一、外周血樣本
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人外周血單個核細胞(Peripheralblood mononuclear cells ,PBMCs )的分離制備:
1)醫(yī)院及其血液中心采取的新鮮的肝素抗凝的2ml外周靜脈血備用;
2)將肝素抗凝的靜脈血用等體積的PBS稀釋并充分混勻;
3)將人淋巴細胞分離液ficoll從 4 °C 取出,恢復至室溫,取4ml轉移至15ml 試管中備用;
4)用無菌吸管吸取稀釋后的靜脈血,沿管壁緩慢入至人淋巴細胞分離液液面上
(ficoll分離液:抗凝血1:1),緩緩地不要晃蕩,保持界面的清楚;
5)將加完外周靜脈血后的 50 ml 試管放入臺式離心機中,2200 rpm 水平離心,
室溫 25 min,注意離心機升降速都調至最慢,降速設置中一定要設置成no break,或者只有1成的制動。
6)離心完畢后,小心取出15 ml 試管,離心后管內可分為三層,在上、中層界面處有一層以單個核細胞為主的白色云霧層狹窄帶,即為我們所需要的單個核細胞;
7)用無菌吸管吸取白色云霧層狹窄帶的單個核細胞,并置于另一 15 ml 離心管
中,加入5mlPBS,1500 rpm,室溫離心 5min,并充分洗滌細胞兩次;
8)末次離心后,棄去上清,加入完全 RPMI 1640 培養(yǎng)液重懸細胞,充分混勻;
9)用白細胞計數(shù)液計數(shù)單個核細胞,根據(jù)實驗所需,加入完全 1640培養(yǎng)液調整細胞濃度到所需要的濃度。
二、組織樣本
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常見的組織類型:小鼠脾臟、肝臟、心臟、肺臟、腦組織、腫瘤組織、人腫瘤組織、皮膚組織……
傳統(tǒng)組織處理方法:
機械法:網(wǎng)搓法、研磨法
適用樣本類型:脾臟、淋巴結、胸腺
網(wǎng)搓法
1、將300 目尼龍網(wǎng)扎在無菌的小燒杯上;
2、把剪碎的組織放在網(wǎng)上,以眼科鑷子輕輕搓組織塊,邊搓邊加生理鹽水沖洗,直到將組織搓完;
3、收集細胞懸液于離心管中, 1500rpm離心5min;
4、棄上清液,加紅細胞裂解液重懸沉淀,室溫作用5min,加等體積的PBS中和后,1500rpm離心5min,棄上清,用PBS洗滌一次,再用PBS重懸,細胞計數(shù)后即可使用。
研磨法
1、先將組織剪成1-2mm大小組織塊;
2、放入組織研磨器中,轉動研棒,研至勻漿;
3、加入10ml生理鹽水,沖洗研磨器;
4、收獲細胞懸液,并經(jīng)200目尼龍網(wǎng)過濾,1500rpm離心5min;
5、棄上清液,加紅細胞裂解液重懸沉淀,室溫作用5min,加等體積的PBS中和后,1500rpm離心5min,棄上清,用PBS洗滌一次,再用PBS重懸,細胞計數(shù)后即可使用。
酶解法:胰蛋白酶類、膠原酶、溶菌酶、彈性蛋白酶
適用樣本類型:肝臟、腎臟、心臟、肺臟、脊髓、腦、腸道、皮膚、腫瘤等;
操作步驟:
1、先將組織剪成泥狀。
2 、用胰蛋白酶或膠原酶消化組織塊,胰蛋白酶適用千消化細胞間質較少的軟組織,如胚胎、上皮、肝、腎等組織。胰蛋白酌工作濃度一般為 0. 1 %—0 . 5 % 。對于纖維較多的組織或較硬的癌組織常用0 . 25 %膠原酶,膠原酌對組織中膠原蛋白類結構消化作用強,它僅對細胞間質有消化作用而對上皮細胞影響不大。膠原酶常用濃度為 0 . 1—0 . 3ug / ml ,用大于組織量30—50 倍的胰蛋白酶液或膠原酶液在 37°C ,搖床上消化組織,消化時間的長短依組織類型而定,一般來說,胰蛋白酶油作用 20—60 min,膠原酶需1—4h左右,一般還會加入DNA核酸內切酶。
3、消化完畢后,將細胞懸液通過200目孔徑尼龍網(wǎng)過濾,以除掉未充分消化的組織;
4、已過濾的細胞懸液經(jīng)1500rpm離心5min后,棄上清液,加紅細胞裂解液重懸沉淀,室溫作用5min,加等體積的PBS中和后,1500rpm離心5min,棄上清,用PBS洗滌一次,再用PBS重懸,細胞計數(shù)后即可使用。
下表整理了人和小鼠常見的不同組織處理方法,并附上參考文獻,此內容來源于Worthington:
Species | Cells | Enzyme(s) | Reference |
Human | 脂肪細胞 | 2型膠原酶:0.01-0.5% | Effect of Collagenase Concentration on The Isolation of Small Adipocytes from Human Buccal Fat Pad., J Oral Sci , 2018 |
Human | 脂肪細胞 | Collagenase Type 1: 0.1% | Epigenome-wide Association Study of Body Mass Index, and the Adverse Outcomes of Adiposity, Nature541, 81, 2017 |
Human | 基質細胞 | 膠原酶2型:0.075% | Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction Provides a Source for Functional Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells., Cytotherapy 19, 1491-1500, 2017 |
Human | 骨髓基質細胞
| 膠原酶1型:0.075% | Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Protect Human Cardiomyocytes from Amyloid Fibril Damage, Cytotherapy 19, 1426-1437, 2017 |
Human | 間充質干細胞 | 膠原酶2型:0.2% | Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alters Their Immunomodulatory Properties in a Tissue-Specific Manner., Stem Cells 35, 1636-1646, 2017 |
