中考英語閱讀一定要針對的去練習(xí)，選擇類閱讀一分不丟，而對于任務(wù)型閱讀則要多多去練習(xí)和總結(jié)，在后面的文章中，我會專門開一個(gè)專題講下中考英語任務(wù)型閱讀。小初高英語課本單詞錄音、速記、闖關(guān)、時(shí)文、美文、同步課時(shí)精講精練，盡在奇速英語官網(wǎng)www.qisuen.cn，關(guān)鍵還免費(fèi)！
中考英語閱讀理解題型詳析及真題演練——下面內(nèi)容最好打印出來使用
一、關(guān)于中考英語閱讀理解相關(guān)內(nèi)容的認(rèn)識
1、中考英語閱讀理解考的是什么？閱讀理解能力
2、閱讀理解能力指什么？視讀能力、理解能力和對所讀材料的評價(jià)能力綜合起來就是閱讀能力。
3、中考閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求：
（1）讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。
（2）既理解具體的事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念。
（3）既理解字面的意思，也理解深層次的含義，包括作者的態(tài)度，意圖等。 （4）既理解某句，某段的含義，也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。
（5）既能根據(jù)所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識去理解。
4、閱讀能力考查在中考試卷中的體現(xiàn)：
（1）以閱讀理解題為主；
（2）四篇材料的題材、體裁
二、中考閱讀理解題型概述：從問題設(shè)置上可以將中考閱讀理解題總結(jié)為四種類型
三、中考英語閱讀理解題題型分析及實(shí)例講練
1、直接型(查找事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)<單個(gè)或多個(gè)>)：這類題目主要包括事實(shí)識別、有關(guān)計(jì)算、識圖、排列順序等。一般地，這類題目可以直接從短文中找到可用的信息。這些問題一般都涉及到文章的“5W”，即 who(人物)，when(時(shí)間)，where(地點(diǎn))， what(事件)，why(原因)，how(方式)等。題目設(shè)計(jì)大多直截了當(dāng)。只要通讀全文，注意文中所述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以做出正確解答。以圖表材料命制的題目更是如此。在表現(xiàn)形式上常采用下列句式：
According to the passage, who/when/where/what /why/how…?
Which of the following statements is (NOT) TRUE?
According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT____..…because____.
例1：……In the past, there were forests all around Lake Ponkapog, so the rainwater was clean. ……
問題：In the past Lake Ponkapog was surrounded by ________.
A. fish B. rain C. birds D. forests
【分析】題目所要問的是“Lake Ponkapog四周過去被什么東西所環(huán)繞？” 而閱讀材料中已用There be句型表達(dá)出了這層意思，句式不同，卻有異曲同工之妙。選D
例2：……He/She should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant. ……
◆The ad (廣告) tells us that ____________________.
A. the assistant must be a man. B. the assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. Pucci Pizza has branches all overChina. D. Pucci Pizza is not in Taichung.
【分析】本小題選項(xiàng)B的意思是“要招聘的這個(gè)人必須曾在飯館工作過”。即要具有一定的從事餐飲業(yè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這與原文中敘述的事實(shí)“More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.”相比較，形式上雖不大一樣，但其內(nèi)涵卻完全相同。如果考生準(zhǔn)確地理解了短文中的這句話，問題即可迎刃而解。
2、理解型(理解詞句或句子含義)：結(jié)合具體的語境，正確理解單詞、詞組或句子在閱讀材料中的確切含義，是閱讀理解能力的一個(gè)重要方面。有些詞句，雖然未曾學(xué)過，但可通過上下文語境推測其含義，有些詞雖然不是生詞，但在具體的語言環(huán)境中已被賦予了特定的、新的含義。解答這類題目時(shí)需要對有關(guān)的上下文，甚至整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解才能做出正確答案。在表現(xiàn)形式上常采用下列句式：
The underlined word/sentence “…” means______.
What does the underlined word /sentence “…” mean?
例如：…… Now there are many houses around the lake. People often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects (昆蟲). There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops. ……
◆“Chemicals” in the story means ______. A.化學(xué)家B.污染品C.藥品D.化學(xué)制品
【分析】單從“People often use chemicals in their gardens.”這句話是不大容易猜測出該詞的意思的。然而這個(gè)詞在這個(gè)段落中接連出現(xiàn)了三次。第一次是說人們常在花園里使用它，第二次人們在清理房間或殺死昆蟲時(shí)在屋子里使用它，第三次是說商人們還將其用于機(jī)器或在車間中使用。由此，A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)明顯是錯(cuò)誤的。C項(xiàng)具有較大的迷惑性，不過根據(jù)“Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.”可知它是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
拓展：猜測詞義幾種常用方法：
（下面的猜測方法比較適合成績較好的初中生和高中生研讀）
1）構(gòu)詞知識法：Tom disagreed with the captain about this. 前綴dis-表示否定，據(jù)此disagree 意為“不同意”。
2）定義法：
例1：A century is a hundred years. a hundred years 解釋了century的意思是“百年”或“世紀(jì)”。
例2：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短語). One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag.”
