加州大學(xué)伯克利分校和哥倫比亞大學(xué)均開設(shè)了結(jié)合線上課程和在校課程、安排更為靈活的混合型法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目，吸引了許多職業(yè)人士。
The wines of Napa Valley and the drive down the coastal route of Highway One were among the highlights of Agata Wisniewska’s family trip to California this summer. But the key draw for Ms Wisniewska was less relaxing: she wanted to complete her masters degree in law (LLM).
今年夏天，阿加塔·維希涅夫斯卡(Agata Wisniewska，見文首照片)全家去加利福尼亞州旅行，納帕谷(Napa Valley)的紅酒以及駕車沿著加州一號(hào)海岸公路(Highway One)行駛是旅行中的兩大亮點(diǎn)。但維希涅夫斯卡此行的目標(biāo)就沒那么輕松了：她想要拿到法學(xué)碩士學(xué)位(LLM)。
Berkeley Law, University of California, is one of a handful of leading US teaching institutions now offering hybrid LLM programmes. These combine online classes, taken in students’ spare time at home, with campus lectures offered during the summer break when the full-time students are away.
加州大學(xué)伯克利分校法學(xué)院(Berkeley Law, University of California)是美國(guó)少數(shù)幾家提供混合型法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目的頂尖學(xué)府之一。這類項(xiàng)目結(jié)合了線上課程和在校課程，學(xué)生可以利用在家的閑暇時(shí)間接受線上教學(xué)，并在全日制學(xué)生離校的暑假期間進(jìn)行在校課程學(xué)習(xí)。
Sather Gate on the UC Berkeley campus
“I would not be doing such a course if I had to come to Berkeley for a year,” says Ms Wisniewska, who is now at home in Poland completing her course online. The LLM, she hopes, will help her progress faster up the career ladder.
維希涅夫斯卡目前正在波蘭的家中進(jìn)行線上學(xué)習(xí)，她說：“如果我不得不來伯克利一整年的話，我是不會(huì)參加這樣的課程的?！彼Ｍ▽W(xué)碩士學(xué)位能幫助她在職業(yè)生涯中更快地晉升。
The catalyst for hybrid programmes has been the decline in the numbers applying to full-time LLM programmes. Working lawyers are put off full-time courses by the prospect of having to quit their jobs — and forgo their salary — and return to student life for 12 months.
全日制法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)人數(shù)下降催生了混合型課程項(xiàng)目。已經(jīng)參加工作的律師們參加全日制課程項(xiàng)目的意愿較低，因?yàn)樗麄兿氲阶约翰坏貌粸榱苏n程辭去工作，損失工資，并重返校園過上12個(gè)月的學(xué)生生活。
① catalyst [''k?t(?)l?st] n. 催化劑；刺激因素
例句：I very much hope that this case will prove to be a catalyst for change. 我非常希望這件事終將成為促成變化的催化劑。
② forgo [f??''g??; f?-] v. 放棄；停止；對(duì)…斷念
例句：I''ll forgo those trendy browsers and examine how to connect, download, upload, transfer, and communicate entirely from the command line. 我將放棄那些新潮的瀏覽器，研究如何在命令行中進(jìn)行連接、下載、上傳、傳輸和通信。
The numbers of students like Ms Wisniewska are small: Berkeley Law launched its hybrid course in January with a class of 13 students, against two cohorts each of 100 students studying at the school for the full-time LLM.
像維希涅夫斯卡這樣的學(xué)生很少。加州大學(xué)伯克利分校法學(xué)院在今年1月推出了混合型法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目，共招收了13名學(xué)生，組成了一個(gè)班。與之相對(duì)的，在該校參加全日制法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生共有兩批，每批有100人。
But these courses are a way to bring in students who would not otherwise consider graduate education. According to Anya Grossmann, director of global outreach and professional engagement at Berkeley Law, 85 per cent of those accepted on its hybrid course said they did not apply to any other degree programme.
但這些課程的確吸引了那些原本不考慮研究生教育的學(xué)生。加州大學(xué)伯克利分校法學(xué)院國(guó)際推廣兼專業(yè)實(shí)踐部門主任阿妮婭·格羅斯曼(Anya Grossmann)表示，在該?；旌闲驼n程項(xiàng)目錄取的學(xué)生中，有85%的學(xué)生曾說他們不適合其他任何學(xué)位課程。
California Hall on the UC Berkeley campus
The $60,345 tuition fee for the hybrid course is the same as the one-year full-time LLM. However, the hit to students’ salary of a hybrid degree is considerably less because they are only required to attend courses for 12 weeks.
