情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在對話情景中的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
虛擬語氣的一些特殊句式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一些習(xí)慣用法
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問句
經(jīng)典易錯(cuò)題會(huì)診
命題角度 1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的詞匯義辨析
1.(典型例題徽)Helen __ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
[考場錯(cuò)解] D
[專家把脈] 這里表示“能夠”的can。根據(jù)后文“她還不是很肯定”，那么應(yīng)當(dāng)是不肯定的語氣may了。
[對癥下藥] C
2.(典型例題國) I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I __ report it to the police’?.
A. should B. may C. will D. can
[考場錯(cuò)解] D
[專家把脈] 本題的解題思路要從情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身的意義和用法開始。按照情景，在空房子里看到燈光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，所以會(huì)問:你是否認(rèn)為我應(yīng)當(dāng)把這事情報(bào)告給警察?強(qiáng)調(diào)“應(yīng)該”，所以用should.
[對癥下藥] A
3.(典型例題 ) I __ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
[專家把脈] 從后文看，本周不一定有時(shí)間去看 Tracy，是表示推測。如果把misht be的猜測弄混淆了，就會(huì)誤選B.should可以表示“對可能發(fā)生事情的推測”。
[對癥下藥] A
4.(典型例題慶) “The interest __ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
[考場錯(cuò)解] B或C
[專家把脈] 句意為“法官宣布:’按照雙方協(xié)議，利息被分作五個(gè)部分。’”…法官宣布的決定有法律效力，不得違背，而且表示說話人(及其所代表的一方)的決心、意志、允諾等，shall用于第二、三人稱時(shí)，有此用法。must可譯作“必須”，但只是一種主觀要求，不具備shall的毋庸置疑的決定口氣。
[對癥下藥] D
5.(典型例題 ) John, look at the time. __ you piano the piaho at such a late hour?
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
[專家把脈] 根據(jù)句意“你一定要在這么晚的時(shí)候鋼琴嗎?”應(yīng)該填must。
[對癥下藥] A
專家會(huì)診
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
I.can(could)
1.表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀規(guī)定律能做某事的能力，意思是“能夠”。can表“能夠” 時(shí)，既可指將來，也可指現(xiàn)在。be able to 在表示能力時(shí)與can同義，但可用:于各種時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過努力克服困難成功地做某事，相當(dāng)managed to do 或succeeded in doing.例如:
No one can (is able to) finish such a difficult thing.
He can speak English.
I can go there now.
With the help of the fire men ,the the trapped peopel was able to leave the burning buildung(不能用could)
2.表示許可、允許，在疑問句中表示 “請求，許可”，否定句中表示 “不許”，此時(shí)可與may通采用，有時(shí)cannot可以表示 “禁止”，相當(dāng)于“mustn’t”,例如:
May(Can)I help you?
That sort of thing can’t go on !
You can’t ( mustn’t, are not allowed to ) play computer games again.
3.表示推測，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀可能性“可能、會(huì)”，can多用于疑問句和否定句，表示猜測時(shí)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后可用進(jìn)行式或完成式。
—There comes a man. Who can it be?
—It must be our English teacher.
—No, it can’t be him. He has gone to
He can’t have gone there alone.
4.could表示“能力”“可能性”“許可”，為can的過去式。一般用于委婉、客氣地提出問題或陳述看法，此時(shí)can，could并沒有時(shí)間上的差別，只是 could的語氣更客氣些。回答時(shí)用原形回答。
—Could I borrow your English dictionary?
—Of course you can. Go ahead.
Ⅱ.may,might( might 為 may 的過去式)
1.表示許可，有“可以”的意思，詢問或說的一件事可不可以做，有時(shí)可以用can互換。其否定式 may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not =mustn’t代替，may用于疑問句中，回答這種問題時(shí)，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免顯得口氣太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。
例如:
—Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight?
—Yes, you may. (No, you mustn’t/ you’d better not. ) 比較:—Yes, please/please don’t.
2.表推測、或許、可能的意思，表示一件事或許會(huì)發(fā)生，只用在陳述包中。
例如:
Her parents may come to see her tomorrow.
3.may句式用來表示祝愿。例如:
May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed.
May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!
4.might是may的過去式，表示可以做的事或可能發(fā)生的事；主句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口氣委婉，或表示現(xiàn)實(shí)的可能性更小一些的語境中.
例如:
Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy.
I wonder if I might buy some sugar now.