Human | 脂肪源內皮細胞 | 膠原酶1型:0.1% | Autologous Cell Sources in Therapeutic Vasculogenesis: In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells from Peripheral Blood and Endothelial Cells Isolated from Adipose Tissue., Cytotherapy 18, 242-52, 2016 |
Human | 脂肪干細胞 | 膠原酶1型:0.1% | High Glucose-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Promotes Stemness in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells,Cytotherapy 18, 371-83, 2016 |
Human | 骨髓基質細胞
| 膠原酶4型:0.2% | Effect of Mild Heat Stress on the Proliferative and Differentiative Ability of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells., Cytotherapy17, 359-68, 2015 |
Human | 脂肪干細胞
| 膠原酶2型:0.1% | Expression Analysis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells During In Vitro Differentiation to an Adipocyte Lineage., BMC Med Genomics 8, 41, 2015 |
Human | 脂肪基質
| 膠原酶1型:0.075% | Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived SSEA-3-Positive Muse Cells for Treating Diabetic Skin Ulcers.,Stem Cells Transl Med 4, 146, 2015 |
Human | 脂肪組織細胞
| 膠原酶1型:0.1% | Differential Effects of Processing Time and Duration of Collagenase Digestion on Human and Murine Fat Grafts.,Plast Reconstr Surg 136, 189e-199e, 2015 |
Human | 脂肪基質血管細胞 | 中性蛋白酶:2.4 u/ml 膠原酶:250 u /毫升 | Human White and Brite Adipogenesis is Supported by MSCA1 and is impaired by Immune Cells., Stem Cells 33, 1277-91, 2015 |
Human | 脂肪源性間充質干細胞 | 膠原酶2型:0.1% | Defined Serum-Free Media for In Vitro Expansion of Adipose-DerivedMesenchymal Stem Cells., Cytotherapy 16, 915, 2014 |
Human | 脂肪提取干細胞 | 膠原酶1型:0.15% | Choosing the Right Type of Serum for Different Applications of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Influence on Proliferation and Differentiation Abilities.,Cytotherapy 16, 789, 2014 |
Human | 間充質基質 | 膠原酶1型:0.1% | Proliferative and Phenotypical Characteristics of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Comparison of Ficoll Gradient Centrifugation and Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer Treatment Purification Methods., Cytotherapy 16, 1220-8, 2014 |
Human | 脂肪間質干細胞 | 動物游離膠原酶:200u /ml | Xenofree Enzymatic Products for the Isolation of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells., Tiss Eng 19, 473-8, 2013 |
Human | 基質血管成分 | 膠原酶1型:0.075% | Stromal Vascular Fraction Isolated from Lipo-Aspirates Using an Automated Processing System: Bench and Bed Analysis., J Tissue Eng Regen Med 7, 864, 2013 |
Human | 脂肪干細胞 | 膠原酶1型:0.1% | Platelet-Rich Plasma Greatly Potentiates Insulin-Induced Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Through a Serine/Threonine Kinase Akt-dependent Mechanism and Promotes Clinical Fat Graft Maintenance., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 206-20, 2012 |