混合型法學(xué)碩士課程的學(xué)費(fèi)與一年期全日制法學(xué)碩士課程的學(xué)費(fèi)是一樣的，都是60345美元。但混合型課程項(xiàng)目對(duì)學(xué)生工資的影響要小得多，因?yàn)樗麄冎恍枰獏⒓?2周的在校課程。
“For a significant number of our students this is the only way to get an LLM degree,” Ms Grossmann says. A hybrid LLM is mainly aimed at those seeking career progression, she adds. “In certain countries, an LLM is the only way to get up the corporate ladder.”
格羅斯曼表示：“對(duì)我們的許多學(xué)生來說，這是獲得法學(xué)碩士學(xué)位的唯一方法?！彼€補(bǔ)充說，混合型法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目主要針對(duì)那些想要在職業(yè)生涯中更進(jìn)一步的人，“在某些國(guó)家，獲得法學(xué)碩士學(xué)位是企業(yè)晉升的唯一途徑”。
Ms Wisniewska says she was able to get additional time off to attend the summer lectures at the end of her maternity leave from the Warsaw office of US law firm Greenberg Traurig. Her husband was able to join her, and look after their son, by taking unpaid annual leave.
維希涅夫斯卡表示，她在美國(guó)Greenberg Traurig律師事務(wù)所華沙辦事處工作，在該律所給她的產(chǎn)假的末尾，她獲得了額外的假期去參加暑期在校課程。她的丈夫也能申請(qǐng)無薪年假陪她一起，照看他們的兒子。
The course, she says, has greatly improved her understanding of US corporate law for the deals she is handling. “It’s not my goal to work in the US,” she says. “For me it is about developing myself and my skills.”
她說，這門課程大大地提高了她對(duì)美國(guó)公司法的理解，讓她能更好地處理正在經(jīng)手的案件。“我的目標(biāo)并不是留在美國(guó)工作。”她表示，“這只是為了自我提高以及技能完善。”
③ maternity [m?''t??n?t?] n. 母性，母道；婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院 adj. 產(chǎn)科的；產(chǎn)婦的，孕婦的
例句：Your job will be kept open for your return after maternity leave. 你的工作會(huì)一直保留到你休完產(chǎn)假回來。
Columbia University
Law schools started seeking out technology to provide cheaper, more flexible ways for people to study after demand for law degree courses tumbled in the wake of the financial crisis.
在金融危機(jī)以后，對(duì)法學(xué)學(xué)位的需求大幅下降，法學(xué)院開始尋求技術(shù)的幫助，為人們提供更便宜，更靈活的學(xué)習(xí)方式。
For the three admissions cycles up to last year, the number of applicants to American Bar Association degrees has hovered below 60,000, down from 88,000 in the 2009-10 cycle, according to data from the Law School Admission Council, which administers the standardised entrance exam for American, Canadian and Australian schools.
根據(jù)美國(guó)法學(xué)院入學(xué)委員會(huì)(Law School Admission Council)的數(shù)據(jù)，在截至去年的三次招生季中，申請(qǐng)美國(guó)律師協(xié)會(huì)(American Bar Association)認(rèn)證學(xué)位的人數(shù)已經(jīng)從2009-2010招生季的8.8萬人降至不到6萬人。美國(guó)法學(xué)院入學(xué)委員會(huì)管理美國(guó)、加拿大和澳大利亞的法學(xué)院的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化入學(xué)考試。
④ tumble [''t?mb(?)l] v. 摔倒；倒塌；打滾；倉(cāng)惶地行動(dòng) n. 跌倒；翻筋斗；跌跤
例句：A small boy tumbled off the porch. 一個(gè)小男孩從門廊上摔了下去。
Demand for conventional full-time courses has recovered this year, and law schools have found that hybrid law degrees are not cannibalising LLM applicants but bringing in new ones.
今年，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)全日制法學(xué)碩士課程的需求已經(jīng)回暖。各法學(xué)院還發(fā)現(xiàn)，混合型法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目并不影響全日制法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目的招生，反而吸引了新的申請(qǐng)人。
Ken Randall, who was dean at the University of Alabama School of Law for 20 years, is founder of iLaw, which has worked with 22 law schools in the US to develop online or hybrid degree courses. “This is really about market expansion,” he says.
