一、專題精講
【用法講解】
概念解釋：
復(fù)合句與簡單句相對，初中階段的復(fù)合句包括賓語從句，定語從句和狀語從句。
用法：
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。常用的連接詞有：that, if, whether, what, which, who, whom, when, where, how, why等。
（一）賓語從句的種類
賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。
【舉例】He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how
引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。
【舉例】Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
【舉例】I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
但在下列情況下只能用whether：
①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．
（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．
（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我們是去還是留。
?、谠?span>介詞之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．
我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。
?、墼?span>不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。
I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．
他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。
?、?span>whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．這是否真的我說不上來。
?、?span>引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。
⑥若用if會引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解為：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。
b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。
（二）賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。
【舉例】I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
（三）賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。
【舉例】I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。
【舉例】He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【舉例】Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
特別提醒 賓語從句的人稱要遵循“一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱不更新”的原則。如下表：
直接引語的主語
變?yōu)殚g接引語后
第一人稱
與主句的主語一致
第二人稱
與主句的賓語一致
第三人稱
不變
感嘆句
考點(diǎn)一 ：由What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
其結(jié)構(gòu)為:What+a(an)+形容詞+名詞+(主語+謂語)
【舉例】
What an interesting story it is !多有趣的故事啊!
What a lovely day it is!多好的天氣啊!
What interesting books they are!多有趣的書啊!
What bad weather it is!多壞的天氣啊!
What a beautiful girl!多漂亮的女孩啊!
在口語中,這類感嘆句有時(shí)常省略主語和謂語,如：
What a big fish!多大的一條語啊
What a pretty girl!多秀麗的女孩啊!
What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鳥啊!
考點(diǎn)二：由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。
其結(jié)構(gòu)為:How+形容詞/(副詞)+主語+謂語!
【舉例】
How big the dining room is!餐廳真大啊!
How lovely the girls are!這些女孩真可愛!
How beautiful those flowers are!這些花真美啊!
How well she dances!她跳得真好呀!
How hard he studies!他學(xué)習(xí)多么努力啊!
How carefully Li Yan listens!李艷聽得多么認(rèn)真啊!
在口語中,這類感嘆句有時(shí)常省略主語和謂語,只保留感嘆部分。如:
How clean! 真干凈! How fast!多么快啊
考點(diǎn)三
感嘆句句型
1． What + a / an +adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語+其他成分！
2． What +adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語+其他成分！
3． How + adj.+ a / an +名詞+主語+謂語+其他成分！
4． How + adj./adv.+ 主語+謂語+其他成分！
針對性練習(xí)
一、請完成下面的感嘆句。
1. ______ a pretty girl she is!
2. ________ quickly the boy is running!
3. ______ kind teachers they are!
4. ________ clever the baby is!
5. ______ I miss my hometown (家鄉(xiāng))!
6. ______ happy I am!
7. ________ sad child he is!
8. ______ hot water it is!
9. ________ hard they study!
10. ______ able (能干的) young man he is!
11. Look! _______fast the boy is running!
12. _______cold day it was yesterday!
13. _______heavy the box is! I can’t carry it.
14. _______interesting story he told us!
15. _______nice the moon cakes are!
16. _______bad weather!
17. _______clever children all of you are!
18. _______important news that is!
19. _______time flies!
20. _______beautiful flowers you bought me!
二、按要求對下列句子進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1. He listened to his teacher carefully. (該為感嘆句)
_______ ________ he listened to his teacher!
2. What a clever monkey it is! (該為同義句)
_______ ________ a monkey it is!
3. The food is very nice. (該為感嘆句)
_______ ________ food it is!
4. How sadly they are crying! (該為陳述句)
They ________ ________ ________.
5. The Christmas tree is beautiful. (該為感嘆句)
_______ _______ the Christmas tree is!
三、選擇題。
1._______a clever boy he is !
A. What B. How C. What’s
2._______she dances!
A How good B. How well C. What well
3._______quiet the park is!
A What a B. How C. How a
4._____his father works!
A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful
5._____noisy they are making!
A. What B. How C. How a
6.______delicious soup!
A. How B. What C. What a
7.______heavy snow!
A. What a B. What C. How
8.____old bike Li Lei is riding!
A. What a B. What an C. How
9.______exciting moment it is!
A. How B. How an C. What an
10.______supper we’re having today!
A. What a delicious B. How delicious C. What delicious
11.________fine weather it is today!
A. How B. What a C. What
12._____fast the boys are running!
A. What B. What a C. How
13._______the moon cakes are!
A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious
14.____surprising news it is!
A. How B. What C. What a
15.____time we’re having today!
A. What a good B. How good C. What good
16._______I miss you!
A. What B. How C. How do
17.Look! ______beautiful that lake is!
A. How B. What C. What a
18. ________ slowly Tom runs!
A. How B. What C. What a
19._____lovely the snow looks!
A. What B. How C. What a
20.________useful information it is!
A. What an B. How C. What D What a
21._______beautiful flowers they are!
A. How B. What C. What a
22._______lovely a girl she is!
