1. nice adj
1) 令人愉快的，討人喜歡的，令人滿意的
eg. Did you have a nice holiday?
It’s nice doing sth .做什么事很愉快
It’s nice to do sth. 做什么事很愉快
It’s nice + that +從句 做什么事很愉快
2）好心的，友好的 be nice / friendly to sb對某人友好 be kind to sb 對某人和藹
2. answer questions/ replay to questions 回答問題
solve problems 解決問題 deal with / do with problems 處理，解決問題
用 how 對deal with 進(jìn)行提問； 用 what 對do with 進(jìn)行提問
3. 區(qū)別 look, see, watch, notice，read
look 看；因想看而投注目光，不管結(jié)果如何指看的動作，后不能接名詞應(yīng) look at + n
see 看到，看見；強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果 see sb do sth 看見某人做某事的全過程 see sb doing sth看見某人正在做某事
watch 看，觀看；特別留意，感興趣地看運(yùn)動著的東西 watch sb do sth看見某人做某事的全過程 watch sb doing sth看見某人正在做某事
watch TV/ films/ football match/ basketball match/ show
notice 看到，注意到，覺察到，偶爾看到細(xì)小但可能是重要的東西
read 主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“讀，閱讀，朗讀”多指讀書，看報，信，雜志
4. 有關(guān)look的短語
look after = take care of 照顧，照看 have a look = take a look 看一看
have a look at +n = take a look at+ n 看一看某物
look up 查閱資料，字典 look down on/ upon 看不起，輕視
look for 尋找（著重尋找的過程）look out of…從…向外看 look out at sth 向外看某物 look into 調(diào)查
look over 檢查 look up and down 上下打量 look up 向上看 look down 向下看
5. borrow，lend&keep的辨析
1) borrow指相對的主語“借入”， borrow sth from sb 從某人那借來某物
2）lend指相對的主語“借出”lend sth to sb / lend sb sth 借給某人某物
3）keep 指“保存，借”不帶有方向性，長表示把借來的東西保存多久，與一段時間狀語連用。
Tip: borrow，lend是短暫性動詞不能與一段時間狀語連用。
6.good,well & nice
1) good adj 好的，合適的，擅長的 be good at sth/ doing sth = do well in 擅長于干某事
be good for 對…有益
2）well adj 指身體健康的 adv 為good的副詞形容修飾行為意為“好的”
3）nice adj 美好的，令人愉快的，可愛的 be nice / / friendly to sb對某人友好
7.some & any
1) some 表示“一些，若干”，一般只用于肯定句中，但也可用于表示請求，邀請，希望得到肯定回答的一般疑問句中
2）any 意為“一些”時，一般用于否定句和疑問句中
3）any 意為“任何的，任何一個的”，any + n (單數(shù)) 表示“任一”（哪一個并不重要）
any + n (復(fù)數(shù)) 表示“任何的”
eg. I haven’t read any books by Luxun. 我沒有看過魯迅的書。
Tom is taller than any other student in his class. 湯姆是他班上最高的。（湯姆比他班的任何一個人都高）
8. thank you / thanks for + n / v-ing 因…而感謝， 其答語有 you’re welcome,/ That’s all right./ That’s OK./ It’s my pleasure./ Not at all.
thanks to...由于，多虧 thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的幫忙
thanks for one's help 謝謝某人的幫助
9.enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事 enjoy sb/sth 喜歡某人、某物
like to do sth / like doing sth 喜歡做某事
love todo sth/ love doing sth 喜歡做某事
10. enjoy oneself = have a good time = have a great time = have a fantastic time = have fun 玩得高興，過得愉快
11. have a + adj + time doing sth 做某事時很…
have a great time doing sth = have fun doing sth 做某事很高興
have time to do sth 有時間做某事 have sth to do sth 有…做某事
have + n/pron + 過去分詞 找、讓某人做某事
12. make sb do sth / let sb do sth 使，讓某人做某事
Sb be made to do sth 某人被叫做某事
make + n/ pron + adj 使，讓某人/物處于某種狀態(tài)
keep + n/ pron + adj使，讓某人/物保持某種狀態(tài)
find + n/ pron + adj發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物處于某種狀態(tài)
13.形容詞以-ing 結(jié)尾，則表示某物或某人本身怎樣；以-ed 結(jié)尾的，則表示某人感到怎樣；此類形容詞有exciting / excited , surprising/ surprised, worrying/ worried , satisfying / satisfied , tiring/ tired , relaxing/ relaxed, intersting/ intersted , boring/ bored ….