1.表示必須要做的事，意為“必須”，否定式 mustn’t表示“不應(yīng)該，不許可，禁止”等。因此，在回答帶有must的問句時(shí)，不用mustn’t，而用 needn’t或don’have to.例如:
—Must I hand in the paper now?
——Yes,you must.
—No,you needn’t./you don’t have to.
2.must在表示“必須”時(shí)與have to相近，have to比較強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的需要，must著重主觀看法。另外 must不像have to那樣能有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
Tom, you must stay at home. (命令或叮囑)
I have to stay at home to look after my baby. (客觀需要)
3.表推測，暗含很大的可能性，意為“一定”只用于“肯定句”中。例如:
I think there must be a mistake.
4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。例如:
Hey, beys Must you shout so loudly?
1.用于二、三人稱陳述句中。表示說話人給對方的命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等。在疑問句中，表示征詢聽話人是否愿意。例如:
You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允許)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)
You shall do as I tell you. (命令或分咐)
Shall you go with me? (征詢意見)
2.用于一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。例?span lang="EN-US">:
Shall we begin our class?
When shall my father be able to leave hospital?
V. should 和 ought to
should表示勸告、建議常作“應(yīng)當(dāng)”講，與ought to有時(shí)可互換，ought to更注重一些責(zé)任義務(wù)。 should表示預(yù)測可能性，并譯作“可能，(按道理)應(yīng)該”；而ought to則表示非?？赡堋?span lang="EN-US">Should用于委婉、謙遜地提出意見或建議，ousht to可表示因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做的事。例如:
We should (ought to) help each other in work.( ought to 的語氣要強(qiáng))
They should come here now. (按道理應(yīng)該到了)
I am your teacher, I ought to help with your study.(表示有這個(gè)責(zé)任)
Ⅵ.will和would
will可以表示意愿、意志和決心，適用于各種人稱。可以用來表示各種傾向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。有時(shí)還用來表示“難免”。其過去式是would，也可以是單獨(dú)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在表示委婉提出請求、建議或看法時(shí)，語氣比will委婉，肯定的回答時(shí)用will。
例如:
Don’t worry. He will do his best.
Where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示習(xí)慣)
Accident will happen. ( 難免 )
Would you please do me a favor?
考場思維訓(xùn)練
1 Coffee be drunk while it is hot.
A. shall B. must C. will D. ought to
答案: D
解析:這里ought to表示“勸告或推薦”。
2 Tell him that he have the book tomorrow afternoon
A. shall B. will C. need D. dare
答案: A
解析:從句意判斷，表示了“我”的承諾。Shall用于第二、三人稱表示“允諾、命令、警告”的含義。
3 I lived with my uncle this summer and I didn’t have to pay rent. So I __ save most of my salary.
A. could B. would C. was able’to D. should
答案: C
解析:Was able to表示“能夠做什么而且已經(jīng)做成”。
命題角度 2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對話情景中的用法
1.(典型例題 )—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She .I’ve already borrowed one.
A. musn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
[考場錯(cuò)解] A
[專家把脈] 前句是說“Lacy不介意把字典借給你用”，后者說“我已經(jīng)借了一本”，所以是沒有必要了，填 needn’t符合語境。
[對癥下藥] C
2.(典型例題蘇)—I don’t mind telling you what I know.
—You. I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
[考場錯(cuò)解] A
[專家把脈] 前句話說:我不介意告訴你我所知道的事情。后句說:你沒有必要告訴我，我并沒有向你問此事:、因此，是沒有必要needn’t，而不是禁止的mustn’t.
[對癥下藥] D
3.(典型例題津 )—Who is the girl standing over there?
—Well. If you __ know, her name is
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
[考場錯(cuò)解] D
[專家把脈] may表示“可以”，can表示“能夠”，shall表示“應(yīng)該”，must表示“必須，一定”，從句意來看:如果你一定要知道的話，(我就告訴你吧)她的名字是Mobile.那么只有must符合了。
[對癥下藥] C
4.(典型例題)—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You __ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. can’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
[專家把脈] 本題考查shall的用法，在否定陳述句中，shall用于第二、三人稱表示說話人的意愿，如“威脅”。語境表明:要填一個(gè)用于第二人稱、表示說話者意圖的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。后句“要是你不細(xì)心使用，你就不可以 (can’t)用我的電腦。”
[對癥下藥] A
專家會(huì)診
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中三組表達(dá)方式的用法區(qū)別
1.would與used to的區(qū)別。
在表示過去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣時(shí)，used to可用Would代替。used to強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對比，含有“過去怎樣，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的含義；而Would則單純表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，常與often，everyday連用，當(dāng)只是表示過去的狀態(tài)時(shí)，只能用used to.
