封面攝影:柳迎春老師
青年卒中的年齡尚無統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),目前比較公認(rèn)的為18~50歲。全球范圍內(nèi)青年缺血性卒中的發(fā)病率不斷上升。相較于老年人群,青年缺血性卒中的病因更加復(fù)雜多樣,以及隱源性卒中所占比例較高,診斷更為困難。
Ferro JM. Lancet Neurol. 2010.
青年缺血性卒中的常見原因包括大動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和動(dòng)脈夾層,而少見原因如心源性栓塞(包括反常栓塞,如卵圓孔未閉、肺動(dòng)靜脈瘺)、遺傳性腦小血管?。ㄈ鏑ADASIL)、腦動(dòng)脈夾層、煙霧病、血管炎、肌纖維發(fā)育不良(包括頸動(dòng)脈蹼)、高凝狀態(tài)等。
Ferro JM. Lancet Neurol. 2010.
這位年僅43歲卻有七年卒中病史的患者,在把能想到的病因都逐一篩查后,仍一無所獲。在這七年里,他反復(fù)忍受著病魔的折磨,終日在絕望中度過。
我們深知,卒中的診治首要是明確病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制,準(zhǔn)確把握其病因、危險(xiǎn)因素和發(fā)病機(jī)制對(duì)于預(yù)防及治療意義重大。那患者卒中的病因究竟何來?
或許是時(shí)間的安排,七年后真相終于被打開。原以為這罕見的病例只在無聲的文獻(xiàn)中存在,不曾想她并非遠(yuǎn)在千里之外,而是在咫尺等你我去拆。這樣的病因,再次相遇不知是多遠(yuǎn)的未來,你可曾愿意用一生,去等待?
第1次卒中(2013)
第2次卒中(2017)
第3次卒中(2018)
第4次卒中(2020)
把結(jié)局打開
Eagle綜合征
臨床表現(xiàn)
神經(jīng)壓迫癥狀
2
動(dòng)脈壓迫癥狀
動(dòng)脈夾層
Case 1
Razak A. J Neuroimaging. 2014.
Case 2
Smoot TW. Interv Neuroradiol. 2017.
Case 3
Hebant B. J Neurol Sci. 2017.
Case 4
Hooker JD. J Radiol Case Rep. 2016.
Case 5
Faivre A. JNNP. 2009.
壓迫動(dòng)脈
Case 6
David J.J Vasc Surg. 2014.
Case 7
Nakagawa D. Neurosurgery. 2011.
Case 8
Farhat HI. J Neurosurg. 2009.
Case 9
Kavi T. Neurology. 2016.
Case 10
董佳. 中國(guó)腦血管病雜志. 2019
后記
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] 蘇菁菁, 徐運(yùn), 李敬偉. 青年缺血性卒中的病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制. 國(guó)際腦血管病雜志. 2020. 28(4): 286-292.
[2] Hebant B, Guegan-Massardier E, Macaigne V, Triquenot-Bagan A. Ischemic stroke due to internal carotid artery dissection associated with an elongated styloid process (Eagle syndrome). J Neurol Sci. 2017. 372: 466-467.
[3] Badhey A, Jategaonkar A, Anglin Kovacs AJ, et al. Eagle syndrome: A comprehensive review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017. 159: 34-38.
[4] Smoot TW, Taha A, Tarlov N, Riebe B. Eagle syndrome: A case report of stylocarotid syndrome with internal carotid artery dissection. Interv Neuroradiol. 2017. 23(4): 433-436.
[5] Raser JM, Mullen MT, Kasner SE, Cucchiara BL, Messé SR. Cervical carotid artery dissection is associated with styloid process length. Neurology. 2011. 77(23): 2061-6.
[6] Hooker JD, Joyner DA, Farley EP, Khan M. Carotid Stent Fracture from Stylocarotid Syndrome. J Radiol Case Rep. 2016. 10(6): 1-8.
[7] David J, Lieb M, Rahimi SA. Stylocarotid artery syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2014. 60(6): 1661-3.
[8] Faivre A, Abdelfettah Z, Rodriguez S, Nicoli F. Neurological picture. Bilateral internal carotid artery dissection due to elongated styloid processes and shaking dancing. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009. 80(10): 1154-5.
[9] Razak A, Short JL, Hussain SI. Carotid artery dissection due to elongated styloid process: a self-stabbing phenomenon. J Neuroimaging. 2014. 24(3): 298-301.
[10] Nakagawa D, Ota T, Iijima A, Saito N. Diagnosis of Eagle syndrome with 3-dimensional angiography and near-infrared spectroscopy: case report. Neurosurgery. 2011. 68(3): E847-9.
[11] Farhat HI, Elhammady MS, Ziayee H, Aziz-Sultan MA, Heros RC. Eagle syndrome as a cause of transient ischemic attacks. J Neurosurg. 2009. 110(1): 90-3.
[12] Kavi T, Lahiri S. Teaching NeuroImages: Eagle syndrome: Cerebrovascular complications. Neurology. 2016. 87(2): e17.
[13] 董佳, 宋慶斌, 王玉林等. 復(fù)合手術(shù)治療頸動(dòng)脈莖突綜合征一例并文獻(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí). 中國(guó)腦血管病雜志. 2019. 16(3): 150-152.
[14] Ferro JM, Massaro AR, Mas JL. Aetiological diagnosis of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2010. 9(11): 1085-96.
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