①經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作;②長(zhǎng)期存在的特征或狀態(tài);③普遍真理、客觀事實(shí)等。構(gòu)成:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用行為動(dòng)詞的原形,但第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞的詞尾要加-S。a. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例:Li Ming always helps the old man. 李明一直幫助這位老人。We usually go to school on foot. 我們通常步行上學(xué)。They sometimes go fishing on Sundays. 他們有時(shí)周日去釣魚(yú)。b. 表示永恒不變的事實(shí)或真理。例:A bird flies with wings. 鳥(niǎo)用翅膀飛翔。c. 用在格言、諺語(yǔ)中。例:Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?div style="height:15px;">
·· 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)具體用法:1.表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):always,usually,every morning/night/evening/day/week/year,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month,hardly,ever,never.e.g: I leave home for school at 7:00 everymorning.2.表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、能力、特征和狀態(tài)。e.g:I don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.3.表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。e.g :The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lives in the east of China.4.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。5.表示預(yù)先計(jì)劃或安排好的行為。6.小說(shuō)故事用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí)。新聞報(bào)道類的內(nèi)容,為了體現(xiàn)其“新鮮”性,也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。7.有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體行為時(shí),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。8.表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)9表示格言或警句中?!.g Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?div style="height:15px;">
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current andstand back.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。· 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法表:第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成見(jiàn)下表:詞構(gòu)成舉例一般情況詞尾+s動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)work(工作)stop(停止)worksstops以-ch, -sh, s, x, o結(jié)尾詞尾+esteach(教)wash(洗)dress(裝扮)fix(安裝)go(去)teacheswashesdressesfixesgoes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加esfly(飛翔)try(嘗試)fliestries不規(guī)則變化have和be動(dòng)詞 變have為has 變be為am,is,are例: have-has; be-am,is,are· 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊用法:一些動(dòng)詞可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):verbs of the senses: hear,see,taste,smell,feelverbs of the thinking: believe,know,mean,realize,think,rememberverbs of the linking: dislike,fear,heat,like,love,wantverbs of the possession: belong,have,own,possess現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞· 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在”,動(dòng)作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中”。所謂“正在進(jìn)行中”,是指在談到這件事的時(shí)候,這個(gè)動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行中。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“系動(dòng)詞am/ is/ are+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成。例:We are reading the text. 我們正在讀課文。My sister is working in a hospital. 我的妹妹在醫(yī)院工作。They are watching TV now. 他們正在看電視。What are you doing, Li Lei? 你現(xiàn)在正在干什么,李雷?· 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:A表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例:We are waiting for you.B. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)未必正在進(jìn)行。例:Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě),只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的但不確定會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)生的將來(lái)活動(dòng)。I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊爾旅行)We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我們明天乘飛機(jī)去巴黎)· 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別:一、準(zhǔn)確理解兩種時(shí)態(tài)的主要含義:(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):1.表示事物的本質(zhì)特性或客觀存在,沒(méi)有時(shí)限性。The table ____ soft。(feels) 表特性特征。Japan ___ in the east of China?!?(lives) 表客觀事實(shí)2.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為,可帶頻率時(shí)間。The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.Father doesn’t smoke. (習(xí)慣)3.表說(shuō)話時(shí)的狀態(tài),感覺(jué)或結(jié)果,一般用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如:It doesn’t matter.Does it hurt? (感覺(jué)結(jié)果)4.特殊用法:-在條件、時(shí)間、讓步從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)。-If you go there,I’ll help you.—用在begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暫謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表規(guī)定計(jì)劃。The plane takes off at 11:30. (不受主觀支配的計(jì)劃)-在劇本、解說(shuō)、標(biāo)題或there(here)開(kāi)頭的句中表進(jìn)行There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.I declare the meeting opens.(正在宣布)He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 (正在發(fā)生)(二)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):1.說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生,進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Look! Dark clouds are gathering . (正在發(fā)生)2.表現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行,但此刻不一定正在進(jìn)行的事。He usually gets up at 6:00,but this week he is getting up at 7:00. (現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行,但說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在起床)3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊意義-表示主觀打算常用于 go,come,leave,start,begin 等,位移、趨向動(dòng)詞。How long are you staying here (準(zhǔn)備停留)-表示眼前剛過(guò)去的語(yǔ)意即“話音剛落”,適用于tell,say,talk,discuss ….You don’t believe it You know I’m telling the truth.-表示安慰、關(guān)心、喜歡、討厭等感情色彩。He is always making noises in class. (討厭)-在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行。Don’t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow.二、嚴(yán)格區(qū)分進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般時(shí)的語(yǔ)義1.持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)表持續(xù)情況,經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性行為或客觀存在的事實(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí)表暫時(shí)性或有限時(shí)刻的持續(xù)。2.短暫動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)敘述事實(shí),特征,能力而短暫動(dòng)作進(jìn)行時(shí)描述反復(fù)發(fā)生,即將發(fā)生或剛開(kāi)始行為。3.短暫動(dòng)詞和靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般時(shí)表示實(shí)際情況客觀狀態(tài)、結(jié)果、特征、特性,進(jìn)行時(shí)表未完成含開(kāi)始或漸進(jìn)之意。The bus stops. (車停了-事實(shí))The bus is stopping. (漸漸停下來(lái))I love the job. (靜態(tài)事實(shí))I am loving the job. ( 漸漸愛(ài)上了)4.come,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般時(shí)態(tài)表客觀規(guī)定計(jì)劃,進(jìn)行時(shí)表主觀打算推測(cè)。Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. (表客觀規(guī)定計(jì)劃)The plane is taking off an hour later.(主觀判斷)5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)帶always,continually, constantly, for ever等頻率副詞表感情色彩,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)則沒(méi)有此用法。· 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式人稱構(gòu)成形式第一人稱單數(shù)I+am+ing.第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)We+are+ing.第二人稱單(復(fù))數(shù)You+are+ing第三人稱單數(shù)He(She,it)+is+ing第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)They+are+ing句式肯定句主語(yǔ)+be(is/am/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞否定句主語(yǔ)+be(is/am/are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問(wèn)句(is/am/are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞be特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+相應(yīng)be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth?間接引語(yǔ)中改為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。·現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:詞構(gòu)成舉例一般情況詞尾+ing動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞gowalkgoingwalking以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾去e,再加ingwritecomewritingcoming以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔以字母雙寫(xiě)詞尾+ingruncutrunningcutting以ie結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)變ie為y+ingdieliedyinglying結(jié)尾為c且c讀作/k/時(shí)在結(jié)尾加k再加ingpicnicpicnicking