The music of the Classical period, which spans from 1750 to 1820, is characterized by simpler melodies and forms such as the sonatas. The piano was undoubtedly the primary instrument used by composers during this period. Here’s a timeline of important events in music history which happened during the 1750s all the way to 1820.
西方音樂古典主義時(shí)期以簡單的旋律和曲式（例如奏鳴曲）為特征、鋼琴為作曲家當(dāng)之無愧的首選樂器。這段時(shí)期橫跨了1750到1820年，總計(jì)70年的光陰。以下是西方音樂古典主義時(shí)期大事件的時(shí)間線。
01
J·S·巴赫雕像?
1750s'
Johann Sebastian Bach died. Also, in chamber music, the string quartet (consists of 2 violins, viola and cello) was popular. In New York, John Gay’s “The Beggar’s Opera” was performed.
△1750年 J·S巴赫去世?！皟砂研√崆伲话阎刑崆俸鸵话汛筇崆俅筇崆佟钡南覙匪闹刈嗯渲迷谑覂?nèi)樂中獲得青睞。約翰·蓋伊的《乞丐歌劇》在紐約上演。
In Europe, the minuet was a popular dance.
△1751年 小步舞曲在歐洲成為流行舞種。
The composer and piano prodigy, Muzio Clementi was born.
△1752年 作曲兼鋼琴神童，克列門蒂出生。
Italian composer and violinist, Giovanni Viotti, was born.
△1753年 意大利作曲家兼小提琴家，維奧蒂出生。
The Austrian composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was born.
△1756年 奧地利作曲家，莫扎特出生。
The Italian composers Niccolo Pasquali and Domenico Scarlatti passed away. Johann Stamitz, a German composer also died.
△1757年 意大利作曲家帕斯夸里和斯卡拉蒂、德國作曲家斯塔米茨離世。
Baroque composer George Frederic Handel passed away.
△1759年 巴洛克作曲家亨德爾離世。
02
本杰明·富蘭克林改進(jìn)玻璃口琴?
1760s'
Franz Joseph Haydn, an important figure in Classical music history, worked as Kapellmeister for Prince Pal Antal Esterhazy. Haydn was instrumental in establishing the symphony and string quartet.
△1761年 西方音樂史的重要人物、古典主義時(shí)期代表音樂家、“交響樂之父”“弦樂四重奏之父”海頓就任奧地利王子帕爾·安塔爾的樂隊(duì)總監(jiān)。
Benjamin Franklin improved the glass harmonica. In Charleston, South Carolina, a musical group called St. Cecilia Society was founded. Now aged 6, music prodigy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart toured Europe. Also, “Orfeo ed Euridice” by Christoph Willibald Gluck was created.
△1762年 本杰明·富蘭克林改進(jìn)玻璃口琴（18世紀(jì)最受歡迎的樂器之一）；南卡羅來納州查爾斯頓的圣·塞西莉亞學(xué)會(huì)成立；時(shí)年6歲的莫扎特開始?xì)W洲巡演；格魯克經(jīng)典歌劇《奧菲歐與尤麗狄茜》創(chuàng)作完成。
Johann Christian Bach performed in London. Also ,Mozart wrote his first symphony.
△1764年 J·C巴赫在倫敦演出；莫扎特完成了他的首部交響曲。
German composer Georg Philipp Telemann passed away. CPE Bach succeeded his as director of church music in Hamburg.
△1767年 德國作曲家泰勒曼離世，CPE巴赫繼任了他的漢堡教堂音樂總監(jiān)之位。
Junipero Serra led a group of Franciscan friars on a mission to teach Narive Americans polyphony and plainsong.
△1769年 朱妮佩洛·塞拉帶領(lǐng)天主教修道士采集美洲原住民音樂。
03
貝多芬?
1770s'
German composer Ludwig van Beethoven was born. Also, the New England Psalm Singer, the first collection of music composed in America, was published by William Billings. In New York, Handel’s “Messiah”, was first performed. Meanwhile, Johann Christian Bach published his “6 Concerti for pianoforte’, op.7.
△1770年 德國作曲家貝多芬出生；威廉·比林斯出版了美國第一步音樂合集《新英格蘭贊美詩歌集》；亨德爾“彌撒亞”在美國首演；JC巴赫的六首大鍵琴協(xié)奏曲（作品7）出版。
In Vienna, the waltz was popular
△1773年 華爾茲在維也納盛行。
La Scala, a major opera venue was built in Milan. Also, a book on the history of music was published by Charles Burney.
