非謂語動詞的類別和句法功能
非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
非謂語動詞的固定搭配非謂語動詞邏輯主語的表達形式和否定形式
非謂語動詞是歷年高考考查的重點和熱點。然而從對近幾年的高考題分析來看，命題者更趨向于對非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的選擇的考查。一來可以考查到學生掌握非謂語動詞的用法,同時也可以考查到句式結構，也就是運用語言的能力了。今后的試題中應該還是熱點。請看典型例題典型例題題的考查情況。
經(jīng)典易錯題會診
命題角度 1 非謂語動詞類別和句法功能
1.(典型例題)I think you’ll grow him when you know him better.
A.liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] 動詞grow有“達到做某事的程度或地步”的含義，后面常接不定式。按照句意應該是“喜歡上他”的動詞like而不是“像他”的介詞like.
[對癥下藥] C
2.( 典型例題)It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. The answers ready will be of great help.
A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having
[考場錯解] A或B
[專家把脈] 根據(jù)語境選用非謂語動詞來充當主語。動名詞做主語表示一般的行為動作而不定式做主語則表示具體的。動名詞一般式所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生。如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用動名詞的完成式。顯然，這里不符合完成式的含義。
[對癥下藥] D
3.( 典型例題)The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] 從四個選項的設置來看，本題考查不定式和分詞作定語的區(qū)別。分析題干可知，smell這里應當是連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語，所以不能用被動形式，可以排除C和D。主語出the flowers與非謂語動詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，而且強調(diào)的是目前的狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞符合。
[對癥下藥] B
4.( 典型例題) “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, out of the window.
A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked
[考場錯解] D
[專家把脈] 句意是Bob說話時的伴隨動作，那么是現(xiàn)在分詞用作伴隨狀語了。此時沒有完成式。
[對癥下藥] A
5.( 典型例題) Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents .
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
[考場錯解] B
[專家把脈] 本題考查不定式與分詞作賓補的區(qū)別。賓補與parents之間有邏輯上的被動關系，因此要用過去分詞作賓補。get parents worried意思是“使父母擔心”， worried表示狀態(tài)。
[對癥下藥] B
6.(典型例題) The repair cost a lot, but it’s money well .
A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending
[考場錯解] C
[專家把脈] 前文意為:修理花了很多錢。表明動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，過去分詞作定有完成被動的含義。
[對癥下藥] B
專家會診
非謂語動詞句法功能的注意事項:
◆不定式
1.介詞后的動詞不定式只限于作介詞except和but的賓語，此時except／but意為“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:
can but + 動詞原形;只能、只得……
cannot help(choose)but + 動詞原形:……不能不……
do nothing but + 動詞原形:只做……
There is nothing to do but + 動詞原形: ……只有做……
have no choice but to do:只有做……
例如:
The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to)
I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to)
She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to)
I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)
2.不定式在使役動詞have，let，make以及感官動詞see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen to，feel后的賓補，不定式符號要省略，但這些句子變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，就必須帶符號to.例如:
I often hear him sing this song. →
He is often heard to sing this song.
I saw them play in the park. →
They were seen to play in the park.
3.不定式作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系。如果作定語的不定式使不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是其動作的地點、工具等，不定式后須有相應的介詞。但名詞way，place，way除外。例如:
He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主謂關系 )
There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 動賓關系 )
Here is some paper for you to write on.
The boy has a nice pen to write with.
We found a way to solve this problem (in).
