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到底是接動(dòng)詞不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞?
英語(yǔ):到底是接動(dòng)詞不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞?
 
接不定式的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ) (否定式NOT放在TO之前)

agree,ask, afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起),apply(申請(qǐng)), attempt,aim, arrange,

beg,do/try one`s best(努力),

choose,claim,

demand(要求), desire, decide, determine, discuss,dare, decline, deserve,

expect,

fail(不能、沒(méi)有),

hope, help(幫助), happen(碰巧),

intend,

learn(學(xué)習(xí)), long,

mean(計(jì)劃), manage, make an attempt,  make a decision, make up one’s mind(決定),

offer(主動(dòng)提出),

plan, prepare(準(zhǔn)備), pretend(假裝), promise(同意),

refuse(拒絕),

should like,

try,teach,think, threaten,

undertake,
wish, want, would like, would prefer(), wish,希望、愿意), wonder,


考題
1. We agreed ____C____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. (全國(guó)卷)
   A. having met    B. meeting    C. to meet         D. to have met
2. She pretended __A____me when I passed by. (全國(guó)卷)
   A. not to see      B. not seeing    C. to not see     D. having not seen

3、I have learned to drive the car.
4、They refused to accept my suggestion.
5、He promised to come.

6、I decide to take a walk outside.我覺(jué)得憋氣。我決定去外面散散步。

7、I wish to see you soon.我希望早些見(jiàn)到你。

二、只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)

appreciate, admit, avoid, allow, pay attention to,admit to,adapt to ,adjust to,appeal to,advise,accuse…of控告;譴責(zé),aim at 目的在于,旨在;瞄準(zhǔn);企圖,acknowledge,

bear,ban,be fundamental to,be dedicated to,be accustomed to,burst out,

consider, can’t help, cater to,can't stand,come near,

deny,delay,devote to,due to,defer,dislike,

enjoy,be equal to(能勝任;等同于),excuse,escape,

finish, forbid,fancy,

get down to (認(rèn)真處理),give up,

have a good/wonderful/hard time (in),have done,

imagine ,involve,include,

key...to,

look forward to sth./doing (sth.),lead to,

mind, miss, mention,

object to,owing to,

practise, practice, pardon,prevent,postpone,put off,

quit,

risk,resist,refer to,recall,

suggest,stand,see to (負(fù)責(zé)),stick to,be suited to,submit to(being done) 服從, save,

turn to doing (改行..),spend time (in), thank you for,

understand,

witness to,

 

例如
1、Have you finished repairing your car?
2、She suggested spending another week in the country.
3、Do you feel like taking a walk.

4、I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island.(2001上海高考)  

5、While shopping, people sometimes can't help being persuaded into buying something they don't really need (上海96)

6、I can't stand working with Jane in the same office, she just refuses to stop talking while she works.(北京2006)    

7、I enjoy cycling.我喜歡騎腳踏車(chē)。

8、I forget that you dislike smoking.我忘記你不喜歡抽煙了。

9、Excuse(Forgive,Pardon) my interrupting you.原諒我打擾你了。

10、She couldn't help smiling at the words.聽(tīng)了這話她禁不住笑了。

 

順口溜 :

                    考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想; 避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練, 否認(rèn)完成就欣賞;

                    禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn),不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡;難以忍受始反對(duì),想要成功堅(jiān)持忙;

                    習(xí)慣放棄有困難,導(dǎo)致專心防道歉。

第一句包含的動(dòng)詞有:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,

第二節(jié)包含的動(dòng)詞有:admit, delay/put off, fancy(想像,想要),

第三句包含的動(dòng)詞有:avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,

第四句句包含的動(dòng)詞有:deny(否認(rèn),拒絕), finish, enjoy/appreciate,

第五句包含的動(dòng)詞有:forbid, imagine, risk

第六句包含的動(dòng)詞有:can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape.

