1.Which do you enjoy_______your spare time,playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A.spendingB.to spendC.havingspentD.to have spent
解析:同學(xué)們對(duì)于enjoy后接-ing動(dòng)詞記得很熟,已成思維定勢(shì),所以會(huì)不假思索地選A,而實(shí)際上此句enjoy的賓語是which,空白處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)不定式,表目的,整句話的意思是“你喜歡做什么來度過你的空閑時(shí)間,在家玩牌還是去公園散步?”故正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。
另外,通過這道題我們還可以學(xué)到一個(gè)短語,spare time——空閑時(shí)間、閑暇時(shí)間,這里spare作形容詞,表示“空閑的,多余的”。free time也可以表示“空閑時(shí)間”。
2.I’m sorry I cannot help _____ the work.
A.to finishB.finishingC.finishedD.to finishing
解析:一些學(xué)生由于受cannothelp doing sth.(禁不住做某事)這一習(xí)慣用法的影響,毫不猶豫地選擇了B。然而,只要仔細(xì)分析一下句子,根據(jù)句意,“對(duì)不起,我不能幫忙完成這項(xiàng)工作?!本涂芍勒_答案為A。cannot help to do sth.表示“不能幫助做某事”,這時(shí),help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。
所以,同學(xué)們,當(dāng)題中見到can't help的時(shí)候不要想當(dāng)然的選doing形式哦,一定要根據(jù)句意來分析一下。
3.—Would you like some tea,please?
—Yes.I prefer tea_____ sugar.
A.toB.forC.withD.of
解析:大家易受固定搭配prefer...to...(喜歡......而不喜歡......)的影響而錯(cuò)選A。本題題干意思為:“你想喝些茶嗎?”“是的,我喜歡加糖的。”因此,名詞tea后的詞語作定語修飾它,tea with sugar表示“加糖的茶”,所以正確答案為C。
理解了這道題之后我們?cè)賮韺W(xué)習(xí)一下prefer的用法~
★prefer+名詞
——Would you like meat orfish?
——I'd prefer meat,please.
★prefer+動(dòng)名詞
——Do you like swimming?你喜歡游泳嗎?
——Yes, but I prefer saling.喜歡,但我更喜歡駕駛帆船。
★prefer+不定式
I prefer to spend the weekend at home.我喜歡在家里度周末。
★preferA to B
在本句型中,A與B是平行結(jié)構(gòu),可以是名詞,也可以都是動(dòng)名詞。例如:
Most people prefer trains tobuses.大多數(shù)人愿意坐火車而不愿坐汽車。
I prefer staying at home to going out.我覺得在家里比出去好。
★prefer to do A rather than do B表示“寧愿做A而不愿做B”
He prefers to rent a car ratherthan to have one of his own.他寧愿租車也不愿買車。
4.There’re little oranges in the box,_____?
A.are thereB. aren’t thereC. are theyD. aren’t they
解析:此題考查there be的反意疑問句,由于little出現(xiàn)在句中,所以大家總是認(rèn)為這是考查little表示否定意義的用法,很容易誤選A。我們知道,little表示否定意義時(shí),修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而本句中l(wèi)ittle后為復(fù)數(shù)名詞oranges,little在句中意為“形體小的”,表示肯定意義,句意為:“盒子里有小桔子。”根據(jù)“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原則,本題應(yīng)選B。
5.Peter makesa bike _____ on the road.
A.rideB. to rideC. ridingD. rides
解析:在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中,make后面的不定式要省略to,大家會(huì)誤選A。同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意到,make只有在表示“使;讓”之意時(shí),后面的不定式才能省略to;而表示其他意思時(shí),則不能省略to。依據(jù)題意,此處make表示“制造”,因而選B。
6.—How far is the factory from here?
—It’s about 4 kilometres _______.
A. farB. longC. awayD. near
解析:此題容易誤選A。這是由于受到漢語思維的影響,因?yàn)樽g成漢語正好是“大約4公里遠(yuǎn)”。其實(shí),問距離時(shí)可以用How far is…. ?,但是far不能與表示具體的距離連用,此時(shí)應(yīng)該用away。因此,正確答案為C。
通過這道題我們可以知道對(duì)距離遠(yuǎn)近進(jìn)行提問用How far...?回答表示多遠(yuǎn)用'具體距離+away'。
對(duì)時(shí)間長短進(jìn)行提問用How long...?回答時(shí)直接回答具體時(shí)間。
對(duì)物體長度進(jìn)行提問也可以用How long...?回答物體多長時(shí)用'具體長度+long'
E.g.------How long is the desk ?
------The desk is two metres long .
7.He is waiting _____ the bus stop.
A.atB. forC. inD. to
解析:有些同學(xué)可能會(huì)受詞組wait for的影響,一看到wait,就會(huì)不假思索地想到wait for,導(dǎo)致誤選B。實(shí)際上,wait for后跟賓語“人”或“交通工具”,wait for不跟地點(diǎn)作賓語,這道題里the bus stop是個(gè)地點(diǎn),而且是個(gè)小地點(diǎn)。故正確答案為A。
8.I hear someone _______at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.
