語 法 填 空 題
（2015全國一卷）
第二節(jié) (共10小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面材料, 用不多于1個(gè)單詞的正確形式填空。
Yangshuo,China
It was raining lightly when I 61.__________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62.__________, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.__________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.__________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.__________(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66.__________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 67.__________(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68.__________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.__________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.__________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
61. arrived 62. before/earlier 63. its 64. that/which 65. paintings
66. by 67. is 68. conducted 69. regularly 70. living
（2015全國二卷）
第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The adobe dwellings(土坯房）__61__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __62__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63___(able) to “air condition” a house without __64__（use）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat__65___（slow）during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66_ (cool) the house during the hot day: _67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __68 __ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
二、語法填空
61. built 參考解析：過去分詞做定語
62. the
參考解析：最高級(jí)前加the
63. ability
參考解析：their后接名詞，able名詞形式ability.
64. using
參考解析：介詞后接動(dòng)名詞
65. slowly
參考解析：副詞修飾動(dòng)詞give out.
66. to cool
參考解析：形容詞加enough后接不定式。
67. at
參考解析：at the same time
68. goes
參考解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
69. natural
參考解析：形容詞做定語修飾名詞。
70. how
參考解析：根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用how連接賓語從句。
1. 2014年新課標(biāo)卷I
第三部分 英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié) 滿分55）
第二節(jié) (共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(用不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞的正確形式。
Are you facing a situation that looking impossible to fix?
In 1969, the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61(be)unimaginable that it could be ever be cleaned up. The rive was so polluted that it ______62(actual) caught fire and burned. Now year late, this rive is one of_______63most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But river wasn’t changed in a few days_____64even a few months. It took years of work _______65(reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is______66(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _____67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately.
While there are_______68(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _______69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be_______70(patience)
[語篇解讀] 本文以花費(fèi)多年時(shí)間解決河流污染為例來告誡我們：當(dāng)我們面臨貌似不可能改善的情況時(shí)，一定要有耐心，變化是循序漸進(jìn)的，是需要付出很多努力的?！疚恼麓笠狻勘疚氖且黄h論文。文中論述了當(dāng)人們遇到看起來不可能做的事情時(shí)應(yīng)該怎樣做呢？
61．was考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)很難想象這條河能夠被清理干凈。上一句提到In 1969，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。61．was 根據(jù)上文提到的事是1969年的事情，所以這里應(yīng)該用過去式。
62．actually考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。該空修飾動(dòng)詞caught和burned，所以要用副詞形式actually，意為“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”。62．actually 這里應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾動(dòng)詞caught，actual“實(shí)際上”，是形容詞；actually“實(shí)際上”是副詞。
63．the考查冠詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，多年之后，這條河流成為了環(huán)境清理最杰出的例子之一。該空后面是最高級(jí)，所以應(yīng)填定冠詞the。63．the 這里one of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，表示……之一；the most outstanding是最高級(jí)，來修飾examples;形容詞的最高級(jí)與定冠詞連用。
64．or考查連詞。句意：但是這條河流不是在幾天或者甚至幾個(gè)月內(nèi)被改變的。因?yàn)楸揪涫欠穸ň洌瑧?yīng)填連詞or。64．or 河流在幾天活甚至在幾個(gè)月之后沒有多大的改善。這里是兩個(gè)時(shí)間短語表示選擇關(guān)系，故用or.
65．to reduce考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：花費(fèi)了多年的工作來減少工業(yè)污染和凈化河水。It take/took(sb.)some time to do sth．做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長時(shí)間，為固定句式，故填動(dòng)詞不定式to reduce。65．to reduce 減少工業(yè)污染和變成干凈的水需要幾年的工作時(shí)間。這里是句式：It takes…some time…to do sth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間，故這里應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式。
66．cleaner考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：最后，辛苦的工作得到了回報(bào)，現(xiàn)在河水比以前的干凈多了。根據(jù)句中比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞than可知，該空應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，故填cleaner。66．cleaner 現(xiàn)在河里的水比以前更清了。根據(jù)后面的比較連詞than可知這里應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)。
67．That/which考查定語從句。句意：可能你有一種讓你家人發(fā)瘋的習(xí)慣。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該空應(yīng)是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是a habit，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。67．That/which 也許你有一個(gè)能使你的家人發(fā)瘋的習(xí)慣。這里habit是先行詞，which或that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，并且在從句中做主語，不能省略，故用that/which.
68．amazing考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。雖然有一些令人吃驚的快速改觀的故事，但是對(duì)我們大部分人來說，變化是循序漸進(jìn)的，并且也是需要很多努力和工作的。設(shè)空處修飾表示“事物”的名詞stories，應(yīng)該用形容詞形式．amazing(令人吃驚的)。不能用amazed(感到吃驚的)。68．amazing 這里空格處應(yīng)該用形容詞來修飾后面的名詞，amazing指令人吃驚的；amazed指人感到吃驚的。這里不是用來修飾人的，故用amazing.
69．changes考查名詞。定冠詞the后面應(yīng)該填名詞，根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞are和require可知應(yīng)是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填changes。69．changes 對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來說，變化是逐漸的，需要很多努力和工作。因?yàn)檫@里缺少的是句子的主語，根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞are可知主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)，故用changes.
70．patient考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：要有耐心。此處be動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)是形容詞作表語，故填patient(耐心的)。70．patient 需要的是耐心。patience“耐心”是名詞；因?yàn)榭崭袂坝邢祫?dòng)詞be,所以這里應(yīng)該用形容詞patient作be的表語。
2. 2014年全國卷II
第三部分 英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用
第二節(jié) （共10分；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __61___ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___62____ some of them looked very anxious and ___63__(disappoint).When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____64___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ____65___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____66___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____67___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____68___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh, dear! It’s ____69___ (I).”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ___70__(sudden) became friendly to one another.