be excited about … 對… 感到興奮，高興
be surprised at sth/ sb 對…感到很吃驚，很驚訝in surprise 驚奇地（作狀語）
be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝
be worried about sb / sth 對…擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂，發(fā)愁
be satisfied with sth /sb 對某人，物感到很滿意
be tired of sb/ sth/ doing sth 對某人/事、做某事感到厭煩
look/ feel/ seem relaxed about sth （對某事）看起來，感到，似乎很輕松
be intersted in = take / show / have interste in 對…感興趣
be bored with 對… 很厭煩
14.alone adj 獨(dú)自一人（無感情色彩，只是陳述事實(shí)）在句中只做表語
lonely adj 孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的（形容人感到孤獨(dú)寂寞，帶有感情色彩）
15. pleased adj 滿意的，愉快的 （用于表示人的感受） pleasant adj 使人愉快的（形容事物的客觀本質(zhì)）pleasure n 愉快，快樂，高興
be pleased with sb /sth 對某人、事感到欣喜的，滿意的
be pleased to do sth 樂意做某事 it’s one’s pleasure to do sth 做某事是某人的榮幸
16. be busy with / at sth 忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
be worth doing sth 值得做某事
17.health n 健康 （不可數(shù)名詞）be in good/ bad health 身體好、身體不好
healthy adj 健康的 其反義詞 unhealthy keep healthy = keep fit保持健康
healthily adv 健康地
18.stop to do sth 意為“停下（正在做的事情）去做其他的事”
stop doing sth 意為 “停止（正在）做的事情”
forget to do sth 忘記要去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記已經(jīng)做過的事
remember to do sth 記得要去做某事 remember doing sth 記得已經(jīng)做過的事
go on doing sth = keep on doing sth = carry on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事（同一件事）
go on to do sth 接著干別的事
19. make A out of B 用B制造A make sth for sb 為某人制造某物 do sth for sb為某人做某事
be made of sth 由…制造（看得出原材料）be made from sth由…制造（看不出原材料）
be made by sb 由某人制造
20. a kind of 一種 a cup of 一杯（茶，咖啡） a glass of 一杯（玻璃杯） a bottle of 一杯
a tin of 一聽 a kilo of 一公斤 a carton of 一盒 a bag of 一包 a packet of 一包
a basket of 一籃 a piece of 一片 a bowl of 一碗 這些量詞后可接可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞，要表示復(fù)數(shù)的時候若后接的是不可數(shù)名詞只需把量詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)eg. Two bags of rice 但若后接的是可數(shù)名詞兩者都要變化eg. Two bags of books
21. listen 指的是聽的動作，過程。是一個不及物動詞后不能直接加賓語 應(yīng)用 listen to
hear 指的是聽的結(jié)果，內(nèi)容 hear sb do sth 聽見某人做某事的全過程 hear sb doing sth 聽見某人正在做某事
22. voice 指人的聲音，有時也可指鳥叫的聲音
sound 是聲音的總稱，指可聽到的一切聲音
noise 指的是不悅耳的“噪音，喧鬧聲”
23. aloud adv 只表示“發(fā)出聲音”它長和動詞read ,speak 連用，表示把話說出來而不是在腦子里默默地說。沒有比較級和最高級。
loudly adv 大聲地，嘈雜地
loud adv 與loudly 同義 adj 大聲的
24.say 強(qiáng)調(diào)說的具體內(nèi)容 eg .can you say the story in English ?
speak 指說話的能力，后經(jīng)常跟語言的種類 eg. Can you speak English ?
