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Zhongshan Shipyard Park by Turenscape

位置：廣東 廣州

分類：公園

內(nèi)容：實(shí)景照片

• 下載原圖

標(biāo)簽：公園實(shí)景照片

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：北京 土人
景觀面積：11公頃
景觀時(shí)間：2001年
圖片來(lái)源：俞孔堅(jiān)、楊曹

中山岐江公園建成于2001年10月，原場(chǎng)地是廣東著名的粵中造船廠廠址。此次的設(shè)計(jì)方案成功的將廢棄的造船廠改建成為城市主題公園，證明了景觀設(shè)計(jì)師在城市改造進(jìn)程中所發(fā)揮的重要作用。
以下幾點(diǎn)是此次改造設(shè)計(jì)的特別之處：
第一：歷史背景獨(dú)特?；浿性齑瑥S最初建于1950年代，雖然它規(guī)模不大，但它反映了社會(huì)主義中國(guó)非凡的50年歷史，涵蓋了1960年代到70年代的文化大革命時(shí)期?？梢哉f(shuō)它具有濃厚的歷史背景和傳承意義。
第二：地理環(huán)境復(fù)雜。場(chǎng)地內(nèi)水位變化明顯、原有大樹(shù)的保留問(wèn)題、殘存的造船廠房設(shè)備等，這些都給了設(shè)計(jì)師很大的考驗(yàn)。
挑戰(zhàn)1：怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)水位變化明顯的水體。場(chǎng)地內(nèi)存在的內(nèi)湖通過(guò)岐江與大海相連，因此它每天的水位變化可以高達(dá)1.1米。為了解決這一問(wèn)題，俞孔堅(jiān)將景觀橋設(shè)計(jì)成網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀，并在橋與橋之間設(shè)置階梯狀的種植床供耐鹽堿本土植物在其中生長(zhǎng)。親水是人的天性，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)可以讓人們盡情感受自然的氣息。
挑戰(zhàn)2：怎樣協(xié)調(diào)防洪堤的寬度與河岸邊老榕樹(shù)的保護(hù)問(wèn)題。按照設(shè)計(jì)要求，岐江需要保持60-80米的寬度以滿足水利要求，這就意味著江邊的一些老榕樹(shù)可能就要被砍掉。但是在此次設(shè)計(jì)中，為了將古老的榕樹(shù)保留下來(lái)，設(shè)計(jì)師采用綠島的方式以河內(nèi)有河的辦法來(lái)滿足岐江過(guò)水?dāng)嗝娴囊?，既滿足了水利要求，也使公園增加了一景———古榕新島。公園還較好地處理了內(nèi)湖與外河的關(guān)系，將岐江景色引入公園。
挑戰(zhàn)3：如何應(yīng)對(duì)場(chǎng)地內(nèi)殘存的碼頭和設(shè)備。原有設(shè)備單純的保留勢(shì)必會(huì)影響場(chǎng)地的景觀效果，因此此次設(shè)計(jì)從三個(gè)渠道來(lái)解決這一矛盾：一是采用原有船廠的特有元素如鐵軌、鐵舫、燈塔等進(jìn)行組織，反映了歷史特色；二是利用舊設(shè)備創(chuàng)造新功能；是三是采用新工藝、新材料、新技術(shù)構(gòu)筑部分小品及雕塑如孤囪長(zhǎng)影、裸鋼水塔和桿柱陣列等，形成新與舊的對(duì)比、歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)的交織。
此次的設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)主要有一下幾點(diǎn)：
第一，場(chǎng)地的可持續(xù)利用與細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)
從岸邊植被的利用、老榕樹(shù)的保護(hù)、遺留設(shè)備的再利用到紅色構(gòu)筑物的創(chuàng)造，都需要對(duì)場(chǎng)地元素精心設(shè)計(jì)以滿足項(xiàng)目最初的設(shè)計(jì)意圖。
第二，功能上的實(shí)用主義
整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)透漏著一種功能至上的理念，這一點(diǎn)在道路網(wǎng)的設(shè)置上體現(xiàn)的尤為明顯——只在重要的節(jié)點(diǎn)周邊鋪設(shè)道路。
第三，處理場(chǎng)地與城市的聯(lián)系
公園通過(guò)多條線路與外界聯(lián)通成為開(kāi)放式的主題公園，以便城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施可以為公園所利用；同時(shí)為了適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕枨蠖鴮⒁郧暗拇a頭改建為茶館（當(dāng)?shù)厝擞性诓桊^喝茶的習(xí)慣)，也是對(duì)城市文化細(xì)微的發(fā)掘。
第四：對(duì)環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)
整個(gè)項(xiàng)目秉著盡可能合理利用場(chǎng)地現(xiàn)狀的原則進(jìn)行改造，原始植被、土壤和自然棲息地都被合理的運(yùn)用到設(shè)計(jì)中去，植物選擇的也以本土植物為主。原有的設(shè)備、碼頭等也被合理的賦以教育、審美等功能。它們的存在旨在呼吁人們關(guān)注那些尚未被開(kāi)發(fā)的文化和歷史資源，正如一句諺語(yǔ)所言“雜草也一樣美麗”。