Human | 血管周圍干細胞 | 膠原酶2型:0.1% | An Abundant Perivascular Source of Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 673, 2012 |
Human | 脂肪來源的間質血管 | 膠原酶1型:0.1% | Concise Review: Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma: Basic and Clinical Implications for TissueEngineering Therapies in Regenerative Surgery., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 230-6, 2012 |
Mouse | 脂肪基質 | 膠原酶1型:0.1% | Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction-Mediated Improvements at Late-Stage Disease in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis., Stem Cells 35, 532-544, 2017 |
Mouse | 脂肪間質細胞 | 膠原酶2型:0.2% | Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Minimize and Repair Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis.,Cytotherapy 18, 1129-45, 2016 |
Mouse | 脂肪基質
| 膠原酶1型:0.1% | Improved Mobilization of Exogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Bone for Fracture Healing and Sex Difference., Stem Cells 34, 2587-2600, 2016 |
Mouse | 脂肪細胞 | 膠原酶:0.1% | The Effects of A Single Developmentally-Entrained Pulse of Testosterone in Female Neonatal Mice On Reproductive and Metabolic Functions in Adult Life., Endocrinology 156, 3737, 2015 |
Mouse | 間質血管細胞 | 膠原酶2型:0.2% | Natural Killer T Cells in Adipose Tissue are Activated in Lean Mice., Exp Anim 62, 319, 2013 |
Mouse | 脂肪干細胞 | 膠原酶2型:0.1% | Biological and Clinical Availability of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Pelvic Dead Space Repair., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 803, 2012 |
三、貼壁細胞
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貼壁細胞(adherent cells):活體體內細胞當離體置于體外培養(yǎng)時大多數(shù)以貼壁方式生長,主要包括正常細胞(例如:成纖維細胞、巨噬細胞、神經(jīng)膠質細胞、心肌細胞以及肝、肺、腎、乳腺、皮膚細胞等)和腫瘤細胞。
胰蛋白酶消化
胰蛋白酶:最常用,濃度一般0.25%-5%,37℃消化時間一般1-5min,用血清終止;
四、脫落細胞
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臨床上常見的脫落細胞經(jīng)過簡單處理就能制備成單細胞懸液,用于后續(xù)實驗,具體操作:
1、食管拉網(wǎng)細胞的單細胞懸液的制備:
(1)將食管拉網(wǎng)器上的細胞洗脫到10ml PBS液中, 1500rpm,5min離心后,再用PBS液洗2次,800rpm,離心2min,棄上清;
(2)再加入PBS液5ml,以300目尼龍濾網(wǎng)過濾,離心沉淀去上清;
(3)加少許PBS液混勻沉淀細胞,備用。
2、胸、腹水脫落細胞的制備
(1)抽取胸、腹水50ml,加入1000U/ml肝素液1ml,放鹽水瓶中置于4℃冰箱中靜置6~12h,棄去上清;
(2)將底部10~20ml用長吸管移入試管中,用PBS液洗3次,以1500r/min離心沉淀5min;
(3)再加5ml PBS液混勻,用300目尼龍濾網(wǎng)過濾,離心沉淀去上清;
(4)加少許PBS液,混勻;加固定液或低溫保存,備用。
3、沖洗液細胞樣品的制備
(1)用300~500ml生理鹽水沖洗膀胱,沖洗一定時間后,吸出沖洗液放入容器中于冰箱內置6~12h;
(2)取沉淀液20~40ml,離心沉淀并以生理鹽水洗2次,吸上清;
(3)加10ml PBS液,混勻,以300目尼龍濾網(wǎng)過濾,離心沉淀去上清;
(4)過濾后1000rpm/min,10min,離心沉淀,去上清;加固定液或低溫保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
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