通常使用不定式作定語的情況有:(1)不定式表示將來；(2)用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no， all，any等限定詞的中心詞。(3)用來修飾一些抽象名詞，常見的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如:
During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.(表將來)
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序數(shù)詞修飾)
I have no chance to escape. (修飾抽象名詞)
Do you have the ability to read French? (修飾抽象名詞)
4.不定式作狀語時可以表示目的、原因、結果或條件。表示目的時可用in order to，so as to換用；表示條件時，一般把表示條件的動詞不定式置于句首，句中的謂語動詞常含有will，shall，should， would，can，must，could等情態(tài)動詞。例如:
He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 )
He woke up to find everybody gone. (表結果)
I’m very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、樂)
To look at him, you can’t help laughing. (表條件，謂語動詞含有can)
He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度)
He is old enough to go to school. (表程度)
◆過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語的區(qū)別:
這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動作發(fā)生的時間上的區(qū)別。過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前或是沒有一定的時間性；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。例如:
The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (將要修建的)
The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)
The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己經(jīng)修建了的)
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (沒有時間性)
Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在)
The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表將來)
在英語中，表示“感覺狀態(tài)”的動詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式作表語和定語時，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人感到……”，指主語或被修飾的詞給人的感覺；過去分詞表示”感到……”，指主語或被修飾的詞本身的感覺。例如:
interesting令人感興趣的interested感到有興趣的
exciting令人感到激動的excited感到激動的
shocking令人感到震驚的shocked感到震驚的
◆過去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別:
1.感官動詞(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役動詞(have，let，make)后的賓補有三種形式，即原形動詞(不帶to的不定式)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動和正在進行，過去分詞表示被動完成，不定式表示主動和完成。注意:make不能接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。
例如:
I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主動，完成)
I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在進行)
I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被動)
The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make)
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表示狀態(tài))
I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成)
2.動詞leave后接三種形式作賓補時，表達的具體含義是“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。例如:
It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主動，正在進行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被動，完成)
My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主動，將來)
My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done. (被動，將來)
◆過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別:
1.一般來說，過去分詞表示被動完成的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動進行的動作。例如:
Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.
Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.
2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動一般式表示正在進行的被動動作，過去分詞表示被動完成的動作。例如:
Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.
Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.
3.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式表示先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的動作，過去分詞所表示的動作，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，有時與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，有時表示未來的被動動作或狀態(tài)。例如:
Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended.
Used in this way，the word shouldn’t be taken as a verb.
Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly.
◆獨立主格結構
分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果與句子的主語不一致，那么分詞短語就需要有自己的邏輯主語，這就是獨立主格結構形式。
獨立主格結構是分詞短語意義上的邏輯主語，通常由名詞或代詞來充當，放在分詞之前。因為沒有實際的主語和謂語，獨立主格結構不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充當時間、原因、方式等狀語。例如:
Winter having come, it’s getting colder and colder.
The homework finished,the child went home.
His leg badiy hurt,he had to stay in bed.
Time permitting, we’ll visit the
She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her.
從例句可以看出，獨立主格結構中分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語是兩個不同的人或物，因此，分詞前的名詞或代詞不能省略。
獨立主格結構也可以由“with／without + 名詞或代詞 + 分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語”構成。例如:
The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon.
With his parents away, the boy became naughtier.
The teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand).
She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被動,狀態(tài))
She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主動,正在)
With you to help me , I could do it better. (主動，將來)
With a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被動，完成)
With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被動,將來)
◆垂懸分詞作狀語
垂懸分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞一種特殊用法，其邏輯主語是句子非主語部分中指人或物的某一名詞或代詞，或泛指“我們”。例如:
Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的邏輯主語是句中him 所指的人)
Walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的邏輯主語是句中my所指的“我”)
Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using 的邏輯主語泛指“我們”)
考場思維訓練
1 such heavy loss, the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
答案: A
解析:suffering在謂語動詞動作之前發(fā)生。
2 When last valuable, those books enjoyed great success.
A. finding B. found C. being found D. to be found
答案: B
解析:相當于when last the books were found valuable。
3 How pleased the detective was __ what his customer told him!
A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. to hearing
答案: B
解析:be pleased to do sth.
4 —I’ll thank you __ my affairs alone.
—I will. It is none of my business.
A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left
答案: C
解析:這里不是thank you for(doing)sth.結構，是謝謝的前提。
命題角度 2 非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
1.(典型例題蘇)—Is Bob still performing?