A. knock, heB. knocking, heC. knock, itD. knocking, it
解析:此題容易誤選B,這是由于漢語思維的影響引起的。大家都知道hear sb. do sth.意為“聽見某人做某事”,hear sb. doing sth.意為“聽見某人正在做某事”,根據(jù)題意“我聽見有人正在敲門”,第一空選擇knocking是沒問題的。而后面“去看看他是誰”從漢語的角度來看是沒有錯(cuò)的,這就導(dǎo)致了大家可能會(huì)誤選B。其實(shí),在英語中常常用it來指代身份(姓名、職業(yè)等)不詳?shù)娜恕S腥饲瞄T時(shí)我們常常用英語問“Who is it?”正確答案為D。
我們來總結(jié)一下it用來指代人的幾種情況:
★指代說話者心目中不太清楚的那個(gè)人,常在打電話或敲門時(shí)用。
E.g.—Who was it?是誰(打來的電話)?
—Was it Susan?(打電話的)是蘇珊?jiǎn)幔?/span>
—Yes,it was.是的,我是。
E.g.—Who is knocking at the door?誰在敲門?
—It's me.是我。
★指說話者心目中的那個(gè)人。
E.g.—Is it your sister,Kate?(那舊照片上的baby)是你姐姐凱特吧?—No!不是。
—Is it your brother?是你哥哥吧?—No!不是。
—I know—it's you!我知道了,(那)是你。
★指代性別不詳?shù)膵胗變夯蛟诓挥?jì)較性別時(shí),也可用it來指人。
E.g.It's a lovelybaby. Is it a boy or a girl?這是個(gè)可愛的寶寶,是男孩還是女孩?
E.g.I don't know who it is.我不知道他是誰。注意:看到這樣的句子(或聽到這樣的話)時(shí),要想一想,不要一看到it就把它譯成“它”。
★在回答用指示代詞表示人的特殊問句時(shí),常用it指人。
E.g.—Who's that?那人是誰?
—Is it Kate?是凱特嗎?
—Yes,I think you're right.It's Kate.是的,我想你說對(duì)了,是凱特。
9.There is _______ egg at home. Will you please get _______ for me, please?
A. no, someB. not, someC. not any, anyD. not an, any
解析:此題容易誤選C或D。這是由于死記語法引起的。因?yàn)榇蠹叶贾纒ome一般用于肯定句中,而any一般用于疑問句或否定句中,這樣一來A和B首先就給排除了。其實(shí),在表示請(qǐng)求或建議的疑問句,如Would you like…? / Whatwould you like…? / Could you/ I…? / What about…? / How about…? / Would/ will you please…?等等疑問句中習(xí)慣上要用some而不用any。又因?yàn)閚o可以直接修飾名詞,而not必須加上a/an或any之后才可以接名詞。該題中第一句There is no egg at home.=There is not any egg at home.因此正確答案為A。
10.—Is this your shoe?
— Yes, butwhere is _______?
A. the other oneB. other oneC. another oneD.the others
解析:本題容易誤選C,選擇C的同學(xué)要注意鞋是兩只,第一個(gè)人問“這是你的鞋(一只)嗎?”,第二個(gè)人回答“是的,但是另一只在哪兒?”,而another指的是三者或三者以上的另一個(gè),the other指的是兩者之中的另一個(gè),所以正確答案為A。
我們來擴(kuò)展一下another,other,the other,others的區(qū)別~
★another用于泛指三者或三者以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另一個(gè)”,后面可接單數(shù)名詞,也可省略后面的名詞,用作代詞。
E.g. I don't like this coat.Please give me another(one).我不喜歡這件外套,請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件。
I have another three days' holiday.我又有三天假。
★other可用作形容詞,修飾單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞,翻譯成“其他的”。
E.g.We study Chinese,maths,English and other lessons.我們學(xué)習(xí)語文、數(shù)學(xué)英語和其他課程。
I have no other place to go.我別無去處。
★the other用于特指兩者中的“另一個(gè)”或“另一部分”。
E.g.Where is the other sock?另一只襪子在哪里?
John is here, but the other children are at school.約翰在這里,其他的孩子都在學(xué)校。
★others表示泛指,意為“其他的人或物”,表示除去一部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全體,有列舉未能盡的意味。
E.g.There are a lot of people in the park.Some are walking,some are looking at the flowers,others are boating.公園里有許多人。有的人在散步,有的人在賞花,有的人在劃船。
11.—When shall we meet again next week?
—_______ day is possible. It’s no problem with me.
A.EitherB.NeitherC. EveryD. Any
解析:該題會(huì)有很多同學(xué)誤選A,第一個(gè)人問“我們下周什么時(shí)候再見面?”第二個(gè)人答“下周任何一天都可以再見面,我沒有問題?!盿ny在肯定句中意思是“任何的”,是泛指的“任何的”,范圍為兩者或兩者以上,所以答案為D。下周一共有七天,容易排除either,neither,因?yàn)閑ither是指兩者中的任意一個(gè),而neither是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定,意思是“兩者都不”。如果把next week改為next Monday or Tuesday,則必須選擇A。
12.You like playing basketball,andhe likes running, _______?
A.don’t youB. doesn’t heC. do youD. does he
解析:這道題好多同學(xué)都容易誤選A,該題考察反意疑問句。我們知道反意疑問句的原則是“前肯后否,前否后肯”,這道題的反意疑問句運(yùn)用在了并列分句結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)陳述句是由并列連接詞and, but, or, so等連接的兩個(gè)并列分句組成時(shí),反意疑問句部分一般與最接近的分句保持一致,也就是說,采用就近原則,對(duì)后一分句進(jìn)行反問。所以這道題其實(shí)不是對(duì)前面的句中進(jìn)行反問,而是對(duì)he likesrunning進(jìn)行反問,因此答案為B.doesn't he?
