸軍架構(gòu)中最小的組成元素，一個(gè)班通常由4到10個(gè)士兵組成，由一名中士或上士指揮。某些部隊(duì)安排2個(gè)班組成一個(gè)小隊(duì)，并由一名上士指揮。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Platoon
Normally, a platoon includes 16 to 44 soldiers and is led by a lieutenant with an NCO as second in command. A platoon usually consists of three to four squads or sections.
排
通常情況下，一個(gè)排包含16至44名士兵，由一名中尉指揮，并由一名士官擔(dān)任副指揮。一個(gè)排通常由3到4個(gè)班或小隊(duì)組成。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Company
A company contains three to five platoons and a total of 60 to 200 soldiers. It's commanded by a captain with a first sergeant as the commander's principal NCO assistant. If the element is an artillery unit, it's called a battery rather than a company. If it's armored or air cavalry, it's called a troop. A company is a tactical sized unit and can perform a battlefield function on its own.
連
一個(gè)連包含3到5個(gè)排，編制總數(shù)約60到200名士兵，由一名上尉指揮，并有一名士官長(zhǎng)擔(dān)任連指揮官的首席士官助手。如果這個(gè)連是炮兵單位，則稱為炮兵連（battery）。如果是裝甲兵或者空騎兵，就稱之為騎兵連（troop）。連是基本戰(zhàn)術(shù)分隊(duì)，能夠獨(dú)立執(zhí)行作戰(zhàn)任務(wù)。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Battalion
This encompasses four to six companies and between 300 and 1,000 soldiers. A battalion normally is commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and a command sergeant major serves as principal NCO assistant. A battalion can conduct independent operations, if they're of limited scope and duration, and operates its own administration. An armored or air cavalry unit of equivalent size is known as a squadron.
營(yíng)
營(yíng)包含4到6個(gè)連，編有300到1000名士兵不等，通常由一名中校指揮，并有一名指揮軍士長(zhǎng)作為首席士官助手。如果達(dá)到一定的規(guī)模和自我維持時(shí)間，并且能夠獨(dú)立行管，這個(gè)營(yíng)就能獨(dú)立執(zhí)行任務(wù)。相同規(guī)模的裝甲或空騎兵部隊(duì)被稱為中隊(duì)。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Brigade
A brigade includes 1,500 to 3,200 soldiers, and a brigade headquarters commands the tactical operation of two to five combat battalions. Brigades normally are employed on independent or semi-independent operations, and normally are commanded by a colonel with a command sergeant major as senior NCO. In some cases, a brigadier general may assume command. Armored cavalry, ranger and special forces units in this size range are called regiments instead of brigades.
旅
旅編制人數(shù)為1500到3200不等。旅指揮部負(fù)責(zé)指揮2到5個(gè)戰(zhàn)斗營(yíng)的戰(zhàn)術(shù)行動(dòng)。旅通常從事獨(dú)立或半獨(dú)立行動(dòng)，由一名上校擔(dān)任指揮官，并有一名指揮軍士長(zhǎng)作為首席士官助手。在某些情況下，指揮官可能由一名準(zhǔn)將擔(dān)任。此規(guī)模的裝甲騎兵部隊(duì)、游騎兵部隊(duì)和特種部隊(duì)通常被稱為團(tuán)，而不是旅。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Division
A division, with 10,000 to 16,000 soldiers, usually consists of three brigade-sized elements and is commanded by a major general, who is assisted by two brigadier generals. It can conduct major tactical operations and sustained battlefield operations and engagements. Divisions are numbered and are assigned missions based on their structures.
師
師編有10000到16000名士兵，通常由3個(gè)旅規(guī)模的部隊(duì)單元組成，指揮官由少將擔(dān)任，并有2名準(zhǔn)將參與協(xié)助。師能夠執(zhí)行主要的戰(zhàn)術(shù)任務(wù)、持續(xù)的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)行動(dòng)和交火任務(wù)。師都有自己的編號(hào)，并根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)指派任務(wù)。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Corps
A corps includes 20,000 to 45,000 soldiers and is made up of two to five divisions. It's normally commanded by a lieutenant general, who is assisted by a command sergeant major. The corps provides the framework for modern multi-national operations.
軍/兵團(tuán)
軍編制大約20000到45000名士兵，由2到5個(gè)師組成，指揮官通常為中將，并由一名指揮軍士長(zhǎng)參與協(xié)助。兵團(tuán)為現(xiàn)代化多國(guó)行動(dòng)提供了框架。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Field army
A field army combines two or more corps, with 50,000 or more soldiers, and is typically commanded by a lieutenant general or higher-ranking officer.
野戰(zhàn)軍/集團(tuán)軍
野戰(zhàn)軍通常包含2個(gè)或更多的軍,編有50000人或更多，指揮官通常由中將或更高級(jí)別的指揮官擔(dān)任。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Army Groups
The U.S. Army hasn't used Army Groups since World War II.
軍團(tuán)
美國(guó)陸軍二戰(zhàn)后不再設(shè)立軍團(tuán)編制。
配圖來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
The Army hasn't set a specific size to any specific element in its organizational chart. Instead, the number of soldiers in any given element of command depends on the type of unit involved and its mission.