—I’m afraid not. He is said __ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
[考場錯解] C或B
[專家把脈] 從句意判斷，動作leave后有already修飾，應當用完成式；其邏輯主語是he，不存在被動，故選項 A最佳。
[對癥下藥] A
2 (典型例題)_____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] 受到for a week的影響，考生容易誤選 A。這里非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是the two students，而lose是及物動詞，應當用被動來表示，或是lose oneself結構。選項A如果改成Having been lost也是正確答案。
[對癥下藥] B
3.(典型例題 ) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] 本題很容易誤選A，把它動作謂語動詞。句意是“今天我送你100美元，其余的等一年之后”，相當于定語從句which will follow的省略。這里動詞follow是指“某事在時間或空間上在其他事物之后”的含義。
[對癥下藥] C
4.(典型例題) The news reporters hurried to the airport, only __ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] only + to do常用作結果狀語，表示一種出乎意外的結果，意為“結果卻”。這里the news repoaers與tell之間是被動關系，所以不定式中用被動形式。
[對癥下藥] B
[考場錯解] C
5.(典型例題) The old man,__ abroad for twenty, years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
[考場錯解] C
[專家把脈] 根據(jù)后面on the way back的提示，可以知道work這一動作已經(jīng)結束，所以應該用非謂語動詞的完成式；再依據(jù)句中的逗號排除選項C．
[對癥下藥] D
6.(典型例題) You were silly not __ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] You are silly后接不定式一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作；接不定式的完成式表示先于謂語動詞的動作。“沒鎖上汽車”是指謂語動詞之前的動作，所以用完成式。
[對癥下藥] B
7.(典型例題) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated
[考場錯解] A或B
[專家把脈] 從題意看，澳大利亞與其他大陸分開有很多年了，動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，又是被動關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式是最合適的。
[對癥下藥] C
1.動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，一般使用不定式的被動語態(tài)，形式有一般式和完成式(進行式?jīng)]有被動式)。例如：
Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again．(hear from和his father之間是被動關系)
The book is sid to have been tramlated into many languages．(translate和the book之間是被動關系)
注意：不定式中使用主動代替被動的情況：
(1)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式往往用主動形式。例如:
I haven’t got a key to unlock the door.(to unlock the door的邏輯主語是a key)
(2)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和主語構成主謂關系時，不定式往往用主動形式。例如:
I haven’t got a book to read．(I為不定式的邏輯主語，a book為不定式的邏輯賓語)
(3)不定式作賓語形容詞的狀語，和句中的主語構成了邏輯上的動賓關系，不定式多用主動，實際上形容詞后省略了for one或for people。例如：
The book is difficult (for me) to understand.
He is hard ( for me) to work with.
(4)在there be結構中，如果考慮必須有人去完成某事時，用主動；如果強調(diào)事情本身必須完成時，用被動。例如:
There is a lot of to be done. (工作被作)
There is a lot of to do. (需要人去做)
2.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
動名詞一般式所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生。如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用動名詞的完成式。如果動名詞的邏輯這樣是動名詞動作的承受者，這時用動名詞的被動式。例如:
We are interested in playing chess. (同時)
She is looking forward to hearing from you again. (之后)
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. (之前)
The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone. (被動)
The house showed no sign of having been damaged.(之前，被動)
考場思維訓練
1 There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen
答案: C
解析:不定式和邏輯主語是被動關系。
2 __ in 1963,and in
A. Being born; having raised B. Bom; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; raising
答案: B
解析:沒有強調(diào)時間的先后。
3 —I regret you John has been fired.
—I can hardly believed my ears. He is such a fine worker
A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told
答案: C
解析:在謂語動作之后發(fā)生。
4 —Manager, do you have something __ at this moment?
—No, thanks. I’ll call you if any.
A. to be typed B. to type C. typing D. typed
答案: A
解析:強調(diào)事情本身必須完成。
命題角度 3 非謂語動詞的固定搭配
1.(典型例題慶)—What should I do with this passage?
—___ to the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out
[考場錯解] D
[專家把脈] 如果理解成表示目的的不定式就會誤選D。根據(jù)語境是回答對方的問題“做什么what”，回答時，這里用祈使語氣。
[對癥下藥] C
2.(典型例題) When asked by the police, he said that he remember_____at the party, but not __
A. to arrived; leaving B. to arrived; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
[考場錯解] B
[專家把脈] forget／remember／regret to do忘記／記?。蠡谌プ瞿呈?，forget／remember／regret doing忘記／記得／后悔已經(jīng)做過某事。根據(jù)語境，動作已發(fā)生，當用動名詞，同時but后要和前文保持一致。
[對癥下藥] C
3.(典型例題)My advisor encouraged __ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
[考場錯解] C
[專家把脈] 考生往往會習慣想到for sb．t.d.sth．其實，encourage是及物動詞，常用于encourage+賓語+不定式結構。
[對癥下藥] D
4.(典型例題)Having been iii in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time___the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
[考場錯解] B
[專家把脈] 固定結構have a hard time(in)doing something意為“好不容易；在……方面有困難”。
[對癥下藥] D
5.(典型例題春招)He looked around and caught a man_____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] 習慣用語catch somebody doing something意為“偶然撞見某人正在做某事”。
[對癥下藥] D
專家會診
英語中非謂語動詞的固定搭配是因詞而定，沒有固定的規(guī)律?？忌挥欣斡浰鼈兊男问?，才能成功破題。
1.下列動詞或動詞短語后面只接動名詞作賓語:
admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider (考慮) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(錯過), practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer等動詞;
be used to(習慣于), insist on, can’t help(情不自禁) , can’t stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to, put off, devote to,stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy (in) , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)等動詞組。
2.下列動詞或動詞短語后面能接動名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別：
forget／remember／regret to do忘記／記住／后悔去做某事
forget／remember／regret doing忘記／記得／后悔已經(jīng)做過某事
stop to do停下來接著做另一件事stop doing停止做一件事
mean to do意欲、企圖做某事mean doing意味著做某事
go on to do做完某事接著做另一件事go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事
try to do努力、試圖做某事try doing嘗試著做某事
3.有些短語作狀語是固定結構:
judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering (that)... (考慮到……), supposing/ providing (that)... (假如……),seeing ( that )... (既然,由于……) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with
(首先，第一)。例如:
Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.