派生題:He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, _________?
答案是did he?
13.The teacher and writer ______ coming to our school this afternoon。
A. is B. are C. be D.was
解析:此題考查主謂一致,容易誤選B, the teacher andthe writer指同一個(gè)人。本題意為:那位老師兼作家今天下午要來我們學(xué)校。這道題的主謂一致需要遵循概念一致的原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)要看主語所表達(dá)的概念。由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語,如果是指同一概念(即and后面沒有冠詞),則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,指的是同一個(gè)人。如果是指不同概念(即and后面有冠詞),則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,指的是兩個(gè)不同的人。正確答案:A
E.g. The singer and dancerhas been invited to the party.
那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。如果把上面的題目改成
The teacher and the writer ______ coming to our school this afternoon。
A. is B. are C. be D. was
那主語就指的是這個(gè)老師和這位作家兩個(gè)人今天下午要來我們學(xué)校。
14.His work is better than __________.
A. anyoneB. anyone elseC. anyone else’sD. anyone’s else
解析:此題容易誤選B或D。比較級(jí)中,比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)該前后一致。His work 應(yīng)該與anyone else’s work相比較,題中選項(xiàng)省略了work,完整的應(yīng)該是His work is better than anyone else's work。anyone else任何其他人;anyone else’s 任何其他人的。這里考察的是名詞所有格,當(dāng)一些具有名詞性質(zhì)的復(fù)合不定代詞,如someone, anyone, everybody等和else連用時(shí),'s應(yīng)加在else后。正確答案:C。
E.g.somebody else's pencil 別人的鉛筆
15.He’ll use whathe has _____ her a new dress.
A.boughtB. to buy C. buyingD. been bought
解析:同學(xué)們一看到題中he has,很有可能想到現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),容易誤選A。其實(shí)本題是考查動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。題里的what he has是作use的賓語,句意為“他將用他所有給她買一條新的連衣裙”。正確答案:B
16.—Jolin,how long have you been a teacher as a pop star?
—______the end of last month, after Jolin’s English Diary Book came out。
A. Since B. In C. By D.At
解析:這道題的陷阱是B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng),根據(jù)句意第一個(gè)人問'Jolin, 作為一個(gè)明星,你成為一名教師多久了?”,第二個(gè)人答“自從上個(gè)月月底《Jolin的24堂英文日記課》這本書出版以后?!眴柧溥\(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),回答應(yīng)當(dāng)用since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),題目中的答句完整的應(yīng)該是I have been a teacher as a pop star since the end of last month, after Jolin's English Diary Book came out.正確答案:A
另外,我們?cè)賮硪黄鸹仡櫼幌虏煌樵~與the end 連用的辨析:
★in the end表示”在最后”,在句中單獨(dú)使用,后面不接of短語;
★at the end of表示“在...的最后”,后接名詞;
★by the end of表示“截止到...的最后”,后接名詞,常用于完成時(shí)。
17.The life we were used to ______ greatly since 1980.
A. change B. has changedC. changingD.have changed
解析:同學(xué)們可能會(huì)誤選A或C,beused to do “被用來做.. ”, be used to doing “習(xí)慣于做..”從習(xí)慣搭配角度來講沒錯(cuò), 但邏輯不對(duì)。這道題的考點(diǎn)并不是考查be used to do 或be used to doing 的用法, 根據(jù)句意:我習(xí)慣了的生活自從1980年以來發(fā)生了巨大變化。we were used to作the life的后置定語。這道題的考點(diǎn)是讓你正確分析句子成分, 判斷此句子缺謂語動(dòng)詞,并根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“since 1992”確定該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),而且根據(jù)主語the life,謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)。正確答案:B
18.—Where did you go on holiday this summer? England?
—You are_____. We went on a 10-day trip to Paris.
A.funnyB. rightC. coolD.close
解析:此題容易誤選B。但細(xì)心的學(xué)生一看最后一句就知道England和Paris并不是一個(gè)地方,說明問話人沒有說對(duì)。選擇D意思是“你快要說對(duì)了”。第一個(gè)人問“你今年夏天去哪兒度假了?英國嗎?”,第二個(gè)人回答“你快要說對(duì)了,我們?nèi)グ屠柰鎯毫?0天?!眂lose在這道題里是形容詞,意思是近的,接近的。正確答案:D
19.I could not get through the door because there was a big stone___________。
A. by the way B. on the way C. out of the way D. in the way
解析:這道題考察的是不同介詞與the way連用的辨析,根據(jù)句意:因?yàn)橛袎K石頭擋道,所以我不能通過門。D選項(xiàng)in the way表示的是“擋路”,因此選D。
給大家總結(jié)一下不同介詞與the way連用的詞組辨析:
bytheway順便說
ontheway在路上(在去...的路上,后面要加介詞to,例如“去學(xué)校的路上”,on the/one'swayto school)
in the way擋道,妨礙
out of the way不擋道
in this way用這種方式
in a way在某種程度上
20.Jim’s father got very angry _________ 。
A. with that he had done B. with what he had done
C. at what he had done D. at what had he done
解析:這道題容易誤選B。be/get/become angry with sb. 對(duì)某人生氣,be/get/become angry at sth.對(duì)某事生氣。所做的事發(fā)生在生氣之前,賓語從句用陳述句語序,題意為“吉姆的父親對(duì)吉姆之前做過的事非常生氣”,故選擇C。
21.The shop ________ at 8:00 a.m. and it ________ for ten hours everyday。
A. opens;is openB. is opened; opens
C. is open;has openedD. opened;opens
解析:這道題大家容易誤選C。首先,open作動(dòng)詞時(shí)是瞬間性動(dòng)詞,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,意為“開始營業(yè)、開門”,是不及物動(dòng)詞。因此第一個(gè)空選opens。其次,后半句根據(jù)句意:每天開門10小時(shí),表示狀態(tài),不表示動(dòng)作,因此選is open,這里open是形容詞,表示“開著的、營業(yè)的”。正確答案:A。另外,我們需要注意open的反義詞close作為動(dòng)詞表示“關(guān)門、不開放、不營業(yè)”時(shí),句中多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(也就相當(dāng)于形容詞)。
E.g.The museum is closed on Mondays.博物館每逢星期一閉館。
而表示“開放、營業(yè)”,我們直接用open作形容詞。
E.g. The new store will be open in the spring. 這家新商店將在春天開業(yè)。
22.Remember to spend some time____ your loved ones, because they are not going to be aroundforever.