tell 告訴，講訴 tell sb about sth 告訴某人有關(guān)有事 tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事
talk 交談，談話 talk with sb 與某人交談 talk to sb 給某人說（側(cè)重于一方說，別一方在聽）talk abou sth 談?wù)撃呈?/p>
25. try on 試穿 on 是副詞，若是代詞一定放于兩詞之間 eg. Can I try them on ?
dress 穿（衣服），打扮，化妝 dress sb 給某人穿衣服 dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服
dress up 喬裝打扮，盛裝出席
be dressed in + 衣服 / 顏色 = be in + 衣服 / 顏色 表示穿著（狀態(tài)）
wear表示穿著（狀態(tài)）用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示現(xiàn)在正穿著 用于一般現(xiàn)在時，表示經(jīng)常穿著 戴眼鏡，首飾，項(xiàng)鏈都是用wear來表示
wear out 穿壞、穿舊、用盡 常用于被動語態(tài)。其P.P為worn
put on 強(qiáng)調(diào)穿衣，戴帽的動作
26. laugh at + n/ pron/ v-ing 嘲笑…
smile at sb 向某人微笑
27. sb pay + 金錢 + for sth 某人為…付…錢
Sb spend + 時間/ 金錢 + on sth
Sb spend + 時間 / 金錢 + (in) doing sth
It takes sb + 時間 /金錢 + to do sth
28. instead adv 代替 單獨(dú)使用，放于句首或句末
instead of + n/ pron/v-ing 介詞短語 意為“代替…而不是…”放于句中
29.in hospital 生病住院
in the hospital 在（這家）醫(yī)院里
30. ill & sick 都是形容詞，都表示生病的，但是ill 不能修飾名詞作定語，它在句中只能做表語 eg . my brother is ill / sick. The sick boy is my brother.
31.would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事
Would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
Would you like to do sth? 的肯定回答是yes, I’d like to .
32.hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope + 從句 希望…
wish to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
33. be like 像 主要指性格，品質(zhì)或是外貌
look like 看起來像，只是指外貌上像
34. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人，某物
be afraid of doing sth = be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
I’m afraid that + 從句 我恐怕….
35. get on/off(the bus) 上/下車 get up 起床 get ready for 為...作準(zhǔn)備
get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身體好 get in 進(jìn)入，收集
get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 為某人買某物
get on well with sb/sth. 與某人相處很好，...進(jìn)展順利
36. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高興
have a cold wet day 天氣又冷又濕 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of)... 喝一杯...
have a talk 聽報告 have lunch 吃午飯 have...for lunch 午飯吃...
have a meeting 開會have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下
37. make a mistake 犯錯誤 mistake A for B 把A錯認(rèn)為B
take sth. by mistake 錯拿某物
38. make friends with 與...交朋友 make a team 組成一個隊(duì)
make faces 做鬼臉make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口
make a...sound 發(fā)...音 make tea 沏茶 make room for... 為...找出空間
39. turn sth. on/off 打開/關(guān)掉...turn sth. up/down 把...音量開大/小(電器，電話，煤氣，自來水)
turn A into B = change A into B把A變?yōu)锽
注意：當(dāng)sth 是代詞時，常放中間
40. try one's best to do sth. 盡力干某事=do one's best to do sth.
41. send sb. away 開除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去請某人 send up 發(fā)射
send sth to sb = send sb sth 把某物寄給某人
42. hear from sb= receive a letter from sb 收到...的來信 hear of 聽說
43. hurry off 匆匆離去，趕快去 hurry up 趕快 in a hurry趕快
44. 到達(dá)某地的幾種表達(dá)法
get to +名詞 get +副詞(不用to)
reach+名詞/副詞 reach后不接賓語不能單獨(dú)使用
eg. Do you know when he will reach? (錯誤)
arrive in/at +大/小地點(diǎn) （后接副詞，不用at/in）
eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到達(dá)上海
eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家
45. teach sb. English 教某人英語 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自學(xué)
teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
46. 到...末為止 by the end of +過去時間 （用于過去完成時）
by the end of +將來時間 （用于一般將來時）
at the end of+地點(diǎn) 在...盡頭 in the end= at last 最后，終于
at the beginning of 在…的開端，開始 in the beginning 開始= at first
47. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上萬的 millions of 成百萬的
數(shù)詞/ several + hundred / thousand / million 幾百，千，百萬
48. much too+形容詞／副詞原級 實(shí)在太...