Tuning to the left, he saw a bus passing.
Considering everything, he did a good job.
Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don’t see how you can stop her.
考場思維訓練
1 I lost my way in complete darkness and, __ matters worse, it began to rain.
A. made B. having made C. making D. to make
答案: D
解析:to make matters worse是固定搭配，意為“情況更糟糕的是”。
2 The result was not made until last Sunday.
A. to know B. knowing C. known D. to be known
答案: C
解析:改成主動句“They didn’t make the result known until lasts Sunday” 即知是分詞充當賓補。
3 When he got off the bus, he found his pocket
A. stolen B. picked C. gone D. missing
答案: B
解析:pickone’s pocket意為“扒某人口袋”，這里是have sth.done句型。
4 I really appreciate __ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
答案: B
解析:appreciate接ing形式作賓語。
命題角度 4 非謂語動詞邏輯主語的表達形式和否定形式
1.(典型例題徽) I really can’t understand __ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
[考場錯解] A或B
[專家把脈] 本題題干相當于I really can’t understand why you treated her like that，而understand不能用于understand sb.to do sth.結構中。這里用動名詞形式， you是其邏輯主語。
[對癥下藥] D
2.(典型例題) the program, they have to stay there for another two week.
A. Not completed B. Not completing C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
[考場錯解] A
[專家把脈] 根據(jù)非謂語動詞的否定形式的構成，排除D；再根據(jù)非謂語動詞與句子主語的關系，排除B；句意是“沒有完成編程”的動作發(fā)生在have to stay動作之前，所以用完成式
[對癥下藥] C
3.(典型例題春招) Victor apologized for __ to in form me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
[考場錯解] B
[專家把脈] 動名詞的否定形式是由not+動名詞構成的，動名詞的復合結構由物主代詞或名詞所有格+動名詞構成。
[對癥下藥] C
It is important for us to work hard. ( to work is important.只能用 for)
It is kind of you to help me to clean the room. (you are kind. 只能用 of)
We want to go with you to have a picnic.
Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema.
I want the report to be typed as quickly as possible.
The manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible.
Tom’s coming surprised all of us. (主語)
His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry. (主語)
Would you mind me/ my opening the window?(賓語)
They ali thought Tom’s/ Tom going there a great mistake. (賓語)
Is there any hope of their team winning the game? (無生命)
專家會診
非謂語動詞的邏輯主語也就是非謂語動詞的動作執(zhí)行者。在不定式中，邏輯主語是of或for的 介詞賓語，或是句子的主語，或是句子的賓語。
例如:
It is important for us to work hard.(to work is important.只能用for)
It is kind of you to help me to clean the room.(you are kind.只能用of)
We want to go with you to have a picnic.
Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema.
I want the report to be typed as quickly as possible.
The manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible.
動名詞的復合結構在句中作主語時，其邏輯主語必須是形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格；作賓語、表語時，其邏輯主語是形容詞性物主代詞、人稱代詞、名詞的所有格或普通格；無生命名詞或有生命的名詞表示泛指時，必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞的賓格。例如：
Tom’s coming surprised all of us (主語)
His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry.(主語)
Would you mind me/my opening the window?(賓語)
They all thought Tom’s /Tom going there a great mistake.(賓語)
Is there any hope of their team winning the game ?(無生命)
I have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指)
分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語和主句的主語是一致的，如果不同則要用到獨立主格結構形式(見上文)。
例如:
Being a student, you must study hard.
When crossing the streets you must be careful.