例如:
They would have a drind in the bar at noon.
Thy used to have a drink in the bar at noon.(現(xiàn)在右能不了)
Every evening,she would sit in frnt of the door to wait for her son .(表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，不能用used to)
They used to be a temple on the to of the mountain.(表示過去的狀態(tài)，不能用would)
2.表示“寧愿做某事”時(shí)，有下列句式結(jié)構(gòu):
would rather do something
would do sth. rather than do sth.
Would rather sb. did sth.
prefer to do sth.
Prefer to do sth. Rather than do sth.
prefer to do sth. to doing sth.
3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定式所表達(dá)的含義
may not,might not 或許不，可能不
can’t can not(= be not able to)不能說
can’t,can not 不可能
may not,can’t, can not, mustn’t (= be not allowed to)不許可
need’t(= don’t have to)不必
shouldn’t,oughtn’t to (= be not supposed to)不應(yīng)該
考場思維訓(xùn)練
1 —Can I tell my best friend about it7
—No, I don’t want anyone else to know it. You __ keep it to yourself.
A. can B. need C. must D. may
答案: C
解析:后者的意思是不想別人知道，當(dāng)然是“必須”了。
2 —Would you like to have a taxi?
—No, I __ walk there. It’s such a lovely day.
A. can B. ought to C. had better D. would rather
答案: D
解析:從It’s such a lovely day.來看是“更愿意走到那兒。”
3 —Mum,why are you here?
—I’ve brought your camera. I thought you __ use it.
A. can B. should C. might D. will
答案: C
解析:用might表示某種可能性。
命題角度 3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1.( 典型例題蘇 ) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
—Oh, dear ! She __ a lot of difficulties !
A. may go through
B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have zone through
[考場錯(cuò)解] C或A
[專家把脈] 按照語境是對過去可能發(fā)生事情的一種猜測，而表示現(xiàn)在的事情。選項(xiàng)C表示“應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做”的責(zé)備。
[對癥下藥] D
2.(典型例題)—I’ 11 tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
[考場錯(cuò)解] B或A
[專家把脈] 句意為:你上個(gè)星期就應(yīng)該告訴她的。表示對過去應(yīng)該做的事情但沒有做的一種責(zé)備，那么只有D項(xiàng)符合了。
[對癥下藥] D
3.(經(jīng)典題)—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh,did you? You with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
[考場易錯(cuò)] D
[專家把脈] 題干中did you這個(gè)信息說明了是一個(gè)表示疑問語氣的句子，而D項(xiàng)是表示對過去事實(shí)的肯定推測，所以是錯(cuò)誤的。could have done表示“應(yīng)該(可以)做的但是沒有做”，符合語境。
[對癥下藥] A
4. (經(jīng)典題) Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I __ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
[專家把脈] just now是表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表示過去發(fā)生的事時(shí)，必須用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。所以只能在選項(xiàng)B或C中來確定答案。Mustn’t have eaten是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)?span lang="EN-US">mustn’t + 動(dòng)詞表示“禁止”，不表示判斷或推測。全句意為:噢，我覺秘胃不舒服。我剛才不應(yīng)該吃那么多炸雞。
[對癥下藥] C
5.(典型例題) —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He have gone far-his coat is still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
[專家把脈] 根據(jù)后文“他的外套還在這兒”，應(yīng)該是不會(huì)走遠(yuǎn)。can’t have done表示一種肯定語氣的推測。
[對癥下藥] C
6.( 典型例題慶) I was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car. They at least
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
[考場錯(cuò)解] C
[專家把脈] 本題是對過去發(fā)生事情的一種猜測，同時(shí)還強(qiáng)調(diào)警察追趕他時(shí)正在發(fā)生的情況，所以選B。
[對癥下藥] B
專家會(huì)診
小結(jié):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +過去分詞”用法
1.must have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測，意思是“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定做了某事”。
例如:
It must have rained last night, for the ground was quite muddy.
The lights were out. They must have been asleep.
2.may／might have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生行為韻推測；意思是“也許；或許、已經(jīng)(沒有)…”。
一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問句。用 might 表示語氣更加不肯定。
例如:
It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.
He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold.
3.might have done表示“本來可能；…”，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事情。還可以表示“本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”的意思；有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。例如:
You should not have swum in that river. You might have been eaten by fish.
You might have given him more help, though you were busy.
4.could have done用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)……”的意義，也可以表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，意思為“本來可以……”。
例如:
You could have done better, but you were too careless.