A. fromB. withC.inD. on
解析:這道題95%的學(xué)生容易選錯(cuò)。主要是受spend…on思維定勢(shì)的影響。其實(shí)句意是:“記住與你喜歡的人或物度過一段時(shí)間,因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)永遠(yuǎn)與你在一起?!?,with表示“和、與”。正確答案:B
回顧一下四個(gè)花費(fèi)的辨析:
★cost主語一般是物,用于花費(fèi)金錢。物+cost+人+錢
E.g. My father bought a new car. It cost him ¥60,000.
我父親買了輛車,花了他6萬元。
★take主語只能是it,用于花費(fèi)時(shí)間。It takes/took sb. sometime to do sth.
E.g. It takes me an hour togo to school by bus every day.
我每天乘公共汽車上學(xué)要用一小時(shí)。
★spend主語是人,用于花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢。sb.+spends+錢/時(shí)間+on sth./(in) doing sth.
E.g.I spent 80 yuan on the dictionary.
這本字典我花了80元。
比較:I spent 2 hours on my homework yesterday.
I spent 2 hours (in) doing my homework yesterday.
我昨天花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。
★pay主語是人,用于花費(fèi)金錢。人+pay+錢+for 物
E.g.He paid 30 yuan for that jacket.
他為這件夾克衫花了30元錢。
23.—A latest magazine, please.
—Only one left. Would you like to have ________?
A.itB. oneC. this D. that
解析:這道題容易誤選B. 根據(jù)句意:“買一份最新報(bào)紙?!薄爸皇O乱环萘耍阋I這份嗎?”根據(jù)句意我們知道指的就是手里的那份報(bào)紙,并不是同一類事物。正確答案:A
這里考察的是it和one作代詞時(shí)的區(qū)別:
★it 特指上下文提到的同一對(duì)象,是同一事物。
E.g. The book is mine. It's very interesting.
這本書是我的,它很有趣。
★one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個(gè),同類卻不是同一個(gè)事物。
E.g. ---Who has a pen? 誰有鋼筆?
---I have one.我有一支。
24.________ is the population of the city?
A. How manyB. WhatC. How many peopleD. How much
解析:這道題容易誤選A、C。人口多少用what來提問,相當(dāng)于How many people are there in the city?在問到人口是多少時(shí),其實(shí)是在說“人口數(shù)是什么”,正確答案:B,不能選A,要注意排除中文的干擾。
另外,我們?cè)賮砹私庖幌滦揎椚丝诙嗌偎玫男稳菰~:
記住population表示“人口”可做可數(shù)名詞
★人口多:a large population
★人口少:a small population
25.He hardly had anything to eat, ________ he?
A. didn’tB.hadn’tC. hadD. did
解析:正確答案:D。選擇A的同學(xué)要注意hardly表示否定含義,意為“幾乎不”;選擇B和C的同學(xué)要注意,反意疑問句要用助動(dòng)詞。全句意為“他幾乎沒有什么東西可吃,是嗎?”這道題考察的是反意疑問句,遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原則,句中含有隱藏否定意義的單詞。
我們來總結(jié)一下隱藏否定意義的單詞:
如果主句中含有l(wèi)ittle, few, hardly, never, seldom, nothing等否定意義詞的陳述句,是否定句。附加疑問句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為肯定形式。
例如:There is nothing wrong with your car, is there?你的車沒壞,對(duì)不對(duì)?
You are seldom late for school, are you?你很少上學(xué)遲到,對(duì)不對(duì)?
但是,否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。如unhappy, careless(粗心)等,只是詞語意義的否定,而不能構(gòu)成整個(gè)句子的否定。
例如:It is impossible, isn't it?這不可能,是嗎?
She is careless to her friends, isn't she?她對(duì)她的朋友粗心,是嗎?
26.—It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now.
—OK.______ .
A. Take it easy B.Go slowlyC. Stay longer D. See you
解析:按照中國人的習(xí)慣,同學(xué)們可能要選B或C,而英語中在這個(gè)時(shí)候要用“See you.”,表示告別。句意為“很晚了,恐怕現(xiàn)在我得走了?!薄昂玫模僖??!盉和C選項(xiàng)都是中式英語,不符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。正確答案:D
另外,我們來看看這里的A選項(xiàng)'Take it easy.' 這句話可是地地道道的英文表達(dá)哦~
★Take it easy.用來側(cè)重心理上的“別緊張、放輕松”。
E.g. Take it easy. Just give it a try. 放輕松,就試一試。
★Take your time. 用來側(cè)重時(shí)間上的“別著急、慢慢來”。
E.g. You still have much time to do it, take your time!