◆John “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag
在這篇文章里，“l(fā)et the cat out of the bag”雖然是一個(gè)新出現(xiàn)的短語，但緊接著后面就給出解釋It is the same as “to tell a secret”根據(jù)這一解釋，我們就可判斷出正確答案應(yīng)為A。
3)同位法：
例1：Bananas, oranges, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. coconuts 是生詞，我們可以從這個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它的大致意思。不難看出coconuts和bananas及oranges 是同位關(guān)系，同屬fruit 一類，因此它是一種水果。
例2：There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island inNew Zealand.
◆What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? A. 自來水 B. 大氣 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽
從語法上看，steam和hot water是并列關(guān)系，我們就以斷定這兩種東西是相關(guān)的，是同一類物質(zhì)。在所給第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“蒸汽”有這種可能。
4）因果關(guān)系法:The little girl was the only grandchild in the family. She was the apple of her grandparent’s eye. 可以得知這個(gè)女孩是家中唯一的孫女，因而是祖父母的“掌上明珠”。
5）同義或反義法:He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. 句中but提示我們deteriorated 多半是get better的反義，因此可以大致確定它的意思是“惡化”。
6）上下文信息法:
例1：Make hay while the sun shines. The market is good now, don’t miss the chance.
◆In the passage, “Make hay while the sun shines” means in Chinese.
Make hay while the sun shines的字面意思是“趁天氣好趕快曬草”，通過下文所給的信息，現(xiàn)在的銷路好，不要錯(cuò)過機(jī)會，可以得知它比喻的是“抓住時(shí)機(jī)”。
例2：As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
◆In the text, “put an end to” means “______”. A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly
根據(jù)文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他們肯定會去制止。因?yàn)橹浦勾蚣芏窔蔷斓穆氊?zé)。根據(jù)這一推理，答案應(yīng)該是A。
例3：The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”
◆An ornithologist is probably a person who ______.
A. studies birds B. loves creatures C. majors in habits D. takes care of trees
Ornithologist 這個(gè)詞從來沒有見到過，但是通過他的語言我們可以判斷出這是一個(gè)對鳥很有研究的人。我很愛鳥，把鳥裝在籠子里，并細(xì)心照料，而且鳥的母親也飛過來喂這只鳥，但這只鳥卻死了，我很不理解。到我家來的這個(gè)人給我詳細(xì)解釋了鳥死的原因，說明這個(gè)人非常懂鳥。據(jù)此，我們可以斷定答案應(yīng)是A。
3、推理型(邏輯推理、數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算)：這類題目的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的，必須抓住文中相關(guān)信息，順藤摸瓜，進(jìn)行有理有據(jù)的分析、歸納和推理，才能找出答案。有時(shí)需要透徹理解作者的雙關(guān)語和弦外之音等。在表現(xiàn)形式上常采用下列句式：
We can infer/learn/conclude from the passage that ______.
The story suggests that ______.
What is the reason of……?
What is the real meaning of ……’s words?
According to the passage, we know that______.
From the story we can see/learn/say______.
The writer tells us______.
It can be seen from the passage that______.
(a) 根據(jù)常識推斷
很多短文所設(shè)計(jì)的題目往往與其它方面的常識相關(guān)聯(lián)，有時(shí)需結(jié)合或根據(jù)已有的常識做出判斷。比如解答科學(xué)小品文的題目可能要用到物理或化學(xué)方面的知識，解答跟自然科學(xué)有關(guān)的題目可能要用到地理、生物方面的知識等?？窟@些知識的幫助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加準(zhǔn)確地理解短文。例如：
……One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about half past eleven, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some. ……
◆One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to have___.