I went to
I saw his father just now. He couldn’t have gone to
5.should／ougt to have done用于肯定句時(shí)，表示本該做某事，但實(shí)際上沒做；用于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了。
例如:
You should/ ought to have come to the meeting earlier.
He ought not to have treated his parents like that.
6.needn’t have done表示本來不必去做的事但做了。但是didn’t need to表示”沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做”。
例如:
You needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.
I didn’t need to clean the room. My mother did it.
7.can…have done和can not have done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定。
例如:
He cannot have taken away the magazine.
Can he have gone home?
考場思維訓(xùn)練
1 —Did Mary come to the party?
—I don’t know. She while I was out.
A. may have come B. must have come C. might come D. could come
答案: A
解析:would rather后的虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞用過去式形式。
2 We have been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane behind the timetable.
A. must be B. will be
C. would have been D. must have been
答案: D
解析:從前面時(shí)態(tài)提示，可以推出是對過去事情的推測，同時(shí)表示肯定之意。
3 My aunt here by now, for she took the early bus.
A. must arrive B. can arrive C. may arrive D. ought to have arrived
答案: D
解析:從for she took the early bus推斷到此刻為止應(yīng)該到了，因此選D來表達(dá)她未到的遺憾之情。
命題角度 4 虛擬語氣的一些特殊句式
1.(典型例題北) If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to do, I’d like to go Tibet and travel through as much of if as possible.
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
[考場錯(cuò)解] A
[專家把脈] 受if條件虛擬語氣的影響，會(huì)誤選A，根據(jù)句意，如果“能夠的話”，當(dāng)用could更符合語境。
[對癥下藥] B
2.(經(jīng)典題) You didn’t let me drive. If we__turn, you so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wonldn’t have got
[考場錯(cuò)解] A
[專家把脈] 主句、從句兩個(gè)部分都表示與過去事實(shí)相反。
[對癥下藥] D
3.(經(jīng)典題) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
根據(jù)語境這里用虛擬語氣形式。
[對癥下藥] C
[考場錯(cuò)解] A
4.(經(jīng)典題) I would love __ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
[專家把脈] 題干的意思是:昨晚我本來很想去參加晚會(huì)的，但我不得不加班完成一個(gè)報(bào)告。表示與過去事實(shí)相反，所以用would love to have gone來代替would have gone.
[對癥下藥] B
專家會(huì)診
虛擬語氣中的幾種特殊情況
1.if省略句
在條件句中，可省略if把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如果謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。
例如:
Should it (If it should) rain tomorrow; we would not go fishing.
Were it not (if it were not)the expense, I would go abroad now. (不能用 weren’t)
2.在would rather后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式，在It is(hish) time (that)…句型中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，或 should + 動(dòng)詞原形，但should不能省略。例如:
It is high time that you went to school.
It is high time we should start out.
I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.
3.在口語中，虛擬語氣的省略情況
口語中，虛擬語氣的省略情況要注意。如果是一般過去時(shí)，只保留did，could，were等助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞如果是過去完成時(shí)，要保留had；如果是過去將來時(shí)，要保留would／might.同時(shí)還要注意被動(dòng)情況。例如:
①—Have you found the answer to the question?
—I wish I had( found the answer to the question).
②I can’t go to Beijing with you, but I wish I would (go to Beijing with you).
③—Have you finished your homework?
—I would have ( finished my homework) if I had not gone to the cinema last night.
④—The liitle boy who dark the poison by mistake died if he had been sent to the hospital earlier.
—Well. he should have been (sent to the hospital earlier).
4.if only和 only if 句型
(1) if only可以用來表示對現(xiàn)在或未來的愿望,也可以表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。例如:
If only I could swim.(現(xiàn)在的愿望)
If only they would tell me what they have decided. (將來的愿望)
If only they had remembered to buy some fruit just now. (與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望)
(2)only if用于句首，后接從句主謂倒裝，意思是“只要，只有”。例如:
Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.
Only if a teacher has given permissionis a student allowed to enter this room.
考場思維訓(xùn)練
1 —Shall I come tomorrow?
—I’d rather you .
A. didn’t B. won’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t
答案: A
解析:參見專家會(huì)診。
2 —Could I use your pen?
—I’m sorry,it isn’t here. I’d get it for you _ could remember who last borrow it.
A. except that B. now that C. if only D. even though
答案: D
解析: if only若是……，要是……。
3 the sun, nothing on earth could live.