too much+不可數(shù)名詞 相當(dāng)多的... too many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
49. be far away from＋a place/sb 遠(yuǎn)離某地
stop / prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
50. sell out 售完 賣完 on sell 打折 in sell 當(dāng)季
51. fall asleep 入睡（進(jìn)入狀態(tài)） get to sleep 入睡（還沒睡著）
go to bed 睡覺（指上床睡覺的動作）be asleep 熟睡
52. hard adj 困難的，硬的，堅固的
adv 努力地，辛勤地
hardly adv 幾乎不 hardly any +n. 幾乎沒有...
53. quite a/an+形容詞＋名詞 一個相當(dāng)...eg. Two months is quite a long time.
a very ＋形容詞+名詞eg. English is a very useful language.
54. finish doing sth. 做完某事 complete to do sth 完成某事 be always doing 老是干某事
55. be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
56. agree with sb. 同意某人的觀點(diǎn) agree to do sth 同意做某事
agree on + 意見、建議的詞 在某事上達(dá)成協(xié)議
57. with one's help 在某人的幫助下
58.look for 尋找（著重指過程） find 尋找（著重指結(jié)果）
find out （經(jīng)過查詢，研究）找到結(jié)果，發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密
search sb 搜身 search sp for sb/sth 為了搜查某人、物而搜尋某地
59. a lot of = lots of 許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞
many 許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞
much許多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞
a good / great many許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞
plenty of 許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞
a (large/ great) number of許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞
large/ great numbers of許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞
the number of ……的數(shù)量
60. a lot 用以修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞
61. little, a little 都用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞
a little 有點(diǎn)兒（表示肯定意義）little 幾乎沒有（表示否定意義）
few, a few都用來修飾可數(shù)名詞
a few 有點(diǎn)兒（表示肯定意義）few 幾乎沒有（表示否定意義）
62. a little / a bit + adj / 比較級 表示一點(diǎn)兒，稍微
a little + n a bit of + n 一點(diǎn)…
not a bit = not at all 根本不，一點(diǎn)也不 not a little = very 非常
63.across prep 橫穿（從物體的表面穿過）
go across = cross
through prep 橫穿（從物體的空間穿過）
go through window/ door / forest
64.between 用于兩個人，兩件事之間，指“兩者之間”
among 用于三個或三個以上的人或物之間，或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之間，表示在…之間
65. other adj 其他的，別的，另外 ，常作定語
another pron 指不定數(shù)目中的另一個人或物意為“又一，再一”
another + 數(shù)詞+ 可數(shù)名詞/ 不可數(shù)名詞
others pron 另外的，其他的或別的人或事物，主要表示其中一部分而不是全部
the other 指兩者或雙方中的另一個人或物常用于 one … the other
the others 是 the other 的復(fù)數(shù)，屬于特指，后不能跟名詞
the others = the other + 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 指一個范圍內(nèi)的剩余全部。
66. give sb sth = give sth to sb 把某物給某人
give sb a call 給…打個電話 give a message to sb 捎短信給某人
give back = return 歸還 give out 分發(fā) give up 放棄
67.sometime 某時 some time 一段時間 sometimes 有時 some times 倍次
68. neither… nor… 既不…也不…連接并列主語時，使用就近原則
either… or… 不是…就是…
69.stay at home 呆在家里 stay in 呆在家里不出門 stay out 呆在外面不回家
stay up 熬夜 stay away (from sb/ sth) 與…保持距離，不打擾
70. change one’s mind 改變主意 make up one’s mind 作出決定 keep… in mind 記住
Never mind 不要緊
mind one’s doing sth 介意某人做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事
71.too 也，用于肯定句句末
also 也，用于肯定句句中
either 也，用于否定句句末
as well as 也連詞，連接兩個并列主語時用就近原則
72.have to do sth 不得不干某事（表示客觀條件限制）