美國(guó)陸軍在其組成框架中并沒有給任何編制限定人數(shù)規(guī)模。所有建制單位的編制數(shù)量往往取決于其包含的部隊(duì)類別和具體任務(wù)。
文章涉及的重點(diǎn)詞匯：
文章詞匯朗讀 來(lái)自軍事英語(yǔ)ABC 00:00 02:20
corps: 軍團(tuán) 英[k?:r] 美[k?:]
*via French, from the Latin corpus 'body', so you can’t pronounce ”ps”. It’s common sense that we can’t pronounce “s” which at the end of a sentence, such as “Louis”, “Charles”, “Paris”…
squad: 班;隊(duì) 英[skw?d] 美[skwɑ:d]
platoon: 排 英[pl??tu:n] 美[pl??tun]
company: 連 英[?k?mp?ni] 美[?k?mp?ni]
battalion: 營(yíng) 英[b??t?li?n] 美[b??t?lj?n]
brigade: 旅 英[br??ge?d] 美[br??ɡe?d]
division: 師 英[d??v??n] 美[d??v???n]
affiliation: 聯(lián)系 英[??f?li?e??n] 美[??f?li?e??n]
headquarters: 司令部；指揮部 英[?hed?kw?:t?z] 美[?hedkw?:rt?rz]
grenadier: 擲彈兵，精銳士兵 英[?gren??d??(r)] 美[?gren??d?r]
sergeant: 中士 英[?sɑ:d??nt] 美[?sɑ:rd??nt]
lieutenant: 陸軍中尉；海軍上尉 英[lef?ten?nt] 美[lu:?ten?nt]
*Pronunciation [lef] may come from Old French
artillery: 炮 英[ɑ:?t?l?ri] 美[ɑ:r?t?l?ri]
battery: 炮臺(tái)；炮位 英[?b?tri] 美[?b?t?ri]
armored: 裝甲 英['ɑ:m?d] 美['ɑ:m?d]
cavalry: 騎兵 英[?k?vlri] 美[?k?v?lri]
tactical: 戰(zhàn)術(shù)的；策略的 英[?t?kt?kl] 美[?t?kt?k?l]
colonel: 上校 英[?k?:nl] 美[?k?:rnl]
squadron: 中隊(duì) 英[?skw?dr?n] 美[?skwɑ:dr?n]
regiment: 團(tuán) 英[?red??m?nt] 美[?r?d??m?nt]
最后，讓我們來(lái)看一段有關(guān)美軍陸軍軍官的宣傳片吧！
高清請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊“閱讀原文”跳轉(zhuǎn)B站觀看，
或發(fā)送“infantry”至公眾號(hào)獲取鏈接！
視頻涉及的重點(diǎn)詞匯：（獲取朗讀錄音文件，請(qǐng)發(fā)送“voice”至后臺(tái)公眾號(hào)）
Infantry: 步兵 英[??nf?ntri] 美[??nf?ntri]
centerpiece: 核心；餐桌中央裝飾品 英['sent?pi:s] 美['sent??pi:s]
excel: 優(yōu)于；擅長(zhǎng) 英[?k?sel] 美[?k?s?l]
maneuver: 機(jī)動(dòng)；演習(xí)；策略 英[m?'nu:v?] 美[m??nuv?, -?nju-]
evolve: 發(fā)展；使進(jìn)化 英[i?v?lv] 美[i?vɑ:lv]
multi-faceted: 多方面的、多元化的 英[m?l't?f'?s?t?d] 美[m?l't?f'?s?t?d]
light infantry: 輕步兵
airassault and airborne forces: 空中突擊和空降部隊(duì)
mechanized infantry: 機(jī)械化步兵
special operations forces: 特種部隊(duì)
alternate: 交替的；輪流的 英[?:l?t?:n?t] 美[??:lt?rn?t]:
operating force: 控制力
generating force: 生產(chǎn)力
expertise: 專門知識(shí)或技能 英[?eksp?:?ti:z] 美[?eksp?:r?ti:z]
collaborate: 合作；協(xié)作 英[k??l?b?re?t] 美[k??l?b??ret]
austere: 嚴(yán)峻的；嚴(yán)厲的 英[??st??(r)] 美[?:?st?r]
grit: 勇氣 英[gr?t] 美[ɡr?t]
resilience: 彈力；快速恢復(fù)的能力 英[r??z?li?ns] 美[r??z?lj?ns]
grind: 磨練 英[gra?nd] 美[gra?nd]
unorthodox: 不正統(tǒng)的 英[?n??:θ?d?ks] 美[?n??:rθ?dɑ:ks]
deviate: 脫離；越軌 英[?di:vie?t] 美[?divi?et]
tactically sound: 戰(zhàn)術(shù)上可行的
prioritize: 優(yōu)先處理；按重要性排列；劃分優(yōu)先順序 英[pra???r?ta?z] 美[pra???:r?ta?z]
dexterity: 靈巧，機(jī)敏 英[dek?ster?ti] 美[d?k?st?r?ti]
根據(jù)視頻里的內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)大家思考下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1. What qualities help infantry leaders to succeed in any mission?
2. What would infantry officers be afforded as they approach mid-career?
3. What kind of people are suitable for infantry?
KEY:
1. Physically fit, mentally tough, good at solving problems, innovative, being a multi-tasker and bodily-kinesthetic.
2. Infantry officers are afforded opportunities to pursue graduate education and develop expertise suiting them for leadership.
3. Those who are strongly determined, ready for challenges, and eager to be a leader and solve problems.
翻譯&文案 / 邵宇超
詞匯整理 / 酈弈帆
視頻編輯 / 蔡亦李
策劃&審校 / JACKY
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