之所以不是從"1"開(kāi)始,是因?yàn)椴楸榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)只找到一個(gè)有關(guān)干板制作的文章:
Instructions for Making a Simple Silver-Based Photographic EmulsionSuitable for Coating on Glass or Film
制作簡(jiǎn)單的可涂抹在玻璃或膠片上的銀鹽感光乳劑
Ingredients: Gelatin, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, andsilver nitrate.
成份：凝膠（明膠），溴化鉀，碘化鉀，硝酸銀
Equipment: film or glass plates, metal plates, plastic stirringpaddle, cheesecloth, gloves, safelight with light red filter (Kodak1A or equivalent), 1 liter glass beaker or stainless steel bowl, 4liter glass beaker or equivalent stainless steel bowl. A mechanicalstirrer would be useful, but is not essential.
器具：透明膠片或玻璃板，金屬板，塑料攪拌器，粗棉布，手套，安全燈（紅色），1升的玻璃大口杯或不銹鋼杯，4升的玻璃大口杯或等大的不銹鋼杯，以及一個(gè)藥品攪拌勺也許會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)。
1. Dissolve the gelatin. Dissolve 10 grams of gelatin in 360 mlwarm distilled water.
1．溶解凝膠：用360ml的溫蒸餾水溶解10克凝膠。
2. Dissolve the potassium bromide and potassium iodide. Add 32grams of potassium bromide and 0.8 gram potassium iodide to thegelatin solution and stir until dissolved.
2．溶解溴化鉀和碘化鉀：將32克溴化鉀和0.8克碘化鉀放入凝膠溶液，并不斷攪動(dòng)直到溶解。
3. Heat the solution. Heat the mixture to 130o F (55o C). Thesolution must be maintained at that temperature. The simplest wayto do this is to surround the solution with a water bath.
3．加熱溶液：將上述溶液加熱到55o C，并保持該溫度。最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法是水浴法。
4. Lights out. Turn out normal lights and work under a light redsafelight.
4．關(guān)燈：關(guān)掉普通的燈，打開(kāi)安全燈。
5. Make a solution of silver nitrate. Wear gloves when working withsilver nitrate. Dissolve 40 grams of silver nitrate in 400 mldistilled water.
5．配置硝酸銀溶液：此時(shí)需要戴上手套。將40克硝酸銀放入400ml蒸餾水中，并溶解。
6. Combine the silver nitrate and gelatine solutions slowly. Thisis known as the precipitation stage. Add the silver nitratesolution slowly to the gelatin solution at a rate of 20 ml every 30seconds for 10 minutes, stirring constantly. The more slowly thesilver nitrate is added, the larger will be the silver halidegrains produced–and the larger the grains, the faster theemulsion.
6．混合兩種溶液：這是個(gè)比較倉(cāng)促的階段。把硝酸銀溶液緩慢的倒入明膠中，大約以30秒20毫升的速度持續(xù)10分鐘。傾倒硝酸銀溶液的速度越慢，銀鹽的鹵化物生成的越多，從而感光度也越高。
7. Ripen the mixture. Keep the solution temperature at 130o F (55oC) for a further 10 minutes, then allow to cool slowly to 104o F(40o C). The ripening process allows the size of the silver grainsto grow, increasing the emulsion speed. Heat speeds the ripening.(The mixture can also be cooled until it gels and stored overnightat this point. Simply reheat to 104o F (40o C) when ready andproceed with step 8.)
7．使混合溶液熟化：使混合液的溫度保持在55o C，并保持10分鐘，然后使其冷卻到40oC。這個(gè)過(guò)程會(huì)使銀鹵化物增加，并使感光度增加。加熱會(huì)使熟化過(guò)程加速。（也可以讓混合溶液冷卻直至形成膠體，并儲(chǔ)存一晚。在進(jìn)行步驟8時(shí)，可以簡(jiǎn)單的重新加熱到40oC）
8. Swell additional gelatin. Soak 40 grams of gelatin in distilledwater until softened (20-30 minutes), then pour off the excesswater.
