摘要
目的：從橫斷面和前瞻性角度描述腸道微生物群特征與骨質(zhì)疏松發(fā)生的聯(lián)系。
方法：該研究是廣州營養(yǎng)與健康研究(GNHS)的一部分。橫斷面研究包含1776名參與者，其數(shù)據(jù)來自GNHS的第二次隨訪，其中517名參與者參加了第三次隨訪(平均為第二次隨訪后3.2年)，被納入隊(duì)列研究。第二次隨訪時(shí)采用16S擴(kuò)增子測序測定腸道微生物群，第二次和第三次隨訪時(shí)采用雙能x線骨密度儀檢測骨質(zhì)疏松癥。利用LDA效應(yīng)量研究了橫斷面水平上腸道微生物群與骨質(zhì)疏松癥的相關(guān)性，并利用鑒定出的微生物標(biāo)志物構(gòu)建了微生物評分，并用多元線性回歸整合了它們與骨質(zhì)疏松癥相關(guān)的主要功能模塊，然后使用logistic回歸檢驗(yàn)了微生物評分與骨質(zhì)疏松程度變化的相關(guān)性。
結(jié)果：腸道菌群β-多樣性與骨質(zhì)疏松癥有關(guān)。腰椎骨質(zhì)疏松癥與腸道微生物中的2個(gè)屬相關(guān)，股骨頸骨質(zhì)疏松癥與10個(gè)屬相關(guān)。在橫斷面研究中，微生物評分與骨質(zhì)疏松呈正相關(guān)，在隊(duì)列研究中同樣觀察到了相同方向的相關(guān)性。腰椎骨質(zhì)疏松癥患者的微生物群中含有更多與肽酶相關(guān)的基因，而股骨頸骨質(zhì)疏松癥與轉(zhuǎn)錄機(jī)制正相關(guān)。
結(jié)論：這些分析在橫斷面和縱向水平上提供了目前規(guī)模最大、最詳細(xì)的骨質(zhì)疏松癥中腸道微生物組的構(gòu)成及功能圖譜。
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原文名稱：Associations of Gut Microbiota with Osteoporosis in Elderly Chinese: A Cohort Study
原文信息：Chu-Wen Ling, Ze-Lei Miao, Hong-Wei Zhou, Yan He, Ju-Sheng Zheng, Yu-Ming Chen
Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 4, Issue Supplement_2, June 2020, Page 48
DOI：https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_048
原文鏈接：https://academic.oup.com/cdn/article/4/Supplement_2/48/5844616
原文：
Published: 29 May 2020
Abstract
Objectives
The objective was to characterize the gut microbiome in cross-sectional and prospective connection to the development of osteoporosis.
Methods
The study was embedded in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Data with 1776 participants for the cross-sectional study was from the second follow-up, 517 participants of whom during the third follow-up (a mean of 3.2 years after the second follow-up) were included in the longitudinal study. Gut microbiota was determined using 16S amplicon sequencing during the second follow-up, while the examination of osteoporosis was performed using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry during the second and third follow-up. We used LDA Effect Size to investigate the cross-sectional association of gut microbiota with osteoporosis and we constructed microbe scores with identified microbe biomarkers and integrated their main functional modules associated with osteoporosis with multiple linear regression. We then examined the association of microbe scores with change in the degree of osteoporosis using logistic regression.
Results
β-diversity of gut microbiota was associated with osteoporosis. Lumbar spine osteoporosis was associated with 2 genus, while femoral neck osteoporosis was associated with 10 genus. The microbe scores showed cross-sectional positive associations with osteoporosis and the microbe score-osteoporosis associations with same direction were showed in the longitudinal study. The microbiomes of participants with lumbar spine osteoporosis contained more genes that were related to peptidases, while femoral neck osteoporosis was positively associated with transcription machinery.
Conclusions
These analyses provide the largest and detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal composition and functional profile of the gut microbiome in osteoporosis.
Funding Sources
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Westlake University and Sun Yat-sen University.