譯者： 飯團(tuán)小組

This park was built upon an old shipyard and brown field. The design explains itself as to how landscape architects can turn a wrecked site into a beautiful, meaningful and functional place, as well as to the important role landscape architects can play in urban renovation.
The following aspects of this project make it unique:
1. Its unique history: “ A small site with big stories”
The shipyard was originally built in the 1950s and went bankrupt in 1999. Though small in scale, it reflects the remarkable 50 year history of socialist China, including the cultural revolution of the 1960s and 70s . It is therefore a space to remember and tell stories to those who did not experience this period of history.
2. A challenging setting: Water level fluctuations, tree preservation and design with machines
The site inventory of this small former shipyard included an existing lake of fluctuating water levels, existing trees and vegetation, and the wreckages of docks, cranes, rails, water towers and other machinery. These factors challenged the design in three ways:
Challenge 1: fluctuating water levels:. With the existing lake connected through the Qijiang River to the sea, water levels fluctuate up to 1.1 meters daily. To meet this challenge, a network of bridges were constructed at various elevations and integrated with terraced planting beds so that native weeds from the salt march can be grown and visitors can feel the breath of the ocean.
Challenge 2: Balance river width regulations for flood control while protecting old ficus trees along the riverbank. Regulations of the Water Management Bureau required the river corridor at the east side of the site to be expanded from 60 meters to 80 meters to manage water flow. This meant that a series old banyan trees were to be cut down in order to widen the river channel. Our approach was to dig a parallel ditch of 20 meters width on the other side of the trees, leaving them intact as an island of preservation.
Challenge 3: Remnant rust docks and machinery – nothing as gigantic or unusual as a gas works or steel factory. These elements, if left intact because of a pure preservation or ecological restoration ethic, might actually be a distraction or nuisance for local residents. Three approaches are taken to artistically and ecologically dramatize the spirit of the site using these elements: preservation, modification of old forms and creation of new forms. New forms include a network of straight paths, a red box and a green box that dramatize the character of the site in an artistic way.
The design especially pay attention on the following aspects:
1. Site opportunities and design in details
From the preservation of vegetation along the old lake shore, the protection of old banyan trees along the river side, the reuse of rails, the decoration of water towers and the placing and reuse of dilapidated machines, to the creation of the red box, all original required elements are carefully designed to fulfill the design intention set forth at project inception.
2. Functionalism
Function reigns supreme in this design. This is evident in the network of paths that link unique locations and exits, the reuse of docks for tea houses and club houses, the accessible terraces planted with native plants, the light tower made from the former water tower, and the paving under trees where shadow boxing can be practiced.
3. Relationship to the urban context.
The park merges into the urban fabric through a network of paths and urban facilities that were extended into the park, such as docks that are reused for tea houses (local people customarily drink tea in tea houses). Water elements merge via the inlet from the sea that fluctuates along with ocean tides.
4. Environmental responsibility.
The principle of reducing, reutilizing and recycling natural and man-made materials is well followed in this project. Original vegetation, soil and natural habitats were preserved, just as only native plants were used throughout the park. Machines, docks and other structures were reutilized for educational, aesthetic and functional purposes.
This park is environmentally friendly, educational, and full of cultural and historical meanings. It calls people to pay attention to culture and history that has not yet been designated as formal or “traditional.” It is about the common man, as well as an environment ethic that states, “Weeds are beautiful.”