8．增加明膠：用蒸餾水溶解40克明膠，并使其軟化20到30分鐘，然后倒出多余的水。
9. Combine the solutions (emulsification). Add the softened gelatinto the silver nitrate solution and mix thoroughly. Cool the mixtureand allow it to set (this usually takes 2 to 4 hours).
9．結(jié)合兩種溶液：把軟化的明膠（步驟8）加入硝酸銀溶液（步驟7）中，持續(xù)攪拌，直至混合溶解。靜置，并冷卻混合液，一般需要靜置2到4小時(shí)。
10. Strain through cheesecloth. Place the emulsion in a square ofcheesecloth and fold the cloth over it. Hold the emulsion in a panof cold water and twist the cloth so it is squeezed through thepores in the cheesecloth, making a kind of gelatin spaghetti. Thisis necessary in order to remove excess silver salts.
10．用粗棉布積壓：把做好的感光劑放到一個(gè)方形的粗棉布（我想用紗布也可以吧）中，并將其折疊。把感光乳劑放入冷水中，擠壓棉布，使乳劑從不中擠出，就像做意大利面條一樣。這樣做很有必要，作用是去除乳劑中多余的銀鹽。
11. Leach out the excess salts (halides). Pour off excess water andplace the shredded emulsion in a large beaker or other container.Pour 3 liters of cold water (below 68o F or 20o C) onto theshredded emulsion, let it sit for 2.5 minutes, then pour off 2liters of the water and add 2 liters of fresh water. The use ofdistilled water is recommended, to reduce the possibility ofunknown contaminants in the emulsion.
11．去除多余的鹽：倒出多余的水，不作成面條狀的乳劑放入大燒杯（或較大的容器）中。倒入3升冷水（20oC），靜置兩分半鐘，然后倒出2升水，再倒入2升干凈的冷水。建議是用蒸餾水，以避免未知物質(zhì)對(duì)感光劑的污染。
12. Repeat. Repeat the washing process 5 times, using cold water.Pour off the excess water.
12．重復(fù)：用冷水重復(fù)水洗過(guò)程（步驟11）5次，然后倒出多余的水。
13. Melt and after-ripen. Melt the emulsion by heating to 130o F(55o C) for 15 minutes, then slowly cool it to 104o F (40o C). Theafter-ripening doesn’t increase grain size much, but does increasespeed.
13．熔化和二次熟化：把乳劑加熱到55o C,并保持15分鐘，然后冷卻到40oC。二次熟化的過(guò)程不會(huì)使乳劑的體積有明顯增加，但會(huì)提高乳劑的感光度。
14. Coat. For a 3? by 4? inch glass plate, use 4 ml of emulsionsolution. Pour it on the glass and spread it unformly. This formulashould make enough emulsion for approximately 100 suchplates.
14．涂抹乳劑：一般一個(gè)3.5 X 4.5英寸的玻璃板，需要使用4毫升感光乳劑。把乳劑倒在玻璃上，并均勻涂抹。這個(gè)配方足可以涂布100個(gè)這樣大小的玻璃板。
15. Chill. Place the coated glass on a level cold metal plate untilthe emulsion sets, then place in the dark to dry.
15．冷卻：把涂抹了乳劑的玻璃放在水平的金屬板上知道乳劑凝固，然后再把這些玻璃板放到無(wú)光的地方使其干燥。
16. Expose. Make your first test exposure at 1/30 second at f/8,and adjust up or down as necessary.
16．曝光：第一次曝光參數(shù)要設(shè)定在1/30秒、f/8光圈，然后根據(jù)情況再作增減。
17. Develop. Develop in an active developer such as Kodak D-8(2:1), HC-110 (Dilution A), or Dektol (1:1).
17．顯影：顯影液可以用Kodak D-8 (2:1), HC-110 (Dilution A), or Dektol(1:1)等。注：Dektol顯影液就是我們熟悉的D72。
這些也許足夠了,比從"0"做起要幸運(yùn)的很多,從"1"開(kāi)始"1"心搞下去,就"1"定會(huì)有結(jié)果............
轉(zhuǎn)自無(wú)忌：liubk/文
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