▲ 編譯：劉穎 初審：王筱笛 審稿人：那立欣
摘要：高血壓是全世界可預(yù)防性死亡的主要原因，每年導(dǎo)致超過900萬人死亡，主要死于心血管疾病。肥胖、缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)和飲酒與血壓升高（BP）的關(guān)聯(lián)已被證實(shí)。減重或其他飲食策略，如DASH飲食，已被證明可有效降低血壓。此外，特定的營養(yǎng)素被認(rèn)為會影響血壓，鈉攝入量越高，高血壓患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越高，而鉀攝入量越高，高血壓患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越低。值得注意的是，新出現(xiàn)的證據(jù)表明，一碳代謝和相關(guān)的B族維生素（尤其是核黃素），對BP有新的作用。特別是對于有遺傳性高血壓患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的成年人，由于亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶（MTHFR）中常見的C677T多態(tài)性，隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)顯示補(bǔ)充核黃素（MTHFR的輔助因子）可使收縮壓降低高達(dá)13 mmHg。鑒于收縮壓降低10mmHg可能降低40%的卒中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此這種程度干預(yù)的血壓反應(yīng)可能產(chǎn)生重要的臨床影響。這篇綜述旨在探討全生命周期中引發(fā)高血壓的危險(xiǎn)因素，并嚴(yán)格評估營養(yǎng)（尤其是葉酸相關(guān)的B族維生素）對BP和引發(fā)高血壓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的作用的支持性證據(jù)。此外，還將明確對于該領(lǐng)域的未來研究來說，現(xiàn)有知識體系中存在的空白之處。
關(guān)鍵詞：高血壓，妊娠期高血壓，一碳代謝，葉酸相關(guān)的B族維生素
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原文名稱：Critical review of nutrition, blood pressure and risk of hypertension through the lifecycle: do B vitamins play a role?
原文信息：Biochimie June 2020
DOI：10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.016
原文：
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide, contributing to over 9 million deaths per annum, predominantly owing to cardiovascular disease. The association of obesity, physical inactivity and alcohol with elevated blood pressure (BP) is firmly established. Weight loss or other dietary strategies, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, have been shown to be effective in lowering BP. Additionally, specific nutrients are recognised to contribute to BP, with higher sodium intake linked with an increased risk of hypertension, while potassium is associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. Of note, emerging evidence has identified a novel role for one-carbon metabolism and the related B vitamins, particularly riboflavin, in BP. Specifically in adults genetically at risk of developing hypertension, owing to the common C677T polymorphism in MTHFR, supplemental riboflavin (co-factor for MTHFR) was shown in randomised trials to lower systolic BP by up to 13 mmHg. A BP response to intervention of this magnitude could have important clinical impacts, given that a reduction in systolic BP of 10 mmHg is estimated to decrease stroke risk by 40%. This review aims to explore the factors contributing to hypertension across the lifecycle and to critically evaluate the evidence supporting a role for nutrition, particularly folate-related B vitamins, in BP and risk of hypertension. In addition, gaps in our current knowledge that warrant future research in this area, will be identified.
Keywords: Blood pressureHypertensionHypertension in pregnancyOne-carbon metabolismFolate-related B vitamins
▲ 編譯：賈靜怡 初審：姚歆遠(yuǎn) 審稿人：蔣燕
摘要
背景：抗阻運(yùn)動(dòng)恢復(fù)過程中，蛋白質(zhì)攝入會增加骨骼肌蛋白質(zhì)的合成速率。
目的：本研究的目的是觀察聯(lián)合使用不同劑量的膳食蛋白質(zhì)與碳水化合物對抗阻運(yùn)動(dòng)恢復(fù)期全身蛋白質(zhì)代謝以及骨骼肌肌原纖維蛋白質(zhì)合成（MyoPS）和線粒體蛋白質(zhì)合成（MitoPS）速率的影響。
方法：本項(xiàng)目為隨機(jī)、雙盲、平行分組研究，48名年輕、健康、經(jīng)過耐力訓(xùn)練的男性（平均年齡27±1歲）在抗阻運(yùn)動(dòng)后，注射預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備的L-[ring-2H5]-苯丙氨酸、L -[ring-3,5-2H2]-酪氨酸和L-[1-13C]-亮氨酸，并分別攝入45g碳水化合物和含有被L-[1-13C]-苯丙氨酸、L-[1-13C]-亮氨酸標(biāo)記的0 g（0 g PRO）、15 g（15 g PRO）、30 g（30 g PRO）或45 g（45 g PRO）牛奶蛋白。運(yùn)動(dòng)后恢復(fù)期的360分鐘內(nèi)收集血液和肌肉活檢樣本，以評估全身蛋白質(zhì)代謝以及MyoPS、MitoPS速率。
結(jié)果：蛋白質(zhì)攝入后約70％～74％的膳食蛋白質(zhì)衍生的苯丙氨酸出現(xiàn)在循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中。分別攝入0、15、30或45 g蛋白質(zhì)后，全身凈蛋白質(zhì)平衡呈劑量依賴性增加（苯丙氨酸平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤分別為?0.31±0.16、5.08±0.21、10.04±0.30和13.49±0.55μmol·kg?1·h?1，P<0.001）。與0 g PRO組相比，30 g PRO刺激MyoPS速率（％/h）增加約46％，足以在耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)后達(dá)到MyoPS速率最大化。蛋白質(zhì)攝入后，MitoPS速率沒有增加；然而，攝入15、30和45 g蛋白后，膳食蛋白質(zhì)來源的L-[1-13C]-苯丙氨酸與線粒體蛋白的結(jié)合在運(yùn)動(dòng)后360分鐘呈劑量依賴性增加（摩爾百分比分別增加0.018±0.002、0.034±0.002、0.046±0.003，P<0.001）。