你還要很多時(shí)間做這件事,慢慢來!
27.—Can I help you?
—____,please.
A.Two teasB.Two cups of teas
C.Two cup teasD.Two cup of tea
解析:這道題應(yīng)選A 。要做好這道題,先要弄清tea的兩種用法:
★表示“茶”,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù):
E.g.I don't like to drink tea.我不喜歡喝茶。
Would you like a cup of tea?要喝杯茶嗎?
★在口語中可以表示“一杯茶”,是可數(shù)名詞:
E.g. —What can I do for you?你要吃點(diǎn)什么?
—Two teas,please.請(qǐng)來兩杯茶。
但是值得注意的是,雖然以上兩種用法都可以,但千萬不要將這兩種用法混雜在一起。如可以說two teas,也可以說two cups of tea,但是不能說two cups of teas。
具有類似用法的詞還有coffee(咖啡):
★表示“咖啡”,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù):
E.g. I prefer tea to coffee.我喜歡喝茶不喜歡喝咖啡。
He served us with two cups of coffee.他用兩杯咖啡招待我們。
★在口語中可以表示“一杯咖啡”,是可數(shù)名詞:
E.g. —Can I help you? 你要點(diǎn)什么?
—Two coffees,please.請(qǐng)來兩杯咖啡。
同時(shí)也要注意不要將以上兩種用法混在一起。如可以說two coffees,也可以說two cups of coffee,但是絕對(duì)不能說two cups of coffees 。
28.—The boy was _____ frightened to see the animals _______ he couldn’t move.
—In fact, they don’t attack people unless they are cornered.
A. too, toB. so, thatC.very, thatD. such, that
解析:同學(xué)們看到第一句的to可能會(huì)認(rèn)為是too...to...結(jié)構(gòu),誤選A,其實(shí)不然,依據(jù)題意“這個(gè)男孩看見這些動(dòng)物后如此的害怕以致于不能動(dòng)了。”“事實(shí)上,除非他們被逼急了,否則他們不會(huì)攻擊人的。”題中的to是to do不定式,作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)是“so...that...”,“如此...以致于...”。正確答案:B
另外,題中有一個(gè)詞是corner,我們之前學(xué)過它作名詞,當(dāng)“角落”講,而在這道題中用作動(dòng)詞,“使(人或動(dòng)物)走投無路,逼入絕境”,多用被動(dòng)形式。
E.g.The man was finally cornered bythe police in a garage.
那名男子最終被警方逼到了車庫里。
29.Look at the photo. The man ________me is my uncle.
A.next B.beside C.besides D.close
解析:根據(jù)句意“看這張照片。在我旁邊的這個(gè)男人是我的叔叔”。題中C選項(xiàng)besides的意思是“此外”,最不合乎邏輯。正確答案:B
這道題考察的是關(guān)于表示“相近”的幾個(gè)詞的辨析:
★next后面一定要加介詞to,next to表示“與…鄰接的,其次的”;
E.g. The shop is next to the school.
★beside表示“在…旁邊”,一般指空間上
E.g. Come and sit beside me.
★close后面也要有介詞to,close to表示“靠近”,beside是在邊上,不太靠近;close to相對(duì)來說更靠近點(diǎn)。
E.g. He was standing close to the door.
30.— Have some candy?
— I am sorry, I have diabetes.
— It doesn’t matter, because it is _________of sugar.
A.none B. without C.free D.not
解析:題意為“來一些糖果嗎?”“對(duì)不起,我有糖尿病。”“沒關(guān)系,這些糖果是無糖的。”這道題考察的是'be free of sth.'表示”沒有...,不含...',如果用without應(yīng)該說成'It doesn't matter, because it is without sugar.'但是,同學(xué)們要清楚,英語中表示'沒有...,不含...'更經(jīng)常用'be free of sth.'正確答案:C
31.The stories of Batman and Spiderman have been made_________filmsand TV programs.
A. into B. from C. ofD. up of
解析:根據(jù)句意“蝙蝠俠和蜘蛛俠的故事已經(jīng)被拍成電影和電視節(jié)目了?!?be made into'的意思是“被制成... ”,正確答案:A。這道題實(shí)際上考察了be made與不同介詞搭配的辨析,這道題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以和be made搭配,但是意思大不相同,具體選擇要根據(jù)語意來判斷。
我們來總結(jié)一下be made常見結(jié)構(gòu):
★be made in在某地制造“Made in China''中國制造”
★be made of'由...制成'(強(qiáng)調(diào)從成品上能看出原材料)
E.g. The table is made of wood. 這張桌子是用木頭制成的。
★bemade from'由...制成'(強(qiáng)調(diào)從成品上看不出原材料)
E.g. Salt is made from sea water. 鹽是由海水制成的。
★be made into 被制成...
E.g. The material will be made into a dress. 這塊料子是要做成連衣裙的。★be made after仿照...制成
E.g. The new church is made after St. Peter's in Rome.