must 必須 （一般表示主觀看法）
73.it’s time to do sth = it’s time for sth 該干…了 做…的時間到了
74.advice n (不可數(shù)) take one’s advice 接受某人的意見 give sb advice = give advice to sb 給某人意見
advise v 建議 advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事
suggestion n (可數(shù))
75. decide to do sth 決定做某事
76. worry about sb / sth = be worried about sb / sth 擔(dān)心某人、某物
77.start to do sth / begin to do sth / start doing sth / begin doing sth 開始做某事
start with … = begin with… 以…開始
78.drive sb to sp 開車載某人去某地
79.be well- known / famous for 因…而出名 be well- known / famous as 作為…而出名
80.take part in = join in 參加
81.because + 從句 因?yàn)椤?/p>
because of + n/ pron/ v-ing 因?yàn)椤?/p>
82.at the same time 同時 at times = sometimes = from time to time 有時
83.work on 從事于，致力于… work out 計算出
84.take care of = look after 照顧 take good care of = look after well 照顧好
85.交通工具的表達(dá)
1) by + 交通工具 2）on / in + 修飾詞+交通工具 3）動詞+介詞+地點(diǎn)
go to sp by bike go to sp by bus
go to sp on a / the bike go to sp on /in a / the bus
walk to … ride to… drive to… fly to …
86.come ture （希望，預(yù)言等）實(shí)現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)
87.fall in love with sb 愛上某人
get on / along (well) with sb 與某人相處得很好 get on / along with sth 進(jìn)展
88. as + adj/ adv as possible 盡可能…，盡量…
as much as possible 盡可能多 as early as possible 盡可能早
as soon as possible 一…就…
89. run away (from) (從…) 逃走，突然離開
run out 用完，用盡
90.hear about 聽到關(guān)于某事物的消息 hear of sb/ sth 聽說、知道某人、某物
91.happen 指偶然，意外地發(fā)生某事
take place 指按照計劃，安排發(fā)生某事
take place of sb/sth 取代，代替（某人，某事）
92. all the time 一直 at one time 曾經(jīng) at the same time 同時 at the time 在那時
on time 按時 in time 及時 at times = from timeto time = sometimes 有時
93.表示提建議的句型
1）how about = what about + V-ing
2) why not = why don’t sb + v
3) you’d better + v
94. by the way 順便說一下 lose one’s way = get lost 迷路
on one’s way to sp 在某人去某地的路上 on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上
in one’s way 擋路
95.put out sth 使…停止燃燒，撲滅
96.make friends with sb 和某人交朋友
97.have problems doing sth 做某事有困難
98.be sure to do sth = make sure to do sth 確信做某事
be sure of … be sure that + 從句 確信….
99.allow n/ v-ing 允許 …
allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事
100. be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴(yán)格 be strict in sth 對某事要求嚴(yán)格
101.prefer + n / v-ing to + n/ v-ing 比起…更喜歡…
prefer to do sth 更喜歡做某事
would rather do sth than do sth比起…更喜歡…
102. provide sb with sth 給某人提供某物= provide sth for sb
103.be willing to do sth 樂意做某事= be ready to do sth
104.used to do sth 過去常常做某事
be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事
be used to do sth 被用來做某事
be used for doing sth 被用來做某事
be used as 被當(dāng)作….而使用
重要句型和慣用法
1.There be 結(jié)構(gòu)
1)這是英語中常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某地有某物”其含義為“存在有”。 eg.There are twenty girls in our class.
have也解釋為“有”但是與there be有區(qū)別，它的含義是“所有，屬有”，其主語為某人。eg.I have a nice watch.
2).There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。(就近原則)
3).there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時，同學(xué)們較難掌握，其正確形式為：there is going to be / there will be
4).反意疑問句的構(gòu)成：There is no water in the glass, is there?
