第15講 一般將來時
1、定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備某事。句中一般含有表示將來的時間狀語，如：tomorrow morning，next week，this afternoon等表示將來的時間狀語。
2、構(gòu)成：
① be gong to +動詞原形
如：I amgoing to see a Beijingopera tomorrow.
We aregoing to meet at bus stop at half past ten.
Dad andI are going to see a Beijingopera this afternoon.
② will +動詞原形
如：Theywill go swimming this afternoon.
3、be goingto 和will 區(qū)別：
① begoing to表示經(jīng)過事先安排、打算或決定要做的事情，基本上一定會發(fā)生；will則表示有可能去做，但不一定發(fā)生，也常表示說話人的臨時決定。
如：I amgoing to take part in a party this evening.
They arecleaning the library now. I’ll go and join them.
②be going to表示近期或眼下就要發(fā)生的事情；will表示的將來時間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.
③ begoing to還可以用來表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。如：Look! It’s going to rain.
4、一般將來時句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
肯定句 | 否定句 | 一般疑問句及回答 |
She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. | She isn’t going to have a picnic tomorrow. | —Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow? —Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. |
They will go swimming this afternoon. | They will not(won’t) go swimming this afternoon. | —Will they go swimming this afternoon? —Yes, they will. / No, they won’t. |
第16講 句法
1、陳述句
說明事實(shí)或陳述說話人觀點(diǎn)的句子?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋謂語＋其他
1）肯定陳述句 We all like pandas very much.
2）否定陳述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends
3）肯定陳述句改否定陳述句
①一般是在be動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not。
Mary was at school yesterday. —>Mary was not at school yesterday.
I can make a model plane. —>I cannot make a model plane.
②不含be動詞或情態(tài)動詞的，行為動詞前要用助動詞的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟動詞的原形。
He likes drawing pictures.—>Hedoesn’t like drawing pictures.
I went to the park yesterday. —>Ididn’t go to the park yesterday.
4）陳述句改一般疑問句
①有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞的，把be動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前。
Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Maryat school yesterday?
I can make a model plane. —> Can you makea model plane?
②不含be動詞或情態(tài)動詞的句子，借助助動詞開頭，動詞還原成原形。
He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he likedrawing pictures.
I went to the park yesterday. —>Did yougo to the park yesterday?
2、疑問句
用來提出問題，詢問情況的句子，末尾用問號。
1）一般疑問句：一般疑問句常用來詢問一件事是否屬實(shí)，通常以be動詞，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞開頭，用yes或no來回答，因此又叫是非疑問句，通常讀升調(diào)。
—Is Mr Green from the
—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t.
—Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t.
2）特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，要求回答具體問題，不能用yes或no來回答。—How doyou go to work every day? —I go to workby car.
3）選擇疑問句：提供兩種或兩種以上情況，讓對方選擇，往往用or連接。
—Wouldyou like some tea or coffee? —Somecoffee, please.
4）反意疑問句：反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問句組成。
—It’s afine day, isn’t it? — Yes ,it is.
3、祈使句
表示請求或命令別人做某事或不做某事。
1）用于第二人稱，通常省略you。
①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please.
②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again.
2）用于第一人稱和第三人稱，通常以let（let后跟賓格）或shall開頭。
Let mehave a look. Let’s play a gamenow. Let him go home now.
Shall wemeet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?
4、感嘆句
表達(dá)喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情，句尾常用感嘆號（!），語氣用降調(diào)。
1）what + 名詞或名詞性短語
What abig garden (it is)!
What aninteresting storybook (it is) !
Whatlovely weather (it is)!
Whatpretty girls (they are)!
2）how +形容詞或副詞＋主語＋動詞
Hownice!
Howbeautiful the flowers are!
How tallYao Ming is!
5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。
1）主語是單數(shù)，be動詞用is(was)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞用are(were)。
There issome milk in the fridge.
Thereare some peaches in the basket.
2）如果有幾個不同的人或物并列存在，be動詞根據(jù)最靠近的那個名詞而定。
There is a ruler and five knivesin the pencil case.
There are five knives and a rulerin the pencil case.
3）there be句型和have/has區(qū)別：
there be句型表示某地有某人或某物；
have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余人稱和數(shù)用have。
Thereare some English books on the desk.
I havesome English books.