曾擔(dān)任阿拉巴馬大學(xué)法學(xué)院(University of Alabama School of Law)院長(zhǎng)達(dá)20年的肯·蘭德爾創(chuàng)立了在線平臺(tái)iLaw。該平臺(tái)與美國(guó)22所法學(xué)院合作開發(fā)線上和混合型法學(xué)學(xué)位課程。他說：“這確實(shí)和市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)張有關(guān)系。”
⑤ cannibalize [''k?n?b(?)la?z] v. 沖擊；調(diào)撥人員；拆用配件；同類相食
例句：A website need not cannibalize existing sales. 網(wǎng)站不一定會(huì)沖擊現(xiàn)有的銷售。
Last month, Columbia Law School announced a hybrid course on its New York campus. It will run over 12 weeks during the summer break, with an additional requirement to complete three online courses, each lasting four weeks.
上個(gè)月，哥倫比亞大學(xué)法學(xué)院(Columbia Law School)宣布，在紐約校區(qū)開設(shè)混合型課程。該課程需要學(xué)生在暑假期間參加12周的在校課程，并另外完成3門線上課程，每門課程持續(xù)4周。
Columbia University students celebrate graduation
The Columbia hybrid option uses the same professors as the full-time course, according to Julia Miller, assistant dean for executive education and non-degree programmes at Columbia Law School. “We wanted to make sure that this was of the highest quality,” Ms Miller says. “This is a commitment from the top down.”
哥倫比亞大學(xué)法學(xué)院負(fù)責(zé)高管教育和非學(xué)位項(xiàng)目的副院長(zhǎng)朱莉婭·米勒(Julia Miller)表示，該校的混合型課程項(xiàng)目與全日制課程項(xiàng)目由同一批教授授課?！拔覀兿Ｍ_保這是最高質(zhì)量的項(xiàng)目?！彼f，“這是學(xué)校高層做出的承諾?！?/span>
The 12 weeks that hybrid course students will spend on campus are set to be “intense” and key to the networking element of going back to law school. “Exchanging those ideas with other students is invaluable,” she says. Hybrid degree programmes mainly attract mid-career employees. Ms Wisniewska, who is 30, is the second youngest in her cohort at Berkeley Law. Several of her classmates are in their late 30s and 40s.
混合型項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生將在校接受為期12周、非常“集中”的課程，這也是學(xué)員在返校學(xué)習(xí)期間建立人脈的關(guān)鍵。米勒說：“與其他學(xué)生交換想法是非常重要的?！被旌闲晚?xiàng)目主要吸引的是處在職業(yè)生涯中期的員工。維希涅夫斯卡今年30歲，在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校法學(xué)院同期的學(xué)生中，她是第二小的。她有幾名同學(xué)將近40歲或者將近50歲。
⑥ invaluable [?n''v?lj?(?)b(?)l] adj. 無價(jià)的；非常貴重的
例句：This has proved to be an invaluable business practice which has stayed with me throughout my career. 這已經(jīng)證明是一條無價(jià)的生意法則，我在我的事業(yè)中一直遵循著。
She values the time they spent together in classes in California in the summer. “It is not always easy to organise our online lessons because other students live in all parts of the world,” she says. “But the experience of meeting them has been something I could never have achieved without going back to law school.”
她非常珍惜夏季和同學(xué)們一起在加州上課的時(shí)間。“組織我們的線上課程并不總是那么容易，因?yàn)槠渌麑W(xué)生生活在世界各地?！彼f，“但是，如果不回到法學(xué)院，我可能永遠(yuǎn)也無法擁有這段與他們相遇的經(jīng)歷。”
Law costs: A year of living expensively
攻讀法學(xué)的成本：花銷不菲的一年
A year of postgraduate study in a top US law school is expensive. The masters in law (LLM) for the 2018-19 academic year at Harvard Law School costs $63,800 in tuition. Once a student has factored in health insurances, course activities, and the costs of housing, food, and books plus personal expenses, the total cost rises to $95,930 for a single student, according to Harvard’s calculations.
在美國(guó)頂尖法學(xué)院攻讀研究生一年的費(fèi)用不菲。哈佛大學(xué)法學(xué)院(Harvard Law School) 2018-19學(xué)年的法學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)費(fèi)為6.38萬美元。根據(jù)哈佛大學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，如果算上健康保險(xiǎn)、課程活動(dòng)、食宿、書本和個(gè)人開銷，一名學(xué)生的總開支會(huì)增至95930美元。
Harvard Law School''s Langdell Hall
The final bill is similar at Columbia Law School, where tuition this year is $67,532. The school advises students to budget $97,850 to cover living expenses, books, student health insurance, activities and university fees.
攻讀哥倫比亞大學(xué)法學(xué)院的總開支算下來也差不多，該校今年的學(xué)費(fèi)為67532美元。學(xué)校建議學(xué)生制定97850美元的預(yù)算，用于支付生活費(fèi)、書本費(fèi)、學(xué)生健康保險(xiǎn)、活動(dòng)費(fèi)以及大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)。
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