A. What B. How C. What a
23._______they love their country!
A. What B. How C. What a
24._______long hair she has!
A. What a B. What C. How
25._______beautiful music we are listening to!
A. How B. What a C. What
四、根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子。
1、多么新的一間教室?。?/p>
it is!
2、這本書真有趣！
the book is!
3、多么美妙的音樂啊！
music it is!
4、他寫得太認(rèn)真了！
he is writing!
5、這些樹真綠！
they are!
二、專題過關(guān)
1. — Jack, could you tell me ___________ for traveling this summer?(2014 連云港)
— We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.
A. where your family will go B. how will your family go
C. how your family will go D. where will your family go
2. — Could you tell me ________?(2014 揚(yáng)州)
— In August, 2014.
A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place
B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place
C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place
D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place
3. — Could you please tell me ________?(2014 十堰)
— Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.
A. where is Mount Wudang
B. how can I get to Wulong River
C. what is Shenlongjia famous for
D. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan
4. — Do you know _________?(2014 重慶)
— This afternoon.
A. when will the policeman give us a talk B. where will the policeman give us a talk
C. when the policeman will give us a talk D. where the policeman will give us a talk
5. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______.(2014 河北)
A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there
C. if you'd like to come along D. when you watch the match
6．She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday．Do you know _______?(2014 呼和浩特)
A．what was it made of B．how much did it cost
C．who buys it for her D．where she bought it
7. — Do you know _________ the meeting?(2014 北京)
— Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had
B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have
D. when are they going to have
8. I didn't know ______.(2014 武漢)
A. when would the train arrive B. where could I get the book
C. what has been done D. who left the message
9. — Could you tell me_______ yuanxiao in China?(2014 天津)
— Usually at Lantern Festival.
A. when do people eat B. how do people eat
C. when people eat D. how people eat
10. I don't understand ______ such a silly question in class yesterday.(2014 廣州)
A. why did John ask B. why John asked
C. why is John asking D. why John asks
11. — Mum, can you tell me ? I dreamed of him last night.(2015 陜西)
—Next week.
A. when my dad comes back B. where my dad goes
C. when my dad will come back D. where my dad will go
12．— Could you please tell me________？(2015 南通)
— By taking an online tour．
A．in which way can I improve my writing skills
B．how I can travel around the world in eight hours
C．what places of interest we can visit at a time
D．how should I get some more useful information
13．— Could you please tell me _____?(2015 呼和浩特)
— About twenty minutes ago.
A．when did you see this kid B．where did you see this kid
C．when you saw this kid D．where you saw this kid
14. — Li Ming, do you know _______ this year?(2015 蘭州)
— It’s on June 20th.
A. when is the Dragon Boat Festival B. when is the Mid-autumn Festival
C. when the Mid-autumn Festival is D. when the Dragon Boat Festival is
15．I wonder . (2015 青島)
A. how will you celebrate Thanksgiving
B. that the Water Festival is really fun.
C. what do people eat on the Mid-Autumn Festival
D. whether you will make resolution on New Year’s Day
16. — Ms. Petty, can you tell me _______?(2015 溫州)
—Africa.
A. what the baby giraffe likes eating
B. why the baby giraffe looks unhappy
C. when the baby giraffe was born
D. where the baby giraffe came from
17. — Do you know ______?(2015 天津)
— For a month.
A. how long will she be away B. how long she will be away
C. how often will she go there D. how often she will go there
18．— Could you tell me _________?(2015 河北)
— Talking about festivals.
A．how they are playing B．what they are doing
C．where they are going D．why they are practicing
19. Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.(2015 杭州)
A. how happy was he B. how happy he was
C. how was he happy D. how he happy was
20. — Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me ________?(2015 福州)
— It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
A. what the Belt and Road meant
B. what does the Belt and Road mean
C. what the Belt and Road means
課后作業(yè)單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. Did you hear ______?
A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say
2. Can you tell me ________?
A. which class you are in B. which class are you in
C. you are in which class D. are you in which class
3. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly.
A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station
C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station
4. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday?
A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went
5. Tom asked me ________.
A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was
C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was
6. Excuse me, could you tell me _______?
A. where’s the teachers’ office B. where’s the bus station
C. what’s she doing D. where the post office is
7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.
A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live
8. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______.
A. where does he live B. where he lives
C. where is he living D. he lives there
9. --- Can you tell me ______? --- Yes, he lives in a small town.
A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said
10. Have you decided ______ for London?
A. when will you leave B. when you will leave
C. when are you going D. when you are going
11. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets?
A. where do we show B. where shall we show
C. where did we show D. where we shall show
12. --- What are you interested in about cooking food? --- We are all interested in ______.
A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry
13. Do you know _______?
A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it
14. Do you know _______?
A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. who’s book this is
15. I don’t know ______ now.
A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat
16. Does he know ______?
A. what’s your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. what your name is
17. Do you know ______?
A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on
C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on
18. Can you tell me where _______?
A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is
19. He hasn’t decided _______.
A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi
C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi
20. Can you see ________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading
C. what does he read D. he reads what
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