△1776年 米蘭建成享譽(yù)世界的斯卡拉歌劇院；查爾斯·伯尼出版音樂史專著。
Ludwig van Beethoven was presented by his father as a music prodigy. Also, La Scala opened.
△1778年 貝多芬之父宣揚(yáng)其子為音樂神童。米蘭斯卡拉歌劇院開張。
04
莫扎特耳像?
1780s'
Sebastiano Carezo invented the Spanish dance called “bolero”.
△1780年 卡雷索發(fā)明西班牙新舞種“波萊羅”。
The great classical musician, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, moved to Vienna where created some of his most popular works.
△1781年 偉大的古典主義音樂家莫扎特移居維也納，并在此創(chuàng)作了他大部分傳世之作。
Johann Chrisitian Bach passed away. Also, Italian composer and violinist Niccolo Paganini was born.
△1782年 J·C巴赫離世。意大利作曲家兼小提琴家帕格尼尼出生。
Wilhelm Friedemann Bach passed away.
△1784年 威廉·弗里德曼·巴赫（JS巴赫長子）離世。
Mozart’s father, Leopold, passed away. In Prague, Mozart’s “Don Giovanni”, premiered.
△1787年 莫扎特之父離世；其歌劇《唐·喬凡尼》在捷克布拉格首演。
CPE Bach passed away.
△1788年 C·P·E巴赫離世。
05
海頓像?
1790s'
In Vienna, Mozart’s “Cosi fan tutte” premiered.
△1790年 莫扎特歌劇《女人心》在維也納首演。
Austrian composer, Carl Czerny, and German composer, Giacomo Meyerbeer, were born. In Vienna, Mozart’s “Magic Flute”, was first performed. Mozart also passed away in the same year. Also, Haydn’s first London Symphonies was performed.
△1791年 奧地利作曲家車爾尼和德國作曲家梅耶貝爾出生。莫扎特“魔笛”在維也納首演，同年莫扎特去世。海頓第104交響曲“倫敦”問世。
Haydn becomes Beethoven’s teacher. Also, Italian composer Gioacchino Rossini was born.
△1792年 貝多芬拜海頓為師。意大利作曲家羅西尼出生。
Niccolo Paganini debuted as a violin virtuoso at age 11.
△1793年 11歲的帕格尼尼以小提琴演奏家身份出道。
The Paris Conservatory of Music was founded.
△1795年 法國巴黎音樂學(xué)院建院。
Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti and Austrian composer Franz Schubert were born.
△1797年 意大利作曲家多尼采蒂和奧地利作曲家舒伯特出生。
06
克拉拉·舒曼像?
1800s'
Beethoven’s “Symphony no.1 in c major” was first performed in Vienna.
△1801年 貝多芬《C大調(diào)第一交響曲》于維也納首演。
The master of orchestration, Louis-Hector Berlioz, was born.
△1803年 管弦樂大師柏遼茲出生。
Felix Mendelssohn, one of the most prolific composer of the Romantic period, was born.
△1809年 浪漫主義時(shí)期最多產(chǎn)的作曲家之一，門德爾松出生。
On this year, two great Romantic composers were born; Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin and Robert Schumann.
△1810年兩位浪漫主義時(shí)期最偉大的作曲家，肖邦、舒曼出生。
The figurehead of the New German school and the piano virtuoso Franz Liszt was born.
△1811年 “新德意志樂派”領(lǐng)頭人、鋼琴演奏家李斯特出生。
The German Composer Richard Wagner was born. That same year, Giuseppe Verdi ,another composer of opera music, was born. Another major event happened on this year, E.T.A Hoffmann proposed his idea of “the artist as spiritual hero” which became an important theme during the Romantic period.
△1813年 德國作曲家瓦格納、歌劇作曲家威爾第出生。同年，德意志文學(xué)巨匠霍夫曼提出 “藝術(shù)家是精神領(lǐng)袖”理念，后成為浪漫主義時(shí)期重要的主題。
The French composer, Charles Gounod, was born.
△1818年 法國作曲家古諾出生。
Clara Wieck Schumann, the foremost female composer of the 19th century, was born.
△1819年 19世紀(jì)最著名的女性音樂家，克拉拉·舒曼出生。
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