這座新教堂是仿照羅馬圣彼得教堂建造的。
★be made up of 由...組成
E.g. Our class is made up of six groups. 我們班是由六個(gè)小組組成的。
32.A knife and a fork _________ on the table.A knife and fork ________on the table.
A.is; is B.are; are C.are; is D. is; are
解析:此題考察的是主謂一致,兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示同一人、同一物或同一個(gè)概念,或表示不可分割的整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式a knife and a fork表示物體是兩件,是一把刀和一把叉,所以用復(fù)數(shù),選are;a knife and fork表示刀和叉是同一件物品,是一套刀叉,所以用單數(shù),選is。正確答案:C
33.Bread and butter ________ a daily food in the west.(用be動(dòng)詞填空,并翻譯整個(gè)句子)
解析:這道題考察的就是有些用and 連接起來的單數(shù)名詞,由于關(guān)系密切,已被看做一個(gè)整體,因而作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。屬于這種情況的還有 knife and fork 刀叉,needle and thread 針線,fish and chips 炸魚加炸薯?xiàng)l,a horse and carriage 馬車,law and order 法律和秩序等。正確答案:is涂黃油的面包是西方的一種日常食品。
34.The people speak __________ of the film Not One Less. It is reallynecessary for every child to go to school.
A. brightly B. loudly C. happilyD. highly
解析:這道題考察的是'speak highly of sb./sth.' 意為“高度贊揚(yáng)某人/某事”,整道題的句意為“人們高度贊揚(yáng)‘一個(gè)都不能少’這部電影。對(duì)于每個(gè)孩子來說上學(xué)是真地很有必要的。”那么我們?cè)賹W(xué)一個(gè)短語:“speak ill of sb.' 表示的是“說某人壞話”,ill當(dāng)形容詞時(shí)表示“生病的”,當(dāng)副詞時(shí),則表示“不利地”正確答案:D。
E.g. Kelly never speaks ill of anyone even if she doesn’t like him or her.
就算不喜歡別人,凱莉也不會(huì)說他們壞話。
35.As well as __________ the fresh air,we enjoyed the beautiful scenery.
A. breath B. breathe C. breathingD. to breathe
解析:正確答案:C,這道題大家很可能誤選A,認(rèn)為as well as連接的是enjoyed和breathed兩個(gè)并列的過去時(shí),其實(shí)不然,就as well as這個(gè)短語給大家系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)一下用法:
★as well as 可連接并列的單詞或短語。
E.g. The childis lively as well as healthy.
這孩子既健康又活潑。
★as well as 連接兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),它們的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。
E.g. He publishes aswell as prints his own books.
他的書是他自己印刷出版的。
E.g. We are repairing the roofas well as painting the walls.
我們?cè)诜鬯Ρ谕瑫r(shí)也在修理屋頂。
★as well as 與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),其后可用V-ing形式,尤其as well as 位于句首時(shí),此時(shí)相當(dāng)于in addition to。
E.g. As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.
他不但摔斷了腿,而且還傷了胳膊。
E.g. She singsas wellas playing the piano.
她不但會(huì)彈鋼琴,而且會(huì)唱歌。
★如果as well as 前面是動(dòng)詞不定式,那么其后的動(dòng)詞也是不定式,但to要省略。
E.g. You cannot expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.
你不可能叫她既照顧孩子又做家務(wù)。
★由as well as 連接的復(fù)合主語并不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù),也就是我們常說的就遠(yuǎn)原則。
E.g. Helen as well as I iseager to see the performance.
海倫和我一樣急于要看演出。
E.g. I as well as they am ready to help you.
不僅他們?cè)敢鈳椭?,我也愿意幫助你?/span>
★as well as 連接的人稱代詞既可以是主格也可以是賓格,但句意不同。
E.g. They have invited you as well as me.
他們邀請(qǐng)了我,也邀請(qǐng)了你。(you和me都作invited的賓語)
E.g. They have invitedyou as well as I.
他們和我一樣都邀請(qǐng)了你。(they和 I 都作invited的主語)
★as well as 用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)中,其意義不同。as well as 和not搭配使用,as well as 位于not前時(shí),兩者均否定;位于not后時(shí),否定前者,肯定后者。
E.g. George, as well ashis brother, has gone abroad.
喬治和他兄弟一樣都出國了。
E.g. George hasn”t goneabroad aswell as his brother.
喬治并沒有和他兄弟一樣出國去。(他兄弟一人出國)
E.g. George, as well as his brother, hasn’t gone abroad.
喬治和他兄弟都沒有出國。
★as well as 在意義上通常強(qiáng)調(diào)前者,而not only …but also在意義上則強(qiáng)調(diào)后者。
E.g. He’s got a car as well as a motorbike.
他不但有一輛摩托車,而且有一輛小汽車。 (= He’s got not only a motorbike but also a car. )
★注意as well as 有時(shí)會(huì)引起歧義句。
E.g. He can speak french as well as English.
(1)他會(huì)說英語,也會(huì)說法語。
(2)他說法語能說得像英語一樣好。(…as well as he speaks English)
36.—Where does Mr. Smith work?
—He works in a glass _____ around here.
A.work B.works C.working D.workes
解析:此題容易誤選C,誤認(rèn)為:因?yàn)槠淝坝昧瞬欢ü谠~a,所以不能選work(因?yàn)椴豢蓴?shù))和works(因?yàn)槭菑?fù)數(shù)),D 顯然是錯(cuò)的。正確答案:B
這里work 有三個(gè)意思很容易弄混:
★表示“工作”是不可數(shù)名詞:
E.g. He has too much work to do.他要做的工作太多。
★表示“著作”或“作品”是可數(shù)名詞,但多用復(fù)數(shù):
E.g. The mangained his wealth by printing words off famous writers.
