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一、什么是賓語從句
在句中充當賓語的從句叫作賓語從句,賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語,也可作介詞的賓語。
二、賓語從句的引導詞
1、 that 無實意,用來引導陳述句的賓語從句,口語中常省略。例如:
She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.
她告訴我她去過香港兩次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道這些游客來自澳大利亞。
2、if或whether這兩個詞是“是否”的意思,主要用來引導一般疑問句或選擇問句的賓語從句,口語中多用if,不能省略。例如:
He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.
他問我是否去過北京兩次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.
她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑問詞when ,where,who,how等,這類詞通常引導特殊疑問句的賓語從句。例如:
Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?
你能告訴我怎樣才能找到王先生嗎?
Please find out who broke the window.請查一下是誰打爛窗戶的。
三、賓語從句的語序
凡是從句都必須使用“主語在前,謂語在后”的陳述語序,賓語從句也不例外,也就是說賓語從句的語序必須是“引導詞+主語+謂語+其它”。例如:
誤:Could you tell me where is the bus station?
正:Could you tell me where the bus station is?
四、賓語從句的時態(tài)一致
1、 當主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候,從句可以根據(jù)需要選擇相應的時態(tài),不受主句的影響;主句為一般過去時,從句要用相應的過去時態(tài)。例如:
I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.
我想知道他今天早晨幾點鐘吃早飯的。
They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.
他們將會告訴我們他們已經(jīng)能照顧自己了。
I asked what my father was doing then.
我問那時我爸爸在干什么?
2、 當賓語從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象是,賓語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的時態(tài)的影響,仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
He said the moon moves round the earth.
他說月亮圍著地球轉。
She asked whether light travels faster than sound.
她問光速是否比聲速快。
五、賓語從句的簡化
由特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句中的主語與主句的主語或賓語相同時常??梢詫①e語從句簡化成“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”這種結構。有時候由that引導的賓語從句也可以用動詞不定式或者動詞的ing形式來簡化。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
= Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
She don’t know whether she should go there with them or not.
= She don’t know whether to go there with them or not.
He can remember that he has climbed the tall tree.
= He can remember climbing the tall tree.
六、賓語從句的否定轉移及其它
1、當I think/believe/guess等一些看法的詞后面所接的賓語從句是否定句時,習慣上否定主句,采用“I don’t think/believe/guess+肯定形式的賓語從句”這種結構來表達。如:
我認為明天她不會來。
誤:I think that she won’t come tomorrow.
正:I don’tthink that she will come tomorrow.
2、 對I think/believe/guess等動詞后面所接的賓語從句進行劃線部分提問時,要用“疑問詞+do you think /believe/guess+賓語從句的剩余成分?”這種結構來表達。如:
你認為誰將在會上發(fā)言?
誤:Do you think who will speak at the meeting?
正:Who do you think will speak at the meeting?
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