4. 同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：
that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
I had no idea that you werehere．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancientGreece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）
三、高考熱點(diǎn)透視
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internationallanguage. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。當(dāng)名詞從句在句中作主語時，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實(shí)義。此句也可以改寫為：ThatEnglish is being accepted as an international language is afact.
2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it todo．（NMET2001）
A．how B．a(chǎn)fter C．what D．when
答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞，做主句謂語動詞do的賓語，同時該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語，因此，此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案：D。賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，句子語序要用陳述語序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from theserious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。這是一個表語從句。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。”
5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or shewants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的?！笨梢钥闯龊竺娴膹木鋺?yīng)是一個賓語從句，而從句中wants缺少賓語，A.however 和D.whenever是不能作賓語的；排除A和D，whichever表示“無論哪一個，無論哪些”，應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物，此處沒有涉及事物的范圍，所以應(yīng)選B．whatever，表示“無論什么”。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本題句子的意思是：無論誰最后離開房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，并在從句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyperson who或The person who, 意為“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非連詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句，況who leaves the roomlast意為“某個最后離開房間的人”，與題意不符，如果要選A. Anyone或B.Theperson，都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D.Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無論誰”的含義了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests.(Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案為C。本題句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D，從句中需要的是主語，所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根據(jù)語境，甲說上周驅(qū)車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來詢問甲這是否是請幾天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C,D均與該題語境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語境，下句應(yīng)該問“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎？”
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. (NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語，排除D．what，而答案C,D均與題意不符，所以應(yīng)選A．when。used tobe表示一種過去存在的狀態(tài)，本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時候是個寧靜的地方?！?br>10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ itwas？（2001春季招生）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
答案D。這是一個主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析，應(yīng)是哪本書，所以要填which，這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容，是哪一本書重要嗎？”。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle schoolgraduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，接在fact,news, promise, possibility, information, doubt,message名詞后，用來解釋或說明名詞的內(nèi)容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder后面應(yīng)跟賓語從句，而從句中的謂語動詞do是及物動詞，可見從句缺少一個代替賓語的成分，我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引導(dǎo)方式狀語的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什么”。
四、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entranceexamination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it usedto be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize inthe match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he haddone the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be duringthe past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven couldplay the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can tosave them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes inlate.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either;whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewerstudents showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that wegive
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be putoff
18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares herinterests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these niceChristmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys: 1---5 A A ABA 6---10 CDABA 11----15 CCAA C 16---20BAACB
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