If heated to high temperature, ice can change into water.
考場思維訓練
A. having been injured B. having injured C. injuring D. injured
答案: C
解析:分詞的邏輯主語是前面那件事。
A. Being the fourth biggest city
B. Once the forth biggest city
C. It was once the forth biggest city
D. The forth biggest city it was
答案: B
解析:用分詞作狀語時要考慮邏輯主語的一致性。
3 __ a replay, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案: C
解析:不定式和動名詞的否定是對整體的否定，所以否定詞在之前。
探究開放題預測
非謂語動詞是歷年高考考查的重點和熱點。然而從對近幾年的高考題分析來看，命題者更趨向于對非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的選擇的考查。一來可以考查到學生掌握非謂語動詞的用法，同時也可以考查到句式結構，也就是運用語言的能力了。今后的試題中應該還是熱點。請看典型例題典型例題題的考查情況。
1 __ in a white uniform , he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
[解題思路] 非謂語動詞所暗含的主語是he，相當于狀語從句When he is dressed in a white unifonn，因此填系表結構dressed．
[解答] A
2.The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.
A. cansed B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
[解題思路] 非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在1eft之前，并且有明顯的后果，是完成式；和邏輯主語之間是主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。
[解答] D
3 “ou can’t catch me !”Janet shouted, away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
[解題思路] 結構為“祈使句+and+陳述句”。
[解答] A
4.I’ve never seen anyone run so fast— David go.
A. just watch B. just to watch C. just wateth D.mgust Dhaving watched
[解題思路] 根據(jù)破折號以及just的用法可知，題干是祈使句的形式。
[解答] A
5.—English has a large vocabulary, hash’t it?
—Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
[解題思路] 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
[解答] B
6.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the gift and took her away, __ into the woods.
A. seizing... disappeared B. seized... disappeared C. seizing... disappearing D. seized... disappearing
[解題思路] 由and連接兩個或兩個以上的并列結構時形式上要一致，即seized the girl and took her away要一致，所以先排除A和巴后面的動詞應用非謂語動詞形式出現(xiàn)表示結果。
[解答] D
考場思維訓練
1 If the project __ by the end of this year is delayed, the construction will be fined.
A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completing D. completed
答案: A
解析:這里是非謂語動詞。不定式作定語表示將來。
2 —We do hope we can be of some help, doctor.
—That’s great! ___ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given
答案: A
解析:“祈使句+and+陳述句”結構。
3 How many of us___ ,say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion.
A. attended B. attending C. to attended D. have attended
答案: B
解析:would be interested in是謂語，所以用非謂語形式，不是尚未發(fā)生的動作，排除C。
考點高分解題綜合訓練
I．單項選擇
1 The students in the dormitories were forbidden, unless they had special passes, __ after 11 p.m.
A. staying out B. stay out C. from staying out D. to stay out
答案: D
解析:只是forbid sb.to do的被動結構，unless從句插入其中。
2 When you have finished reading the novel, you will tlnd the hero
A. a person too perfect to be not true
B. a too perfect person to be true
C. too perfect a person to be not true
D. too perfect a person to be true
答案: D
解析:考查“too+形容詞+名詞”的結構。
3 How close parents are to their children a strong effect on the character of the children.
A. to have B. has C. having D. have
答案: B
解析:how引導的是主語從句，故用謂語動詞，單數(shù)。
4 _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.
A. If walking B. When one is walking C. To walk D. Walking
答案: A
解析:只能用句子，因主句的主語是the mountains， 否則邏輯不通。
5 —Car 8 won the race in the end.
—Yes, but the driver came close to __
A. being killed B. have been killed C. having been killed D. be killed
答案: A
解析:close to“接近，差不多”，to是介詞，選項C表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，實際沒有。
6 She was lying on the sofa enjoying the music he out of his DVD.
A. hgd coming B. had come C. had it coming D. had it come
答案: A
解析:定語從句是he had the music coming out of....
7 It was __ the old clock that the old man spent the whole afternoon at home.
A. repaired B. to repaired C. repairing D. in repair
答案: C
解析:spend time in doing sth.變?yōu)閺娬{(diào)句型來強調(diào)repairing.
8 Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns ont.
A. adding B. to have added C. to add D. added
答案: D
解析:前半句所設空格是with引導的復合結構， phone與system是被動關系。
9 nice, the food was sold out soon.