A. Were it not to B. If it was not to C. If it were not for D. If it is not for
答案: C
解析:與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件句。
探究開放題
預(yù)測角度 1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一些習(xí)慣用法
1.We __ wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.
A. might well B. might as well C. could well D. should as well
[解題思路] may well和may／might as well后都接動(dòng)詞原形，是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu)。Maywell+動(dòng)詞原形相當(dāng)于 to be likely to，意為“(完全)能，很可能”。may／might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形相當(dāng)于had better或to have no strong reason not to，意為“最好，不妨”。例如:
You may well be proud of his daughter. 你大可為女兒驕傲
You may well not recognize her, for she has changed a lot. 她變化太大了，你很可能認(rèn)不出她。
You may as well stay here over the night. 你最好留在這里過夜。
Since it’s a fine day, we might as well walk.既然是好天氣，我們不防走走。
除此之外， cannot … too/ enough “表示無論怎么……也不過分”，“越…… 越好”；cannot but do sth.表示“不得不，只好”的含義。例如:
You cannot be too careful.你怎么小心也不過分(你越小心越好)
You cannot remember enough English words. 你記的英語單詞匯越金越好。
I could not but admire your bravery. 我不得不欽佩你的勇氣。
[解答] B
預(yù)測角度 2 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問句
2.Better go to see my sick colleague right now,
A. hadn’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. won’t
[解題思路] had better是特殊形式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可以縮寫成better，其反意疑問句都由had引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)還遵循前肯定后否定的原則。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，通常用相應(yīng)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
例如:
He will come tonight, won’t he?
但當(dāng)謂語部分是“ougkht + 動(dòng)詞原形”時(shí)，疑問部分用ought, ought not, shouldn’t + 主語代詞。例如:
He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
當(dāng)陳述部分有dare，need時(shí)，作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，疑問部分用do的適當(dāng)形式，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，疑問部分用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身。例如:
They need to do it, don’t they?
You dare not come, dare you?
must表示“必須”時(shí)，附加疑問句用needn’t或 mustn’t。表示推測時(shí)，疑問部分要根據(jù)must后的謂語動(dòng)詞以及相對應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)來確定。例如:
You must be Mr.Zhang, aren’t you’?
You must have finished it, haven’t you/didn’t you?
He must have finished the work last night, didn’t he?
(有時(shí)間狀語 last night, 不能用 hasn’t he)
考場思維訓(xùn)練
1 He must be in the classroom,__
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. isn’t D. can
答案: C
解析:表示推測時(shí)，must的反意疑問部分根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞來確定。
2 There used to be a high tower here, ?
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. used there D. usedn’t there
答案: D
解析:見used to的用法。
3 —look! Bob is carefully examine the electric lines.
A. He should be too careful
B. He must be too careful
C. He cannot be too careful
D. He can be too careful
答案: C
解析:意為：他再怎么小心也不過分。
考點(diǎn)高分解題綜合訓(xùn)練
I.單項(xiàng)選擇
1 Our house is on the top of the hill, and in winter the winds _ _ be pretty cold.
A. must B. ought to C. can D. need
答案: C
解析:can表示一種邏輯上的可能。
2 They must have finished the second book by the end oflast month, __ ?
A. didn’t they B. hadn’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
答案: B
解析:句中含過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語by the end of。
3 He __ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.
A. might have B. might have chosen C. had to choose D. must have chosen
答案: B
解析:表示“本可能，但沒能夠”。
4 As long as you don’t finish your homework, you____ go to the park.
A. oughtn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. won’t
答案: C
解析:shall表示“允諾、命令”。
5 —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he __ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
答案: D
解析:從后文知道可能性較小，may not符合。
6 —Where’s Tom? He’s late.
—He stuck in rush-hour traffic.
A. must have had B. may have got C. should have had D. can’t have got
答案: B
解析:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和get stuck形成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
7 The library is just opposite the bookstore. You __miss it.
A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. can’t D. may not
答案: C
解析:表示“不可能”。
8 —Can I join your club, Dad?
—You can when you __ a bit older.
A. are B. were C. will be D. being
答案: A
解析:此處并非虛擬，現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。
9 We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday, he it.
A. mustn’t attend B. can’t have attend C. would not have attended D. mustn’t have attended
答案: B
解析:從We didn’t see him…看，是不可能已經(jīng)參加。
10 It’s said that there are a lot of hotels in that city.There __ be any difficult for you to find somewhere to stay.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
答案: D
解析:從題干看，找地方住“不應(yīng)該”有困難。
11 You __ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.
A. ought to come B. could come C. ought to have come D. must have come
答案: C
表示“過去應(yīng)該怎樣但沒有”。
12 —What about going to concert tomorrow evening?