結(jié)論：抗阻運(yùn)動(dòng)后攝入的蛋白質(zhì)被有效消化吸收至循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。全身凈蛋白質(zhì)平衡和膳食蛋白質(zhì)衍生氨基酸與線粒體蛋白結(jié)合隨蛋白質(zhì)攝入的增加而增加，呈劑量依賴性。攝入30g蛋白質(zhì)足以使單次耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)恢復(fù)期間的MyoPS速率最大化。
該試驗(yàn)在Trialregister.nl中注冊為NTR5111。
關(guān)鍵詞：肌原纖維蛋白合成，線粒體蛋白合成，骨骼肌，劑量反應(yīng)，膳食蛋白，碳水化合物，抗阻運(yùn)動(dòng)，年輕男性
主題：有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，線粒體，氨基酸，碳水化合物，膳食蛋白質(zhì)，GTP，結(jié)合蛋白，亮氨酸，牛奶蛋白，線粒體蛋白質(zhì)，骨骼肌，苯丙氨酸，蛋白質(zhì)生物合成，攝取，蛋白質(zhì)代謝。
發(fā)表欄目：原創(chuàng)研究交流。
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原文名稱：Dose-response effects of dietary protein on muscle protein synthesis during recovery from endurance exercise in young men: a double-blind randomized trial
原文信息：ajcn，August 2020
DOI：10.1093/ajcn/nqaa073
原文鏈接：https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/112/2/303/5828186
原文：
Background
Protein ingestion increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from endurance exercise.
Objectives
We aimed to determine the effect of graded doses of dietary protein co-ingested with carbohydrate on whole-body protein metabolism, and skeletal muscle myofibrillar (MyoPS) and mitochondrial (MitoPS) protein synthesis rates during recovery from endurance exercise.
Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 48 healthy, young, endurance-trained men (mean ± SEM age: 27 ± 1 y) received a primed continuous infusion of L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine, L-[ring-3,5-2H2]-tyrosine, and L-[1-13C]-leucine and ingested 45 g carbohydrate with either 0 (0 g PRO), 15 (15 g PRO), 30 (30 g PRO), or 45 (45 g PRO) g intrinsically L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]-leucine labeled milk protein after endurance exercise. Blood and muscle biopsy samples were collected over 360 min of postexercise recovery to assess whole-body protein metabolism and both MyoPS and MitoPS rates.
Results
Protein intake resulted in ～70%–74% of the ingested protein-derived phenylalanine appearing in the circulation. Whole-body net protein balance increased dose-dependently after ingestion of 0, 15, 30, or 45 g protein (mean ± SEM: ?0.31± 0.16, 5.08 ± 0.21, 10.04 ± 0.30, and 13.49 ± 0.55 μmol phenylalanine · kg?1 · h?1, respectively; P < 0.001). 30 g PRO stimulated a ～46% increase in MyoPS rates (%/h) compared with 0 g PRO and was sufficient to maximize MyoPS rates after endurance exercise. MitoPS rates were not increased after protein ingestion; however, incorporation of dietary protein–derived L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine into de novo mitochondrial protein increased dose-dependently after ingestion of 15, 30, and 45 g protein at 360 min postexercise (0.018 ± 0.002, 0.034 ± 0.002, and 0.046 ± 0.003 mole percentage excess, respectively; P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Protein ingested after endurance exercise is efficiently digested and absorbed into the circulation. Whole-body net protein balance and dietary protein–derived amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial protein respond to increasing protein intake in a dose-dependent manner. Ingestion of 30 g protein is sufficient to maximize MyoPS rates during recovery from a single bout of endurance exercise.
This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR5111.
Keywords
myofibrillar protein synthesis, mitochondrial protein synthesis, skeletal muscle, dose-response, dietary protein, carbohydrate, endurance exercise, young men
Topic: aerobic exercise，mitochondria，amino acids，carbohydrates，dietary proteins，gtp，binding proteins，leucine，milk proteins，mitochondrial proteins，skeletal muscles，phenylalanine，protein biosynthesis，ingestion，protein metabolism，Issue Section: Original Research Communications
▲ 編譯：魏佳妤 初審：徐敏潔 審稿人：杜鵬
專家顧問：王曉黎 總策劃：張亞捷
專欄主編:張飛 選題組長:譚凱元 編譯組長:李曉宇
排版：子月
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