5) there be sb doing sth + 地點(diǎn)狀語 某地某人做什么
2.It's+時間+since動詞過去式。自從...起已有...時間了。
⑴It's two weeks since we met last.(自從我們上次見面已有兩個星期了)
⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自從我們離開北京已有多久了)
3.祈使句+and (那么)...eg.Go straight on and you'll see a school.=If you go straight on, you'll see a school. 5.祈使句+or否則...eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.=If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind the other
4. The+比較級...，the+比較級... 越...越...
eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。
⑵The harder you work on it, the better you'll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)
5.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你認(rèn)為這部電影怎樣？)
6.What...do with...?怎樣對付...?怎樣處理...? = how … deal with
雖然中文為怎樣，我們絕不可照字面翻譯為how.
eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:I've just returned it to the library.
7.I don't know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦？ I don't know how to do. ×
8.What...be like?...是什么樣的？
eg.⑴What's the weather like? 天氣如何？⑵What's your school like? 你們學(xué)校是什么樣的？
9.What...for?= why? 為何目的？為什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?
10.one of +最高級＋復(fù)數(shù) 最...之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.
11.find it +形容詞+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我發(fā)覺學(xué)好英語是很有用的)
find +賓語 +名詞eg.I find him a good boy. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個好男孩.)
find +賓語 +形容詞
eg.I find the door open/closed. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)門開/關(guān)著) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的包裝滿了禮物)
12.I don't think+肯定句 我想...不 eg.I don't think I'll take it. (我想我不買它了)
請注意:中文意思否定在從句中,但是英語的表達(dá)否定在主句中。
13.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜歡A不怎么喜歡B.
eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken
14.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.
特別注意:had better后面跟be動詞詞組,不可漏掉be.
eg.You'd better catch a train.
You'd better not talk in class.
You'd better not be late for the class.
15.It is good (nice)of+賓格+to do sth.
eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英語真是太好了)
16.have been to 某人曾去過某地,現(xiàn)在人不在那兒have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在這兒
sb.have been in +地點(diǎn) 某人呆在某地(一段時間)
17.⑴ too…形容詞(副詞)+to…'太…而不能' '太…以致于不'
eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 這籃子太重我拿不動。
⑵so...that 如此...以致于...上面的too...to結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，可以換成so...that 引導(dǎo)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換。
①The basket is so heavy that I can't carry it.
so + adj / adv that + 從句
such + (a/an) + adj + n + that + 從句
so + adj + (a/an) + n + that + 從句
18.What's the population of ...? ...人口有多少？ 不說How much population in...?形容人口數(shù)量的大用large
eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA
19.not...until (連詞) 直到…才 (主句的謂語動詞是短暫性動詞) 肯定句＋until 到
eg.He says that he won't be free until tomorrow.他說他需到明天方才有空。
eg.You'd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天)
20.neither...nor... 既不...也不... either...or... 或者...或者... (謂語動詞就近原則)
eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word 'hundred'.
Either you or she is right.
both...and... 兩者都...
eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主語看作復(fù)數(shù))
情景交際英語
1.問候：
⑴A:Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How do you do ? Nice to meet you. B:回答相同
⑵A:How are you? B:Fine, thank you.And you? Very well,thank you.
2.介紹： ⑴This is Mr/Mrs/Miss...⑵ I'd like you to meet my parents.⑶ My name is....I'm a student.
3.告別 A:Goodbye.See you later/tomorrow. Good night. B:回答相同
4.感謝和應(yīng)答 表示感謝 通?；卮?/p>
Thank you very much. Not at all. Thanks a lot. That's OK. Many thanks. That's all right.
Thanks for helping me. You're welcome.
5.祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答
⑴A:Good luck! Best wishes to you. Have a nice/good time/journey. Congratulations! B:Thank you.
⑵A:Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! B:The same to you.
⑶A:Happy birthday to you. B:Thank you.
6.道歉和應(yīng)答 A:I'm sorry.I'm sorry to trouble you. B:It doesn't matter. It's not important. That's nothing.
7.遺憾和同情 What a pity!I'm sorry to hear that.
8.邀請和應(yīng)答 A:Would you like to … ? B:Yes, I'd love/ like to. I’d love/ like to ,but ….