第17講 聽力
人類交際中80％以上是通過口頭進(jìn)行的，而聽懂對方的話語是進(jìn)行有效交際的前提和關(guān)鍵。因此，聽力至關(guān)重要，它位于“聽說讀寫”四種能力之首。
英語聽力測試一般有以下題型：
1．聽音辨詞
2．聽錄音給圖或句子排序
3．聽問句選答句
4．聽短文或?qū)υ掃M(jìn)行選擇或判斷
5．聽錄音填空
第18講 話題
1、介紹
My name is Tom.
I’m Gao Shan.
This is David.
The man in a white coat is my father.
2、問候、告別
Hello! /Hi!
Good morning! / Good afternoon! /Good evening!
How are you? --- Fine, thank you. / Not bad, thankyou. / Not so good.
Nice to meet you. --- Nice to meet you , too.
How do you do?---How do you do?
Goodbye! / Bye! / Bye-Bye!
See you (tomorrow/later).
Good night.
3、談?wù)撊嘶蛭?/span>
What’s your name? / Your name, please?
Who is he?
What’s this in English?
How old are you?
Where are you from? / Are you from the
What’s your job?
What is she?
4、請求、勸告、建議、征求
May I come in?
Can I have a look?
Yes. / Sure.
Sorry, you can’t.
Don’t forget to close the windows.
We must go home now.
Let’s go to school.
Shall we go now?
Why don’t you buy a new one?
What about a cup of tea?
Would you like a hamburger?
What would you like?
Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like to./ Yes, I’d love to.
No, thanks.
5、道歉、感謝、贊揚(yáng)
Excuse me.
Sorry. / I’m sorry.---That’s OK/all right. / It’sdoesn’t matter.
Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much.
Not at all. / You ‘re welcome. / It’s my pleasure.
It’s pretty/ smart/nice.
How nice!
6、詢問時間、星期及日期
What’s the time? / what time is it now?---It’s twelveo’clock. It’s time to have lunch.
What day is it today?---It’s Sunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday.
What date is it today? --- It’s the 12thof July.
7、購物
Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/What wouldyou like?
---I’d like a/an/some…
Anything else?
What about the red one?
How many kilos? --- Five kilos, please.
How much is it/are they?---It’s /They’re twenty yuan.
Here’s your change.
8、打電話
Hello, may I speak to Nancy?---This is Nancyspeaking.
Is that Tom (speaking)?---Yes, this is Tomspeaking.
Who’s that(speaking)?--- It’s Liu Tao here.
Wait for a minutes. / Hold on , please.
Sorry, she isn’t in.
9、問路、指路
Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office？
How can I get to the nearest post office?
Can you show/tell me the way to the nearest postoffice?
How far is the nearest post office from here?
How many stops are there?
Go along this road and then turn right/left at thethird crossing.
The post office is on your right/left.
It’s over there. Near the Bank of
You can take bus No.8 and get off at the thirdstop.
Sorry, I don’t know. You can ask thepoliceman.
11、談?wù)撆d趣愛好
Do you have any hobbies?
What’s your hobby?
Do you like swimming?
I (don’t) like swimming.
We have the same hobby.
12、談?wù)撎鞖?/span>
What’s the weather like today?
How is the weather?
It’s sunny/rainy/cloudy/windy/warm/cool/hot/cold.
Which season do you like best?
13、詢問和表達(dá)感覺
What’s the matter? / What’s wrong with you? / Howdo you feel now?
I’m tired. / I feel ill. / I’ve got a bad cough.
I’m sorry to here that. / I hope you get bettersoon.
Take some medicine and have a lot of rest.
Here’s some medicine for you.
I can get some fruit for you
14、談?wù)摴?jié)日
When’s Christmas?---It’s on the 25th ofDecember.
What do people usually do on Christmas day?
What’s your favourite holiday?
第19講 構(gòu)詞法
英語中的三種主要構(gòu)詞法：
1、合成法：由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。
如：basket（籃子） + ball（球）＝ basketball（籃球）
post（郵寄）＋ office（辦公室）＝ post office（郵局）
pencil（鉛筆）＋ box（盒子）＝ pencil-box（文具盒）
2、派生法：由詞根加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個新詞。
如：un + usual（尋常） = unusual（不尋常）
usual（尋常） + ly =usually（尋常地）
3、轉(zhuǎn)化法：由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性。
如：water 水（名詞）―――water 澆水（動詞）
light 燈（名詞）―――light 輕的（形容詞）
book 書（名詞）―――book 預(yù)訂（動詞）
hand 手（名詞）―――hand 上交（動詞）
第20講 英美文化常識
1、人名
2、地名
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