—That’ll depend on my work, but it be a suitable time for me.
A. must B. might C. should D. will
答案: B
解析:從題干的前文看，“明晚聽音樂會(huì)”是“不肯定”的，故用might表示推測。
13 — the plane have taken off on time?
—I’m afraid not. The fog was too thick then?
A. Can B. Need C. Must D. Should
答案: A
解析:can用在否定句或疑問句中表示猜測。
14 I was cold and hungry at that very moment it __begin to snow.
A. should B. must C. may D. can
答案: A
解析:must這里表示“偏偏，碰巧”。
15 It was, I should say, very kind of you to come all the way to help them, but you____it.
A. didn’t have to do B. wouldn’t have done C. mustn’t have done D. mightn’t have done
答案: A
解析:從句意看，是“原本沒有必要……”。
16 —Miss White has decided to explore in the forest by herself.
—She __ ask her boyfriend to if she __go working in the forest.
A. needn’t to; dares to B. doesn’t need; dares C. need not to; dare to D. needn’t; dare
答案: D
解析:考查need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的用法。
17 —Did you listen to the speech?
—No,we __ it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.
A. could have attended B. must have attended C. could attend D. shouldn’t have attended
答案: A
解析:與過去事實(shí)相反。
18 —You __ have a new dress for your birthday, Joyce.
—Thank you, mum.
A. ought to B.have to C. shall D. must
答案: C
解析:shall用于第二、三人稱表示“允諾、警告、禁止”等。
19 —I saw Mr. Smith at the West Beijing Station this morning.
—You. He’s still on holiday in
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’t have C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
答案: A
解析:完整結(jié)構(gòu)是You couldn’t have seen Mr.Smith...,表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的否定推測。
20 I couldn’t get through. Someone the telephone.
A. may be using B. may have used C. must have been using D. must be using
答案: C
解析:電話不通，說明一直有人在用。
21 Peter __ football in the afternoon, now his leg wounded,he __ in the garden.
A. used to playing;is used to take a walk
B. was used to play;used to take a walk
C. used to play; is used to taking a walk
D. was used to playing;used to taking a walk
答案:C
解析:usedto表示“過去常常做的事”，be used tosth.／doing sth.表示“習(xí)慣做什么”。
22 But Stella has to work,__?
A. oughtn’t she B. mustn’t she C. won’t she D. doesn’t she
答案: D
解析:have to結(jié)構(gòu)要用助動(dòng)詞do進(jìn)行疑問和否定。
23 —Did you walk all the way home by yourself?
—Yes, I did. But I guess l __
A. needn’t B. needn’t have C. shouldn’t D. may not have
答案: B
解析:表示過去做了沒有必要做的事。
24 He was driving so fast that he could have had an accident. We understand that .
A. he didn’t have an accident though he was driving very fast
B. an accident happened, and it was caused by his fast driving
C. if he had been driving very fast, he would have had an accident
D. be wash’t driving fast enough to avoid an accident
答案: A
解析:前句是虛擬假設(shè)表示與過去事項(xiàng)實(shí)相反。
25 —Lucy __ have been to Mary’s wedding. They are the best friends.
—But she for some reason, because Mary asked us why Lucy had missed her wedding.
A. would; couldn’t B. should; can’t C. must; wasn’t able to D. must; might not
答案: C
解析:前者表示對“過去”的肯定 推測，后者指“過去”沒能去。
26 I tried to call on Mr. Wang last week, but his dog simply __ not let me go through the gate.
A. would B. should C. might D. could
答案: A
解析:此處would表示“意愿”，“狗就是不讓我進(jìn)去”。
27 —Do you think Mary will do me a favor?
—As far as I know, she is the last one to help others. She be prepared to give you a hand,though.
A. might B. can C. must D. should
答案: A
解析:根據(jù)句意：她不太可能幫助別人，不過她也許幫助你，用might表示不確定的推測。
28 He learnt nothing in the class. He __ stay at home.
A. may B. might as well C. would D. should
答案: B
解析:miglt as well表示“最好，不妨”。
29 Always the old lady __ sit for hours doing nothing at all.
A. was used to B. would C. used to D. should
答案: B
解析:表示“過去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作”。
30 __ it would be silly to argue any longer.
A. Was that true B. If that was true C. Should that be true D. Could that be true
答案: C
解析:省略if的虛擬句形式。
31 —We are told that Mike had another car accident this morning.