9.提供幫助和應(yīng)答
A:Can I help you?=What can I do for you? Here, take this/my bike. Let me do it for you.
B:Thanks for your help. Yes, please. No, thanks. That's very kind of you.
10.請求允許 ⑴A:May I...? Can I/Could I...? B:Yes/Certainly/Of course. Yes, do please. OK/All right.
⑵A:Do you mind if I open the window? B:No, not at all. 或Never mind.
11.表示同意和不同意
(1):Certainly/Sure/Of course.Yes, please. Yes, I think so. All right/OK. That's a good idea. I agree with you.
(2):No, I don't think so. I'm afraid not. I really can't agree with you.
12.表示肯定和不肯定 1: I'm sure. I'm sure that... 2: I'm not sure. I'm not sure whether/if... Maybe.
13.喜歡和厭惡 1: I like /love...(very much) I like /love to... 2: I don't like to... I hate to ...
14. 問時間、日期的應(yīng)答 A:What day is it? B:It's Monday.A:What's the date?B:It's Jan. 10th.
A:What's the time,please? B:It's five o'clock/half past five... It's time to ...
15.請求 (1): Can/could you...for me? Will/would you please do sth.? May I have...?
(2): Please give/pass me... Please wait (here/a moment). Please wait for your turn. Please stand in line.
(3): No smoking, please. No noise, please.
16.勸告和建議 1:You'd better... You should... You need to...
2:Shall we do sth. ? Let's do sth. . What/How about doing sth. ? 回答: OK. Good idea.
17.禁止和警告 1:You mustn't play on the road. If you ... you'll ...
2:Take care.=Be careful.
18.表示感情 A:喜悅 Great!That's nice. I'm glad/pleased/happy to...
B:焦慮 What's wrong? What's the matter with you?I'm/He's/She's worried. Oh, what shall I do?
C:驚奇 Really?Oh, dear!Is that so?
19.約會 A:Are you free this afternoon? What/How about tomorrow morning? Shall we meet at 4:30 at the school gate?
B:Yes, that's all right. Yes, I'll be free then. All right.See you then.
20.語言困難 Pardon? Please say that more slowly again. What do you mean by...? I'm sorry I know only a little English.
21.表示稱贊： A:Oh, how nice! Your dress is beautiful. B:It's nice of you to say so. 或Thank you.
22.常見的標(biāo)志和說明
BUSINESS HOURS NO PHOTOS OFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UP OPEN CLOSED PULL PUSH EXIT ENTRANCE 營業(yè)時間 禁止拍照 辦公時間 這邊向上 開 關(guān) 出口 入口
句型
1.反意疑問句：陳述部分＋提問部分。
（1）◎前肯后否，前否后肯。
◎前后人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)要一致，疑問部分要用代詞?！蚴聦?shí)回答用Yes, 非事實(shí)回答用No .
◎如果前面陳述句中有否定詞：hardly, little, few, never, rarely, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等，后面疑問句應(yīng)該用肯定式。
（2）陳述句中有：have to, had to, ought to, used to, don’t(imperative), somebody / someone, everybody / everyone時，附加疑問句需分別用：don’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, usedn’t / didn’t, will, they等。
My grandma used to be a teacher, usedn’t / didn’t she ? Don’t turn on the TV set, will you ?
（3）陳述句部分是復(fù)合句時，提問部分的主語和助動詞要與主句一致。He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn’t he ?
（4）在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+賓語從句”中，當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時，附加疑問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)與后面賓語從句相一致；但若主語不是第一人稱時，則附加問句與前面主句一致。
I don’t think he can pass the exam, can he ? He believed you had seen her before, didn’t he ?
（5）在含有情態(tài)動詞must 的句子中，若must 表示推測，提問用must后面的動詞。若must表示有必要時，用needn’t。若mustn’t表示禁止時，提問用must。
He must be tired, isn’t he ？ You must go to Gaozhou, needn’t ？ You mustn’t smoke here, must you ?