第七句包含的動(dòng)詞有:can't stand(難以忍受),set about 開(kāi)始,著手,object to(反對(duì)),

第八句包含動(dòng)詞有:feel like(想要),succeed in (成功),stick to(堅(jiān)持) ,insist on(堅(jiān)持,強(qiáng)調(diào),堅(jiān)決要求) ,be busy (in)(忙于做某事)

第九句包含的動(dòng)詞有:be used/accustomed to(習(xí)慣于……),give up(放棄),have difficulty/trouble (in), (做某事有困難)

第十句包含的動(dòng)詞有:lead to(導(dǎo)致), devote to(將…奉獻(xiàn)給;把…專用于),  prevent…… from……( 預(yù)防,防止),apologize for(為……道歉),  ,

 

三、既能接動(dòng)名詞也能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)

1、 接動(dòng)名詞或不定式意義上差別不大的

Need,like(喜歡),love(喜歡),hate(憎恨),prefer(寧可),begin(開(kāi)始),start(開(kāi)始),continue(繼續(xù)),can’t bear(不能忍受),bother(麻煩),intend(想要),attempt(試圖),cease(停止),

 

注意:當(dāng) like, love, hate, prefer 與 would/should 連用時(shí);當(dāng) begin/ start 本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或后接 know, realize, understand 等靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后的動(dòng)詞只能用不定式。

注意:在like, love, prefer等動(dòng)詞后,若表示經(jīng)常性的抽象的動(dòng)作,多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ);若指特定的或具體的行動(dòng),則用不定式更多一些。例如:

注意:在begin/start等詞的后面, 在下面三種情況下,后接動(dòng)詞不定式較好:
主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí):Ice begins to melt.
本身是v-ing 形式時(shí): We are starting to clean the classroom.
其后的動(dòng)詞與想法,感情有關(guān)時(shí):I begin to realize that he is wrong.

例如

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swimming today.
She prefers walking to cycling.
I prefer to stay at home today.

I’d like to tell you something. 我想告訴你一些情況。

I’d hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜歡一個(gè)人過(guò)圣誕節(jié)。

He was beginning to cook. 他開(kāi)始做飯。

He started to realize that he was wrong. 他開(kāi)始意識(shí)到自己錯(cuò)了。
He likes to sing [singing]. 他喜歡唱歌。

It has started to rain [raining]. 開(kāi)始下雨了。

You needn’t bother to come up [coming up]. 你不必費(fèi)心來(lái)了。

The baby continued to cry [crying] all night. 這孩子哭了一整夜。

Do you like playing(to play) chess?
When did you begin learning(to learn) French?

2、接動(dòng)名詞或不定式意義上差別很大的

remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try

regret 后接動(dòng)名詞,通常表示:對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示后悔,跟不定式通常表示:對(duì)將來(lái)的情況表示抱歉。mean后接動(dòng)名詞,通常表示:意味著,不定式通常表示:打算干什么。try 后接動(dòng)名詞,通常表示:式一式做某事,跟不定式通常表示:設(shè)法去做某事。

例如
I remembered posting the letter today. 我記得今天把信寄走了。
Please remember to post the letter today. 請(qǐng)別忘了今天把信寄走。
I regret to inform you that you won’t be able to attend the class.

我們遺憾地通知你們,你們將不能參加這個(gè)班。
I regretted having done such a thing.我后悔做了這樣一件事。
Failing this exam means waiting for a year.這次考式不通過(guò)意味著要等上一年。
I didn’t mean to argue with you.我不想和你爭(zhēng)辯。 

Let’s trying doing the work in this way.這項(xiàng)工作咱們這樣式式看。
I’ will work hard, and try to improve.我將努力工作,并設(shè)法改進(jìn)
 
現(xiàn)在分詞表示兩種意思,一是動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,二是表示主動(dòng)。不定式表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如用被動(dòng)就得用,to be done.
I see him crossing the road. 表示正在進(jìn)行。would you like sth. to eat? 未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

做狀語(yǔ)的比較,She studies very hard, leading to a successful life.順其自然的結(jié)果。
                          She want to the river,only to be drown.意外的結(jié)果。
 
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