定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有(賓格whom),所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞?where?when?why?等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語,whose在從句中作定語,而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。
例如:
① I?will?never?forget?the?days?when/in?which?we?worked?together.
② I?will?never?forget?the?days?which/that?we?spent?together.
解析
在句①中,表示時間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z,所以用關(guān)系副詞when來代指,引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the?days;
而在句②中,表示時間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿釉~spent的賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來代指。
同樣,表示地點或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞where?或why來代指;如果在從句中作動詞的賓語,則用which或that來代替。
例如:
① This?is?the?factory?where/in?which?I?worked.(作狀語)
② This?is?the?factory?that/which?I?visited?years?ago.(作賓語)
注:當(dāng)先行詞為time, reason,?place時,引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。
例如:
① This?was?the?first?(when/what)?I?had?serious?trouble?with?my?boss.
② That?is?the?reason?(why)?I?did?it.
③This?is?the?place?(where)?we?met?yesterday.
另外,定語從句中謂語動詞數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞數(shù)一致。
①Mr.?Jackson?is?the?only?foreigner?that?is?present?at?the?party.
②He?is?one?of?the?students?who?were?praised?by?the?teacher.
解析
在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強調(diào)只有一個,所以從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
而在句②中,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the?students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。
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