（6）陳述句部分為祈使句，疑問部分常用will you(表請求)。注：let’s 用shall we（包括說話人），let us 用will you（不包括說話人）。Have a cup of tea, will you ? Let’s go now, shall we ? Let us go now, will you ?
2．祈使句：可表示請求、命令、勸告、建議等。（省主語，動詞用原形）
（1）let + 第一人稱，第三人稱＋（not）動詞原形。Let me try again .
（2）動詞原形＋其他成分。Listen to me carefully .
（3）Don’t (never)+動詞原形＋其他成分。Don’t look out of the window .
（4）Do+動詞原形＋其他成分。Do give him another chance .
注意： 1)祈使句 ＋ and/or ＋ 簡單句是常用句型
祈使句 + and + 簡單句 表示“如果…，就…”
祈使句 + or + 簡單句 表示“…否則…”
eg. 1.Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital. 2.Be quick,or we'll be late.
2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一個問句，使語氣更加委婉。
eg.①Tell me about it,will you/won't you? ②Don't tell anyone,will you? ③Let's go to school,shall we?
3.感嘆句：表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情，句尾用“！”。What 修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞、副詞。
（1） How ＋ 形容詞 / 副詞。
◎ How + 形容詞 ＋ 主 ＋ 謂 ＋ ··· ！ How cold it is today ! How clever the boy is !
◎ How ＋ 副詞 ＋ 主 ＋ 謂 ＋ ··· ！ How fast she runs ! How hard the girls are working !
◎ How + 形容詞 ＋ a / an + 名詞 ＋ 主 ＋ 謂 ＋ ··· ！How clever a boy he is ! How funny an elephant it is !
（2）What + 名詞。
◎ What + a / an ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋ 主 ＋ 謂 ＋ ··· ！ What a fine day it is today !
◎ What ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) ＋ 主 ＋ 謂 ＋···！What tall trees they are !What good students the boys are !
◎ What ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 不可數(shù)名詞 ＋ 主 ＋ 謂 ＋ ··· ！What cold water it is ! What delicious milk it is !
怎樣做好完形填空
1.先通讀一遍全文，對全文內(nèi)容、作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、文體等各方面有個宏觀了解。雖然開始不可能完全了解短文內(nèi)容，但起碼要做到“八、九不離十”。弄清大意，抓住了主題，便為正確選詞打下了可靠的基礎(chǔ)。
2.然后讀一遍選項(xiàng)，知道均有哪些備選項(xiàng)。
3.再讀全文，并且可以邊讀邊用鉛筆試將所選的選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容填在空白處。這是一個關(guān)鍵性的分析判斷階段。同學(xué)們要瞻前顧后，字斟句酌。不能只看空格前后兩個詞，而是應(yīng)該看完整的句子。這時，應(yīng)調(diào)動你學(xué)過的全部語言知識，明確題目是要考查你哪方面知識的掌握。
4.再串讀，看鉛筆填上后，文章意思是否通順，語法語義是否準(zhǔn)確，是否可恢復(fù)原貌。
5.切不可不讀全文，見一空填一詞。
6.同學(xué)們要學(xué)會利用上下文中的各種語言線索和已有的語言知識來選詞。
7.如果遇到一時難以確定的答案可先不填，先去做后面的，或有把握的，待填完其他空白后，再回過頭來做前面，有時候，前后空白往往形成互相提示和補(bǔ)充。同時，同學(xué)們還可利用排除法，首先排除不合題意的選項(xiàng)，然后反復(fù)比較剩下的選項(xiàng)，這樣就可以略為簡單一些。
8.最后還要利用自己各方面的知識和語言知識、歷史知識、生活常識等，細(xì)微分析比較，理解中心，全面驗(yàn)證。
怎樣做好閱讀理解
1.瀏覽全文，了解全文的概貌。 2.采用順讀或倒讀的方法 3.抓住要點(diǎn)，快速閱讀。
4.找出主題句，弄清替代詞的指代關(guān)系，推斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
5.分清表層理解和深層理解的含義。 6.突破生詞關(guān)。 7.在做到以上各點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，再用“排除法”“一次判斷”“逐個分析”等方法來判斷找出問題的正確答案。
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