—I don’t believe so. He so careless.
A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been
答案: C
解析:表示“過去不大可能發(fā)生的事情”。
32 I am surprised that he in the match.
A. should fail B. should have failed C. would have failed D. may have failed
答案: A
解析:should用來表示驚奇、感嘆、不滿等感情色彩，would，may則不能。此處是現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作所以不 選B。
33 I’ve blamed him so hard for his mistakes, but I it like that.
A. would rather not do B. wouldn’t rather do C. would rather not have done D. wouldn’t rather have done
答案: C
解析:表示“寧愿沒有做”。
34 It’s nearly 8 o’clock, my friend __ be here at any moment.
A. must B. can C. should D. need
答案:C
解析:should表示一種估計(jì)、預(yù)測情況，意為“按理應(yīng)該，估計(jì)”。
35 You pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. should C. must D. needn’t
答案: C
解析:cannot...too“再怎么……也不過分”。
36 —I feel the house shaking.
—So do I. It __ be a sign of an earthquake most probably. Let’s hurry to leave here!
A. ought to B. must C. can D. might
答案: A
解析:ought to表示“非?？赡艿氖虑?#8221;。
37 —Never touch my computer while I’m away.
A. I shouldn’t B. I mustn’t C. I won’t D. I don’t
答案: C
解析:will表示意志。
38 —So you mean I have been too strict with you?
—Well, if I __ say so.
A. must B. dare C. need D. may
答案: A
解析:may表示“可以”。
39 —I don’t mind telling you what I know.
—You . I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
答案: A
解析:needn’t不必要。
40 As a soldier, you__ do as the head tells you.
A. will B. shall C. may D. ought
答案: A
解析:shall用于第二、三人稱表示命令、意志和決心。
41 Why __ you keep on troubling me with such questions while I am busy?
A. could B. can C. must D. will
答案: C
解析:must表示“偏偏”。
42 —You just think of yourself! You kept me waiting for two hours.
—I’m sorry that you__ think so.
A. would B. should C. could D. can
答案: B
解析:could表示“竟然，居然”。
43 —So you hove to leave now?
—Yes,I __ .
—How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer!
A. have to B. ought to C. do D. hove
答案: A
解析:用什么問用什么回答。
44 —You must do as I tell you.
—Oh,I must, ?
A. should I B. ought I C. mustn’t I D. must I
答案: D
解析:帶有諷刺的感情色彩。
45 Researching findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every nigt, no matter what we __ during the day.
A. should hovp done B. would hove done C. must hove done D. may hove done
答案: D
解析:表示過去做過什么。
46 —Is there any flight to Tokyo this morning?
—I think there , for the weather is too bad.
A. may not be B. shouldn’t be C. can’t be D. mustn’t be
答案: C
解析:根據(jù)后文是語氣肯定的推測，can’t符合。
47 —Which , bread or rice?
— will do.
A. had you hotter eat; Both B. would you like; All C. do you like most; None D. would you rather hove;either
答案: D
解析:would rather的用法。
48 —Do you feel like__ with me?
—I’d like , I would we a taxi.
A. to go;to go;took B. going;to go;tnke C. going;to;took D. going;to;take
答案: C
解析:feel like doing sth.，would like to do sth.
49 He has much money at the beginning of every month, but by the end of it he __ little left.
A. can hove B. will hove C. should hove D. must hove spent
答案: B
解析:will表示習(xí)慣的行為。
50 —I return the book within three days?
—No, you. You it for five days.
A. May;needn’t;ean borrow B. Can; mustn’t; would hove C. Must;don’t hove to;can keep D. Shall; can’t; should read
答案: C
解析:根據(jù)語境是“必須”歸還，第一空填must； must的提問時(shí)，否定式用don’t have to或needn’t。
Ⅱ.完形填空
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從51～70給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
My husband hasn’t stopped laughing about the thing that happened to me. It’s 51 now but it wasn’t at that time.
Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in town, I
When I came back with the coffee, there was someone in the 56 seat. It was one of those 57 young man, with dark glasses and tom clothes, and hair colored bright 58 at the front, not so unusual these days. What did 59 me was he’d started to eat my chocolate!
Naturally, I was annoyed (氣憤). However, to avoid trouble—then really I was rather uneasy about him—I just 60 down at the front page of the newspaper, tasted my coffee, and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me 61 . Then he took another piece of my choclate. I could hardly 62 it. Still I didn’t want to start an argument. When he took a 63 piece, I felt more 64 than annoyed. I thought, “Well, I shall have the last piece.” And I 65 it.
