謂語(yǔ)因受主語(yǔ)支配,需和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致,這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近原則。
一、語(yǔ)法一致原則
1.主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Jane likes English very much.簡(jiǎn)很喜歡英語(yǔ)。
They like English very much.他們很喜歡英語(yǔ)。
2.a(chǎn)nd 或 both...and...連接名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Tom and John are good friends.
湯姆和約翰是好朋友。
注意:
(1)當(dāng) and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:
The writer and singer was invited to the party.
那位作家兼歌手被邀請(qǐng)參加派對(duì)。
(2)當(dāng) and 連接的名詞被 each, every 或 no 修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:
Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now.
剛才每位男生和女生都得到了一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。
3.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 with, without, together with, along with,except, besides, but, as well as, like, including 等介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致(即就遠(yuǎn)原則)。如:
The boy together with his parents works hard.
那個(gè)男孩和他的父母一起努力工作。
4.動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
如:
Walking is good for our health.
散步有利于我們的健康。
5.由不定代詞 either, neither, each, one, everyone, someone,anyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, something,anything, nothing, everything 等作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
通常用單數(shù)。如:
Everybody is here.所有人都到齊了。
二、意義一致原則
1.科目名稱(chēng) maths, physics, politics 等和 news 本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:
I think physics is an interesting subject.
我認(rèn)為物理是一門(mén)有趣的學(xué)科。
2.trousers, shoes, glasses, pants 等為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)它們前面有 pair of, kind of 等修飾時(shí),則根據(jù) pair 和 kind 的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
His shoes are beautiful.他的鞋子很漂亮。
This pair of trousers belongs to Tom.
這條褲子屬于湯姆。
3.表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、距離、價(jià)格、金錢(qián)、重量等的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常表示一個(gè)整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如:
Two months is quite a long time.
兩個(gè)月是很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。
4.集體名詞如 family, class, group, team 等作主語(yǔ)表示整體時(shí)用單數(shù),表示集體中的具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
His family is a big family.
他的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。
His family are all the fans of Yao Ming.
他的家人都是姚明的粉絲。
5.某些名詞如 people (people 指“民族”時(shí)除外), police 等,形式上是單數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The police are running after a thief.
警察們正在追趕那個(gè)小偷。
6 .“the +形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人和“the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示夫婦或一家人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The Smiths like watching TV.
史密斯一家人都喜歡看電視。
7.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比及 some, half of, part of, lots of, the rest of 等后接單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
70% of the earth is covered with water.
70%的地球表面被水覆蓋。
60% of the teachers in our school are women.
我們學(xué)校 60%的老師是女的。
三、就近原則
1.在 there be 句型和以 here 開(kāi)頭的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:
There is a book and three dictionaries on the desk.
桌子上有一本書(shū)和三本字典。
Here is Jim and his parents.這是吉姆和他的父母。
2.在 either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, or, not...but... 等結(jié)構(gòu)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:
Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon.
今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里。
6.(2010 年廣東梅州)________ of the land in that country ________ covered with tree and grass.
A.Two five; is
B.Two fifths; are
C.Two five; are
D.Two fifths; is
解析:分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成原則是:分子用基數(shù),分母用序數(shù),分子大于一時(shí),分母加-s;分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞是 land,為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。故選 D。
7.(2010 年廣東深圳)
—The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-six.
—How many of ________ are girls?
A.is; them B.a(chǎn)re; them
C.is; they D.a(chǎn)re; they
解析:the number of 意為“……的數(shù)目”,后面用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;of 是介詞,后接代詞賓格。故選 A。
8.(2010 年廣東佛山)I asked for some more milk, but there ________ none left.
A.a(chǎn)re
B.were
C.was
解析:none 指代 milk,是不可數(shù)名詞,故 there be 中的 be用單數(shù)。選 C。
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.There __is__ (be) some water in the bottle.
2.__Were____ (be) there many American friends in the school last Friday?
3.Most of our earth _is___ (be) covered with water.
4.Sunday _is___ (be) the first day of a week.
5.The police often __help__ (help) the children cross the street.
6.The whole family __are__ (be) enjoying the light music now.
7.Neither he nor I __am__ (be) from Canada.
8.Either you or he _is__ (be) right.
9.Not only Tom but also his parents __like___ (like) the film.
10. The news _was____ (be) terrifying.We all got nervous suddenly.
11.Nobody _likes_____ (like) that kind of man.
12.Each of them __had/had_____ (have) a red pen.
13.Both Mary and Jim __are___ (be) good students.
14.Two million dollars _is__ (be) enough to rebuild the village.
15.This pair of shoes __is__ (be) expensive.
16.To see _is___ (be) to believe.
17.My father and mother __agree____ (agree) with me.
18.There _is__ (be) a pen and some pencils in the box.
19.The woman with a baby ___is/was____ (be) my mother.
20.One of my friends _has___ (have) moved to America.I miss her so much.