時(shí)間狀語從句

用表示時(shí)間的連詞連接一個(gè)句子作狀語，這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是時(shí)間狀語從句。

一、when，while，as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

例句：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.

當(dāng)你以為自己一無所知的時(shí)候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.

當(dāng)你的手在空氣中揮動(dòng)的時(shí)候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動(dòng)。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.

我們的校長(zhǎng)邊談邊笑。

二、表“一……就”的時(shí)間狀語從句

例句：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.

吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.

我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點(diǎn)。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.

我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。

注意：hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。例句：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.

他剛到家，就被邀請(qǐng)開始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.

太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動(dòng)去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.

我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.

這個(gè)阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。

三、till，until，not…until

例句：

till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。

例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.

直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.

直到散會(huì)之后他才開始教我英語。

I worked until he came back.

我工作到他回來為止。

I didn't work until he came back.

他回來我這才開始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.

在我到達(dá)之前請(qǐng)等我。

四、before和since

1. 注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果before引導(dǎo)的主句謂語用的是過去完成時(shí)，則從句動(dòng)詞多用一般過去時(shí)，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。

例句：

It will be four days before they come back.

他們要過四天才能回來。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.

愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.

我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

2. since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，而主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is +時(shí)間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例句：

I have been in Beijing since you left.

自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you?

自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.

我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

難點(diǎn)

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用過去時(shí)。表示前面的敘述所沒有提到過的信息。它總是對(duì)所描述的事件予以引人注目的強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“這時(shí)；突然”；當(dāng)位于句末的分句具有引種用法時(shí)，大致有以下三種情況：

1. when 分句前面的分句使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

1) He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

他正笑著的時(shí)候，門突然

開了，他妻子走了進(jìn)來。

2) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

我正想著這件事時(shí)，突然聽到有人叫我的名字。

2. when 分句前面的分句使用 was （were） about to， was （were） on the point 等。如：

1) We were about to start when it began to rain.

我們剛要出發(fā)就開始下雨了。

2) He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

他剛要走就有人敲門。

3. when 分句之前的分句用過去完成時(shí)，其中 sb had hardly / scarcely /barely … when已成為固

定詞組。如：

1) We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.

我們剛剛?cè)胨徛暰晚懥似饋怼?/p>

2) He had scarcely arrived when he had to leave again.

他剛剛到達(dá)就又要離開了。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

when, while和as的區(qū)別

1. when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。

例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.

她進(jìn)來時(shí)，我停止吃飯。(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

當(dāng)我住在農(nóng)村時(shí)，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞）

We were about to leave when he came in.

我們就要離開，就在那時(shí)他進(jìn)來了。

2. While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。

例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，was reading和was watching同時(shí)發(fā)生)。

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.

我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對(duì)比）

3. as表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。

例如：

We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）

As we were going out, it began to snow.

當(dāng)我們出門時(shí)，開始下雪了。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時(shí)間）

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