他通過印刷著名作家的作品而贏得他的財(cái)富。
★表示“工廠”只用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可表示單數(shù)意義:
E.g. The glass works is near the station.玻璃工廠在車站附近。
類似地注意以下各名詞因變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,而導(dǎo)致含義有變化:
green 綠色——greens 青菜,蔬菜wood 木頭,木材——woods 小樹林
manner方式,方法——manners 禮貌arm 臂——arms 武器
water水——waters河川,海,溫泉spirit精神——spirits心境
quarter四分之一——quarters軍營custom習(xí)慣——customs關(guān)稅
force力氣——forces軍隊(duì)
37.— He told us that the earth____ round the sun.
— At one time some scientists thought that the sun____ round the earth.
A.turns,turns B.turned,turned
C.turned,turns D.turns,turned
解析:此題容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為,賓語從句是客觀真理,大家學(xué)過“客觀真理永一現(xiàn)”,所以都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(選A)。但是具體問題要具體分析,第一句意為“他告訴我們地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)”,賓語從句是客觀真理,選擇turns,第二句意為“曾經(jīng)一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)”,這里的賓語從句并不是客觀真理(所以不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)),這里要用到主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則,所以選擇turned。正確答案:D。
下列情況即使主句是過去時(shí),賓語從句也用現(xiàn)在時(shí):
★表示客觀真理:
E.g. He told the little boy that the sun rises in the east.
他告訴這個(gè)小男孩太陽從東方升起。
★表示科學(xué)事實(shí):
E.g. The teacher said that hydrogen is the lightest element.
老師說氫是最輕的元素。
★某些格言:
E.g. He knew that pridegoes before a fall.
他知道驕兵必?cái) ?/font>
38.I met Jim last week.We____ each other for about twenty years sincewe left Japan.
A.didn't meet B.don't meet
C.haven't metD.hadn't met
解析:這道題容易誤選C,因?yàn)檫@句當(dāng)中有一個(gè)由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。確實(shí),在與since狀語從句連用的主句中,時(shí)態(tài)通常是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
E.g. He has lived here since he came here.自從他來到這里,他就一直住在這兒。
E.g. We haven't heard from her since she left.自從她離開后,我們就一直未收到她的來信。
以上各例之所以用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),是因?yàn)閟ince表示“自從...以來”,這剛好與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的持續(xù)性用法一致。但是這種用法不是絕對(duì)的,有時(shí)在特定的語言環(huán)境下也可能有例外。試比較:
1.We haven't met each other for about 20 years since we left Japan.
2.I met Jim last week.We hadn't met each other for about twenty years since we left Japan.
第1 句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),這大家比較好理解。但是第2句用過去完成時(shí),有的童鞋就感到費(fèi)解了。其實(shí)第2句用過去完成時(shí)的主要原因是I met Jim last week,既然“我上個(gè)星期見到了吉姆”,所以“30 年未見面”顯然應(yīng)在“上星期”這一過去時(shí)間之前(即“過去的過去”),所以要用過去完成時(shí)。正確答案:D
39.My friend and I keep in touch_______ writing often.
A. with B.on C. by D. from
解析:這道題同學(xué)們?nèi)菀渍`選A。大家的思維定勢(shì)是 keep in touch with sb.(與……保持聯(lián)系)是一個(gè)固定搭配,然而這道題空格是writing(寫信),不是某人,因此只能是靠某種方式保持聯(lián)系,選擇方式介詞by,故答案選C
接下來,我們來拓展一下關(guān)于“聯(lián)系”初中階段應(yīng)掌握的幾個(gè)詞組:
★keep in touch with sb.和某人保持聯(lián)系(側(cè)重狀態(tài))
★get in touch with sb.和某人取得聯(lián)系(側(cè)重動(dòng)作)
★lose touch with sb.和某人失去聯(lián)系
E.g. I don't know you have lost touch with her. 我不知道你同她失去了聯(lián)系。
It was in 2000 that I lost touch with her. 我是在2000年同她失去聯(lián)系的。
注意:在完成時(shí)態(tài)中,lose touch with... 不能同表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用,如要表示“失去聯(lián)系多久了”,要用be out of touch with sb.
E.g. 我和湯姆失去聯(lián)系兩年了。
誤:I have lost touch with Tom for two years.
正:I have been out of touch with Tom for two years.
40.Father made a promise _______ I passed the exam he would buy me abike.
A. that B.if C. whether D. that if
解析:這道題同學(xué)們?nèi)菀渍`選B。大家的思維定勢(shì)為:此處是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。整句話的意思是“爸爸許諾如果我考試幾個(gè)了,他就給我買一輛自行車”。分析一下句子,promise后接一個(gè)用that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,that不能省略,同位語從句中還有一個(gè)用if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,所以答案選D。
同學(xué)們,那么我們來了解一下同位語從句:
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實(shí)際內(nèi)容,它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,對(duì)前面的名詞(短語)加以補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋,它們之間的關(guān)系是等值關(guān)系。
同位語從句用that引導(dǎo),that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞之后,如:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,連詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分,不能省略。
E.g. Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in great danger.