The boy gave me a 66 look, and then stood up. As he left he shouted out, “This woman’s mad!” Everyone 67 . That really made me feel silly, but it was 68 when I finished my coffee and got ready to leave. My face went red-as red as his hair when I 69 I’d made a mistake. It wasn’t my chocolate he’d been taking. There was mine, 70 ,just under my newspaper.
51. A. serious B. wonderful C. funny D. exciting
答案 : B
解析:從開篇句的laughing以及本句后面的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，可推斷出答案是funny.
52. A. enjoyed B. took C. had D. wanted
答案 : D
解析:從后文可知此時(shí)作者還沒有休息，可見A、B、C三項(xiàng)都不符合語境。
53. A. cake B. newspaper C. magazine D. bag
答案 : B
解析:從本段最后一句的內(nèi)容不難得知此答案。
54. A. chairs B. tables C. benches D. beds
答案 : C
解析:根據(jù)后面作定語的不定式“to sit at”，可知。
55. A. order B. find C. keep D. do
答案 : D
解析:作者把報(bào)紙和巧克力放在桌子上又離開去買別的東西，只能解釋為“占地方”。
56. A. very B. same C. free D. next
答案 : B
解析:從后面的情節(jié)可知，那位年輕人就坐在作者的旁邊。
57. A. wild-looked B. wild-looking C. good-looked D. good-looking
答案 : A
解析:從年輕人的衣著，尤其是那場誤會(huì)給作者的感受，可知用wild-looking“形象粗野的”比較合適。
58. A. red B. black C. brown D. white
答案 : B
解析:最后一段倒數(shù)第三句。
59. A. interest B. surprise C. frighten D. hurt
答案 : A
解析:后文說“他開始吃我的巧克力”，不能不使我感到驚奇了。
60. A. looked B. lay C. sat D. put
答案 : A
解析:依據(jù)at the front page of the newspaper等信息。
61. A. eagerly B. friendly C. cleselv D. shyly
答案 : C
解析:通讀全文。
62. A. believe B. bear C. notice D. stop
答案 : A
解析:很難相信現(xiàn)在眼前的情形，“我的巧克力”讓他人隨意吃。
63. A. last B. big C. single D. third
答案 : D
解析:年輕人在此之前已吃了兩塊巧克力了。
64. A. angry B. content C. happy D. pleased
答案 : A
解析:這句話的意思是“我非常生氣”。
65. A. covered B. threw C. got D. wrapped
答案 : C
解析:前一句說“I shall have the last piece”，所以就隨之拿了最后這一片。
66. A. strange B. terrible C. disappointed D. pleasant
答案 : A
解析:為什么小伙子用奇怪的眼神看著她(原來她吃的是他的巧克力!)。
67. A. agreed B. promised C. stared D. followed
答案 : C
解析:聽到小伙子的叫喊 “This woman’s mad”使周圍的人都愣愣地看著她。
68. A. better B. worse C. later D. easier
答案 : B
解析:剛才感到silly，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)吃了別人的東西時(shí)，更糟糕所以用what was worse來描繪。
69. A. wondered B. realized C. decided D. recognized
答案 : B
解析:發(fā)現(xiàn)自己弄錯(cuò)了，這是從后面的事實(shí)中“意識(shí)”到的。
70. A. tasted B. split C. tied D. unopened
答案 : D
解析:后面的under my newspaper是自己的巧克。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷；如無錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)(√)；如有錯(cuò)誤(每一行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)，則按下列情況改正：該行多一個(gè)詞:把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。
該行缺一個(gè)詞:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(＾)，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正的詞。
注意:原行沒有錯(cuò)的不要改。
My cousin and I went on trip to my uncle’s
71.
答案:trip前加a
last Sunday. We were riding along a hillside then suddenly
72.
答案: then改為when
some big stones were rolled down and knocked us off our bikes.
73.
答案: 去掉were
Mary’s legs got seriously hurt and so were mine. We
74.
答案: were改為did
couldn’t move a bit. Fortunately, I saw some farmers ahead.
75.
答案: 正確
Waving our hand, we cried for help. On hearing
76.
答案: hand改為hands
us, they run to the spot as fast as they can. Thanks to
77.
答案: can改為could
their help, we were all sent to a nearby hospital and received
78.
答案: all改為both
medical treatment in time. Although we do not know about their
79.
答案: 去掉about
names, we feel they like our dear big brothers and sisters.
80.
答案: 1ike前加are
聯(lián)系客服