A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. a party
【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴請客人吃飯，所以D項(xiàng)(聚會)不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，卻未明確指出到底請客人吃哪一頓飯。英語中對“dinner”一詞的解釋是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 這樣可以將A項(xiàng)排除。至于是B還是C，仍然不能確定。再看下文中的“When it was about half past eleven…”，顯然，快十一點(diǎn)半點(diǎn)了，主人尚未準(zhǔn)備就緒。根據(jù)生活常識，這里的無疑是上午11:30，再結(jié)合“一日三餐”這一常識，他們請客人吃的只能是午飯，所以可以推斷出正確答案是B。
(b) 根據(jù)計(jì)算判斷
有些題目需根據(jù)短文的意思進(jìn)行數(shù)字運(yùn)算。中考的“閱讀理解”中的數(shù)據(jù)推算并不要求高深的數(shù)學(xué)知識。在有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)推算的試題中，根據(jù)短文所提供的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行必要的運(yùn)算時(shí)，所涉及的數(shù)學(xué)知識一般都比較簡單，關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確理解原文的含義。例如：
……In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now. ……
◆If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2016, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About ____.
A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000
【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，會說英語的北京居民的比例將會由現(xiàn)在的15%提升到30%。試卷所提的問題是：如果到2008年北京的人口達(dá)到15,000,000，會說英語的人將會有多少？盡管短文中沒有提到這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)，但根據(jù)題意不難推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000所以答案為B。
(c) 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷
根據(jù)短文中的基本事實(shí)、故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系(如時(shí)間、因果、條件、比較、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步等，)進(jìn)行深層的理解，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行題目的理解。在邏輯判斷題中，這部分題目是比較難做的。
例1：……We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (數(shù)據(jù)處理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.
More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However……
◆Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.
C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.
【分析】顯然，本文采用了對比的方式來表達(dá)自己對電腦的看法。前面描寫了計(jì)算機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但作者用however一詞預(yù)示自己將引出相反的觀點(diǎn)，故答案為D。
例2：……Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news…….
◆According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play football with your friends after school. B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught. D. The bike in front of your house is lost.
根據(jù)這段文字，我們可以推斷：電視報(bào)道的新聞故事必須是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正確答案應(yīng)為C。
4、概括型(歸納主旨大意)：要求考生在閱讀和理解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上對文章做出歸納、概括或評價(jià)。解這種題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(main idea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常識、專業(yè)知識進(jìn)行邏輯思維推理判斷，有的時(shí)候還要求對作者寫作的意圖、觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行剖析，甚至推測作者的語氣、態(tài)度等。在表現(xiàn)形式上常采用下列句式：
This passage is about__________.
The main idea of this passage is ___________.
The best title (標(biāo)題) of the passage can be ____________.
The passage is probably taken from a__________.
例如：Have you ever heard your own voice?“Of course,”you say.
Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say,“Of course.”
But that’s not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves (聲波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones (骨頭) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的) ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That’s why they don’t hear your voice the way you do.
◆The passage is mainly about _________.
A. waves in the air B. the way you hear your own voice
C. voice gets around far and wide D. the different ways you and others hear your voice
【分析】這篇閱讀材料所講的是我們每個(gè)人都熟悉的事。
通讀全文，我們知道短文的大意是：別人聽到我們聲音的方式與我們自己聽到的方式是不同的。周圍的空氣將我們說話時(shí)發(fā)出的聲波傳送到外耳。由于聲音是從頭的內(nèi)部發(fā)出來的，我們自己的頭骨也受到聲波的振動，并直接將聲波傳送到內(nèi)耳里。這也就是說，我們自己是從外部和內(nèi)部兩處同時(shí)聽到聲音的。而別人則不然，他們只是從外部接收到我們發(fā)出的聲波。根據(jù)短文提供的以上信息，不難看出，這篇短文的主旨是“自己和別人聽到自己聲音的方式是不同的”。所以答案為D。
四、中考英語閱讀理解答題技巧及步驟。
1、跳讀（略讀、有選擇地讀）：讀標(biāo)題、插圖、主題句、題干等，把握文章的體裁、題材、話題等。
2、掃讀（快速地、完全地閱讀）：對文章信息精確定位，鎖定重要信息，如把握大意、段意，弄清人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字等之間的關(guān)系。
3、選讀：（對準(zhǔn)題目、有選擇性地細(xì)讀）確定中心思想及標(biāo)題；了解用以闡述中心思想的事實(shí)及細(xì)節(jié)；對作者的暗示或隱含思想進(jìn)行判斷、推理、引申；根據(jù)上下文推測詞義。
★加快閱讀速度技巧：擴(kuò)大視距。要以意群為單位，注重對整句話的理解，擴(kuò)大注視空間。帶問題閱讀：先瀏覽短文后面的題目，做到心中有數(shù)，帶著目的去閱讀，以提高閱讀實(shí)效。
奇速英語思維導(dǎo)圖速記初中1600詞
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