吉姆得知整個(gè)村子都處在極度危險(xiǎn)中的消息。
41.It’s dangerous to let children who are________ go swimming in the river alone.
A. too young toB. old enough to
C. so youngD. young as to
解析:此題同學(xué)們易誤選A。大家的思維定勢(shì)是 too…to+動(dòng)詞原形,表示“太...以致于不能”,然而仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子,不難看出who are so young是children的定語從句,根據(jù)let sb. do sth. ,所以答案選C,整句話的句意為“讓如此小的孩子在河里獨(dú)自游泳是危險(xiǎn)的”。
42.That is the reason________ he gave us for carrying out the plan.
A. because B. why C. when D. which
解析:這道題同學(xué)們易誤選B。大家的思維定勢(shì)為:the reason后應(yīng)接why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子,the reason在定語從句中做gave的賓語,which he gave us是reason的定語從句,而why是關(guān)系副詞,在從句中只能充當(dāng)狀語,故選關(guān)系代詞which,整句話的意思是“那就是他給我們執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的原因”,所以答案應(yīng)選D。carry out是“執(zhí)行”的意思,一般后面接的賓語是plan、task(任務(wù))、project(項(xiàng)目、工程)等。
43.Is there a shop around _____we can buy some toilet articles?
A. thatB. whichC.whereD. what
解析:此題很容易誤選B,認(rèn)為around是介詞,選which用來代替前面的名詞shop,在這里用做介詞around的賓語。這樣分析語法上并不算錯(cuò),但問題是,照此分析,此句的意思即為:“有沒有這樣一個(gè)商店,在它的附近我們可以買到梳妝用品?”這樣的句意顯然不合事理,因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔ?偸窃谏痰昀锩尜I東西,而不是在商店附近買東西。其實(shí)這道題的最佳選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是C,其中的around是副詞(意為“在附近”),而不是介詞,其后where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞shop,句意為:“附近有沒有我們可以買到梳妝用品的商店?”
44.—— John has hurt his leg.
—— Really?________?
A. Who did that?B.How did that happen?
C. What's wrong with him? D. Why was he so careless?
解析:如果選A 或C: 語法、搭配沒有錯(cuò), 但題干已說明是John 弄傷了自己的腿,這是明知故問; 選D:用的是一種責(zé)問或責(zé)備的語氣, 不夠禮貌, 故不選; 選B: 正確!當(dāng)對(duì)話中聽到對(duì)方說不好的消息時(shí),一般首先要表示出你的難過、同情或是關(guān)心, 如I’m sorry to hear that; I hope you will feel better soon;或如本題所示表示你的關(guān)切。
45.— _______do you _______ about spring?
—The flowers and the green trees.
A.How, like B. How, think C. What, think D. What, like
解析:這道題陷阱選項(xiàng)為A或B或C。這是由于忽略語境造成的。由答語The flowers and the green trees. 可知,所問的是“你喜歡春天的什么?”而不是“你覺得春天怎么樣?”。正確答案為D。如果問“你覺得春天怎么樣?”,應(yīng)該是“What do you think of spring?'或”How do you like spring?',A、B、C選項(xiàng)表達(dá)都不正確。
46.The film he isn’t interested _______ really interesting.
A. in sounding B. to sound C.sounds D. in sounds
解析:此題易誤選A。一看這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)就可能會(huì)認(rèn)為介詞in后面接v-ing形式,其實(shí)he isn’t interested in是充當(dāng)后置定語,be interested in是一個(gè)固定搭配,去掉這個(gè)定語從句后,我們可以很清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)整個(gè)句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,故正確答案是D,整句話的意思是“他不感興趣的那部電影聽起來真的很有趣”。
47.It’s going to rain. I think it is better _______ at home than _______out for a walk.
A. to stay; going B. to stay; to go
C. stay; go D. go; went
解析:受had better句型的影響易誤選C。it是形式主語,真正的主語是不定式,因此,第一空填to stay。than前后兩成分表示對(duì)比關(guān)系,形式上要一致,所以第二個(gè)空也要用不定式。句意為“將要下雨了。我認(rèn)為呆在家里比外出散步要好“。正確答案:B
48.—How do you write with your new pen?
— _______.
A. Quickly and neatly B. Quick and neat
C. Quick and neatly D. Quickly and neat
解析:這是一道語境陷阱題。同學(xué)們?nèi)菀渍`選B,題干上文意思為“用新筆你寫字寫得如何?”,下文答語是“我寫得又快又整潔”,修飾動(dòng)詞write,用副詞充當(dāng),完整的答語是I write quickly and neatly with my new pen.正確答案:A
49.Before he went abroad, he spent as much time ashe ____ English.
A. could learning B. learnedC. to learn D. could learn
解析:根據(jù)句意“在他出國之前,他花費(fèi)盡可能多的時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)英語?!贝祟}中包含句型結(jié)構(gòu)spend… (in) doing sth., 其中題中spent的賓語為much time , much time作為先行詞,as...as he could是“盡他所能......”,could后面省略了動(dòng)詞spend,這道題的核心結(jié)構(gòu)是spend … (in) doing sth.,因此選A。
50.The man whose songs we are fond of ____ in our city next week.
A.singing B.to sing C.will sing D.sang
解析:這道題中whose songs we are fond of是定語從句,修飾中心詞the man,短語be fond of表示“喜歡......',of是介詞,賓語是the man,而句中時(shí)間狀語為next week,是一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志,答案為C.
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