A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted
答案: B
解析:nice是形容詞，所以taste是連系動詞，用現(xiàn)在分詞。
10 Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie open D. left; lay open
答案: B
解析:考查“leave+賓語+賓補”的結構。
11 Whom would you rather have __ to the market with you?
A. go B. gone C. going D. to go
答案: A
解析:該句還原成：I would rather have Tom go with me.
12 Beading the instructive book, __ .
A. tears came to his eyes B. his eyes were full of tears C. he burst into tears D. his eyes were filled with tears
答案: C
解析:保證分詞的邏輯主語能夠完成其動作。
13 your understanding, _ _ to a program more than once, MP3s, the Web or recorded radio broadcasts.
A. Increase; listen; use B. Increasing; listening; using C. To increase; listen; use D. To increase; listen; using
答案: D
解析:第一空，不定式作狀語表目的，第二空是該句的主句，用謂語動詞，第三空現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，補充說明。
14 Mr.Brown was sent by a long- distance call __ to see his dying mother.
A. to hurry B. hurrying C. hurry D. hurried
答案: B
解析:send sb.doing sth.的被動形式。
15 —Are you’sure __ the door before you left?
—Mum, not surely. We’d better go back to have a look.
A. of locking B. to lock C. to have locked D. have locked
答案: C
解析:從后面的before you left可知be sure后應用不定式的完成式。
16 —It snowed heavily last night and there must be a lot of snow on Emei Mount.
—No, we found a little snow, as most of it seemed __ off the mountain.
A. to have blown B. to have been blown C. to be blowing D. to be blown
答案: B
解析:動作在謂語動作之前，完成被動。
17 Only __ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. takings B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
答案: B
解析:作狀語，與主語是被動關系，用過去分詞。
18 That gas pipeline project, in July 2220 and __in 典型例題ill be China’s longest gas pipeline in history.
A. starting; completing B. started; to be completed C. to start; completed D. starting; completed
答案: B
解析:主語的謂語是will be，用表示將來被動的to be completed.
19 Ann never dreams of for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. being a chance B. there being a chance C. that she will have a chance D. there to be a chance
答案: B
解析:介詞of后接動名詞，B項是there be句型的動名詞形式。
20 This is a disease that can result in total blindness if left .
A. untreated B. untreating C. to be untreated D. to untreat
答案: A
解析:disease和untreat是被動關系，再由leave的賓補決定。
21 Oncelost,_ ?
A. it is hard to get such a chance again
B. to get such a chance will be difficult
C. one can never get such a chance again
D. such a chance might never come again
答案: D
解析:非謂語動詞作狀語要和主句的主語保持一致，此處指機會的失去。
22 —Are all the tickets of the articles in the content?
—Yes, all .
A. listed; included B. listing; includes C. listed; including D. being listed; being included
答案: A
解析:兩處都表示被動，用過去分詞。
23 Reading English in the morning seems to me a rule .
A. to never break B. never to be breaking C. never to be broken D. never to have broken
答案: C
解析:不定式做定語并且表示被動。
24 —Who told you the news?
—A man himself Lao Zhang.
A. calling B. called C. call D. to call
答案: A
解析:由于call后帶有復合賓語，用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語。
25 Yesterday he had his gold watch __ in the street after he had it
A. stolen; repairing B. stealing; repairing C. stolen; repaired D. stealing;, repaired
答案: C
解析:考查have sth.done結構。
26 He got up, legs_ and forehead sweating, and whether he could walk home.
A. shaking; wondered B. shook; wondering C. shaking; wondering D. shook; wondered
答案: A
解析:第一空與sweating并列，第二空與 got up并列。
27 at the station when it got dark, the passengers found there were no buses homes.
A. Arriving; to take B. Arriving; to ride C. Having arrived; riding on D. Having been arrived; to go on
答案: A
28 We hope the building project __ will be completed as soon as possible because a lot of citizens are complaining about the noises.
A. to be carried out B. carried out C. being carried out D. carrying out
答案: C
29 —Have you received Jack’s plan?
—Yes, but I don’t think his plan is __ .
A. worth being considered B. worthy to be considered C. worthy of considering D. worth to be considered
答案: B
解析:考查worth／worthy的用法。
30 left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the job.
A. Though such a short time B. Because such a short time C. With such a short time D. s such a short time
答案: C
解析:with such a short time left短語在句中作狀語……。
31 is a difficult habit to break.
