現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
一.意義——當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。 二.構(gòu)成: be (am, is ,are ) 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式
肯定句:主語(yǔ) be 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing ( 其他) I’m doing my homework now . 否定句:主語(yǔ) be not 動(dòng)詞-ing 其他. I’m not doing my homework now. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Be 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞-ing 其他?
Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I’m not . 特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞 be 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞-ing 其他? What are you doing now ? 三.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:
(1)一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing,
(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉e,再加ing,
如 skate→skating make→making dance→ dancing write→ writing have→ having ride→ riding come→ coming
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,中間只有一個(gè)元音字母,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting 四. 時(shí)間標(biāo)志——now,句前的look ,listen
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一.意義:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情,動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 二.構(gòu)成及變化 1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。
肯定句:主語(yǔ) be(am,is,are) 其它。如: I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。 否定句:主語(yǔ) be not 其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問(wèn)句:Be 主語(yǔ) 其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞 一般疑問(wèn)句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
l 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一,二人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),助動(dòng)詞為do
肯定句:主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如: We often play basketball after school. 否定句:主語(yǔ) don't 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如:we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Do 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形 其它?
如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞 以do開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句? 如: What do you often do after school ?
l 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí), 助動(dòng)詞為does
肯定句:主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞三單式( 其它)。如: He swims well.
否定句:主語(yǔ) doesn’t 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如:He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Does 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形 其它。
如:Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞 以does開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句? 如: How does your father go to work?
三.第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)的肯定句中,動(dòng)詞才用三單式)(1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays
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climbs…….
(2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母, 結(jié)尾加es : watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes
(3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es: study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries
但在y前如果為元音則直接加s: buys says
四.時(shí)間標(biāo)志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,every…
一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一.意義:表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài). 常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間有:
yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…) last night (week, month, year…),
a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago… just now, 二.構(gòu)成及變化
1.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化: am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t) are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)
帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 2.行為動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化
肯定句 : 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式. I watched a film last Sunday .
否定句 :主語(yǔ) didn’t 動(dòng)詞原形. I didn’t watch a film last Sunday . 一般疑問(wèn)句:Did 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形?
Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn’t .
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞 以did開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句? What did you do last Sunday ? 三.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則: 1. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
(1)一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加–ed helped,looked , played, worked , listened…… (2)結(jié)尾是輔音字母+不發(fā)音的e,加– d
lived hoped use---used like --- liked tasted loved closed
(3)雙寫(xiě)末尾的字母,再加—ed stop---stopped plan---planned (4)結(jié)尾是輔音字母 y ,先變―y‖為―i‖,再加—ed
study---studied carry ---carried cry --- cried try---tried 2. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的讀音規(guī)則
(1)在輕輔音后加ed讀輕輔音/t/ asked cooked worked looked talked picked watched passed jumped helped surfed (2)在濁輔音及元音后加ed讀濁輔音/d/ lived listened closed opened stayed watered played
(3)在/t/ /d/之后讀/id/ started wanted needed tasted collected
3. 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, go-went,
see-saw, say-said, give-gave, swim-swam, sit-sat
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get-got,
come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang,
put-put, read-read, make-made, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank,
fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, find-found tell-told
stand-stood think-thought buy-bought teach-taught
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一.意義: 表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?;蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening…… 二.構(gòu)成及變化
一般將來(lái)時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)
be going to 動(dòng)詞原形 :表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。 shall/will 動(dòng)詞原形 :表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,沒(méi)有太多的計(jì)劃性,還用來(lái)表示意愿
1. be going to 動(dòng)詞原形
1.肯定句 主語(yǔ) be(am /,is,/ are) going to 動(dòng)詞原形 其它成份
My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 2.否定句 主語(yǔ) be(am / is / are)not going to 動(dòng)詞原形 其它成份
I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看電影。 3.一般疑問(wèn)句 Be (am / is / are) 主語(yǔ) going to 動(dòng)詞原型 其它成份…?
Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn’t.你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?不。
4.特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-) 一般疑問(wèn)句 ?
Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?春節(jié)你打算在哪過(guò)?
5.注意: be going to結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟 go, come等表位移的動(dòng)詞,一般用該動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示。如: He’s going to New York next week.下周他要去紐約. 2. will /shall 動(dòng)詞原形
(在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),常用shall ,在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱(chēng)都可以用will)
1.肯定句 主語(yǔ) will/shall 動(dòng)詞原形 其它成份
I (shall) write to him next week.下周我將給他寫(xiě)信。 2.否定句 主語(yǔ) will /shall not 動(dòng)詞原形 其它成份
They won’t watch TV this evening.今天晚上他們不看電視。 3.一般疑問(wèn)句 will/shall 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形 其它成份
Will you stay at home with us tomorrow? 明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎? 4.特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-) 一般疑問(wèn)句
When will your father be back?你爸爸什么時(shí)侯回來(lái)?
附 : Shall I /we …常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn),而問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意,或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng),常用Will you…?他們的回答比較靈活。
1.Shall we go to the park ? 肯定Sure , let’s go . 否定 No , let’s go to the cinema.
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