A. Smoke B. Smoked C. Smoking D. To smoke
答案: C
解析:動名詞作主語，表示吸煙這件事，而D項表 示將來。
32 __ industrial pollution is the key to __ the country a comfortable and clean place to live in.
A. Control; keeping B. To control; keeping C. To control; keep D. Controlling; keep
答案: B
解析:第二空的to是介詞。
33 He prefers __ as businessman so as to avoid being recognized.
A. to dress B. to be dressed C. to be dressed up D. dressing
答案: C
解析:be dressed up as...意為“裝扮成……”。
34 I know nothing about __ in the army.
A. her having worked B. for her to work C. she working D. her having been worked
答案: A
解析:動名詞的復合形式和時態(tài)。
35 __ , we all went to each other’s home very happily.
A. We had said goodbye B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye having been said D. Saying goodbye
答案: C
解析:獨立主格結構作狀語。
36 Everyone has his or her special skills and interests, and only __ we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.
A. discovering which B. discovering what C. by discovering which D. by discovering what
答案: D
解析:考查“only+狀語”結構的用法，要部分倒裝同時缺少賓語，所以用what.
37 Was it the conference of the APEC that made
A. holding B. to hold C. held D. having held
答案: A
解析:強調(diào)句型強調(diào)句中的主語holding。
38 There was a terrible noise the sudden bursts of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案: B
解析:后置定語following與noise邏輯上是主謂關系。
39 __ football on the playground, the boys felt very happy.
A. Leaving playing B. Left to play C. Left playing D. To leave playing
答案: C
解析:相當于狀語從because the boys were left playing football on the playground.
40 Rather than __ for help from someone else, however difficult the task is, I prefer completing it by myself.
A. to ask B. asking C. ask D. to have asked
答案: B
解析:考查結構“prefer doing sth.rather than doing sth.”的用法。
41 Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used late for his lecture.
A. to have students B. for students’ being C. for students to be D. to students’ being
答案: D
解析:be used to doing習慣于。
42 The big - eyed girl came in, _ _ a cake with two candles on it.
A. bring; lit B. brought; lighted C. carrying; lighted D. taking; lighting
答案: C
解析:light的過去分詞作定語時用lighted.
43 As soon as I entered Evan’s company I saw a board “ to Evan’s”.
A. reads; Welcomed B. written; To welcome C. reading; Welcome D. printed; Welcome
答案: C
解析:這里read表示“標明”，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動；welcome用作形容詞。
44 He let me repeat his instructions __ sure that I understand what was __ after he were away.
A. to make; to be done B. making; doing C. to make; to do D. making; to do
答案: C
解析:第一空不定式作目的狀語，第二空be to do sth.是習慣用法，表示將來，同時和主語what是被動關系。
45 He meant __ his homework before lunch, but his pen didn’t work.
A. finishing B. having finished C. finished D. to finish
答案: A
解析:mean to do sth.打算做某事。
46 Which do you enjoy __ your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent
答案: B
解析:這里表示enjoy doing sth.而不定式表示目的。
47 —My son failed to be accepted by the firm after the interview.
—Now that he wasn’t well prepared, he might as well
A. not try B. not to have tried C. not have tried D. not to try
答案: C
解析:might as well do sth.表示“做某事到也無妨”，t叮的動作先于謂語動詞的動作，用完成式。
48 New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before .
A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted C. fully accepting D. fully being accepting
答案: A
解析:動名詞的被動式作介詞before的賓語，副詞fully的位置在中間。
49 I must apologize for __ ahead of time.
A. letting you not to know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting you not know
答案: B
解析:動名詞短語的否定，所以not在letting 之前。
50 To read aloud the English text before breakfast seemed to me a rule .
A. to never break B. never to be breaking C. never to have broken D. never to be broken
答案: D
解析:a rule never to be broken意為“從未被打破的習慣。”
Ⅱ.完形填空
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從51—70各題所給的四個選項中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。
Not so long ago, if you avoided drinking water during a workout, you were considered tough. Today, most experts
51 , you would be considered unintelligent.
Even if you don’t sweat much or feel 52 and even if there is a nice breeze, 53 experts say drinking water or something 54 —is essential before, during and after all wanner - weather 55 Only a few years ago, many coaches 56 players from drinking anything during the game - they thought it was 57 for them to rinse their mouths, 58 swallowinganything might slow them down.
Now, there’s 59 plenty of water on the sidelines for athletes to drink. The National Hockey League even 60 goalkeepers to put water bottles on top of their nets.
These new practices 61 be lost on the recreational athlete. Some 62 advise you do drink about two cups of water 15 minutes or so after you 63 exercising and the same amount every 15 minutes. In some types of exercise -running, for example—others encourage drinking a cup or two of water 64 the workout.
Don’t drink any more, experts say -too much fluid makes 65 and exercise uncomfortable. In 66 continuous hot - weather exercise, 67 can sweat and breathe away 1.8 kilograms of 68 an hour.
Drinking water does two things: restore some 69 and allows you to keep sweating so the skin can be kept 70 Doctors say drinking six or eight cups a day can help digestion.
51. A. discover B. suggest C. agree D. fear
答案: D
解析:與上一句的consider相呼應，闡述前后兩種不同的觀點與看法。
52. A. thirsty B. hungry C. hot D. tired
答案: C
解析:四個選項中“感覺口渴”與喝水的關系最密切，最直接。
53. A. labor B. children C. water D. exercise
答案: D
解析:文中講述飲水與運動的關系，這種觀念的提出人應當是醫(yī)生或運動專家。
54. A. else B. instead C. fresh D. tasteful
答案: B
解析:or something為固定短語，意思是or something like that，如果用something else，意思太廣。用instead，“或別的類似的東西來代替”。
55. A. seasons B. lessons C. days D. activities
答案: D
解析:體育運動與飲水的關系。
56. A. excused B. discouraged C. prevented D. saved
答案: B
解析:prevent sb.from doing sth.表示“阻止／不讓某人做”，而另一選項discourage在此更佳，它的動作僅停留在口頭上，勸說某人不做。
57. A. possible B. unnecessary C. difficult D. right
答案: D
解析:本句意思是“漱漱口，保持口腔濕潤是可 以的。”
58. A. but B. then C. therefore D. though
答案: A
解析:與上句聯(lián)系起來，“漱漱口就可以了，但如果喝水則會使運動員的速度慢下來。”
59. A. seldom B. forever C. usually D. sometimes
答案: C
解析:現(xiàn)如今隨著觀念轉(zhuǎn)變“通常”的做法。
60. A. allows B. promises C. forbids D. guides
答案: A
解析:根據(jù)上下文的意思“允許他們這么做。”
答案: C
解析:對僅僅是做消遣運動的運動員來說，這些新的舉措也應該保持。
62. A. teachers B. parents C. players D. doctors
答案: D
63. A. stop B. start C. give up D. begin with
答案: B
64. A. after B. before C. with D. from
答案: C
解析:“伴隨整個訓練的始終”。
65. A. walking B. breathing C. swallowing D. drinking
答案: B
解析:喝太多的水會令你“呼吸不暢，運動困難”。
66. A. heavy B. easy C. pleasant D. everyday
答案: A
解析:“在炎熱天氣中進行的延續(xù)不斷的運動”當然是heavy(繁重的)。
67. A. a patient B. a drinker C. an athlete D. an expert
答案: C
解析:四個選項中只有athlete與運動有關。
68. A. air B. atmosphere C. oxygen D. water
答案: D
解析:汗水被揮發(fā)掉。
69. A. sweat’ B. weight C. breath D. height
答案: B
解析:喝水不會增加你的身高(height)、呼吸或汗水(sweat)，只會增加體重。
70. A. Warm B. strong C. cool D. safe
答案: C
解析:常識，不斷地出汗，皮膚表面就能保持濕潤而且涼爽。
Ⅲ．短文改錯
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標有題號自，每一行做出判斷；如無錯誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個 (√)；如有錯誤(每行只有一個錯誤)，則按下列情況改正：
該行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，也用斜線劃掉。
該行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(＾)，在該行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。
Dear Peter,
Thanks very much for invite me to your birthday
71.
答案: invite改為inviting
party on Sunday. I’d like very much come but 72.
答案: come前加to
I had an examination on Monday morning. It is 73.
答案: had改為have
a very important exam but I can’t afford to 74.
答案: but改為and
fail it. I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading 75.
答案: 去掉all
and prepare for it. So I’m really sorry that 76.
答案: prepare 改為preparing
I won’t be able to come in this time. I hope you
77.
答案: 去掉in
can understand. I’ll take this chance to wish 78.
答案: 正確
you wonderful time on your birthday. Happy 79.
答案: wonderful前加a
birthday , Peter, and many happy return of the day!
80.
答案: return改為returns
Yours,
Li Ming
聯(lián)系客服