第二節(jié) [語篇解讀]本文為記敘文，題材是人物故事類。講述了一位不知名的少年騎車追還失主手提箱的故事。
41．being 介詞后用動(dòng)名詞做賓語【解析】worry about doing,考查介詞后接doing動(dòng)名詞形式；
42．and and連接兩個(gè)句子，表示順承關(guān)系?！窘馕觥亢苊黠@，兩句之間需連詞相連接，通過前后句意關(guān)系，many people waiting和looked very anxious判斷，屬并列關(guān)系。
43．disappointed 表示人的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)，應(yīng)使用-ed分詞演變來的形容詞，這里指他們看起來既焦慮又失望?！窘馕觥?/span>look為感官半系動(dòng)詞，連接形容詞，表人狀態(tài)，故用-ed形式；
44．to 【解析】考查next to介詞短語搭配，意為“挨著，靠近”,比較簡單，整體充當(dāng)a place的后置定語；
45．caught 全文是敘述一件往事，以一般過去時(shí)為主，故這里應(yīng)使用catch的過去式。【解析】此空首先考慮確實(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞形式，結(jié)合全文，表示瞬間動(dòng)作，吸引了我的注意力，所以填一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，中等難度。
46．to stop 表示“拒絕做某事”時(shí)，refuse后接不定式做賓語。【解析】考查refuse動(dòng)詞的搭配，refuse to do,難度簡單；
47．riding 表示“繼續(xù)(不間斷地)做某事”時(shí)，要用keep doing sth.，相當(dāng)于continue doing sth.。【解析】考查keep doing,強(qiáng)調(diào)一直持續(xù)在做，難度簡單；
48．Did 句尾的問號(hào)提示該句尾疑問句，“丟失”是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)使用助動(dòng)詞did. 【解析】通過asked，表明詢問，結(jié)合語境中last stop，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，請(qǐng)注意大寫；
49．me/mine 該句既可以用賓格me表示“是我(丟了手提箱)”，也可以用名詞性物主代詞mine表示“那是我的手提箱”。【解析】此空答案可理解為兩種回答方式，一是我丟了，回答It’s me.二是回答是我的suitcase,所以可回答It’s mine.所以按照不同理解可有以上兩種答案，但是都非常簡單；
50．suddenly 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。【解析】用來修飾became,所以使用副詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，簡單；
這是一篇200字左右的記敘文，難度不大，高一的學(xué)生就可以做出來。
做題思路：
1. 先通覽全文，了解有關(guān)信息。
2. 觀察文章的體裁。
3. 注意文章的時(shí)態(tài)。
4. 重點(diǎn)注意所給詞。
第61題。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。about是介詞，后面的動(dòng)詞要用名詞形式，所以應(yīng)該用being。
第62題。此題考查連詞。連接上一句和本句，而這兩個(gè)分句只起承上啟下的作用，沒有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步等含義，故用and連接。
第63題。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，或者理解為詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。與and前面并列的anxious是形容詞，所以應(yīng)該用形容詞（過分化的形容詞）。即：disappointed。
第64題。此題考查介詞短語搭配。與next搭配的介詞是to，next to意思為：貼近；緊挨著。
第65題。此題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全文是以one morning為主線，所以應(yīng)該用一般過去式，catch為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式為caught。
第66題。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞refuse的賓語如果是動(dòng)詞，必須得用不定式。即：to stop。
第67題。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。keep后面只能跟ing形式作賓語，所以應(yīng)該用riding。這是以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞，要去e再加ing。
第68題。此題考查助動(dòng)詞。由于at the last stop的提示，所以應(yīng)該用一般疑問句對(duì)行為動(dòng)詞提問的助動(dòng)詞Did。
第69題。此題考查人稱代詞或者名詞性的物主代詞。由前面的問句里的anyone一詞得知。回答用me或者mine。表示是我，或者是我的（箱子）。
第70題?？疾楦痹~。修飾動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)該為副詞。所以用suddenly。副詞還可以修飾形容詞、副詞以及整個(gè)句子。
備考建議：1. 考生學(xué)習(xí)詞匯應(yīng)該知道其詞性。
2. 考生對(duì)句子的成分要作充分的理解。
3. 重點(diǎn)記憶名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞。
4. 對(duì)常見的非謂語動(dòng)詞搭配要熟悉。
5. 掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法。
6. 對(duì)詞性變化規(guī)則要有所了解。
7. 常用短語搭配也要記住。
3. 2014年廣東卷
第二節(jié) 語法填空（共10題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為16—25的相應(yīng)位置上。
Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 16 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_____(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19_____ for the week after. I didn’t understand 20____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21______ the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_____(surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_____ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24____ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_____(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
第二節(jié) 語法填空
【文章大意】本文為記敘文。作者為我們講述了一家人去邁阿密旅游時(shí)的一次經(jīng)歷。[語篇解讀] 本文為記敘文，題材為個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。講述了作者的一次旅游經(jīng)歷。雖然預(yù)訂房間出現(xiàn)了差錯(cuò)，但問題得到了很好的解決，作者感到很滿意。
16．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查替代?！敬鸢浮?/span>it【解析】本空用it代替前面出現(xiàn)的邁阿密。
17．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查副詞比較級(jí)?！敬鸢浮?/span>earlier【解析】解此題關(guān)鍵在于本句中的had made可知，作者在到達(dá)邁阿密之前就提前六個(gè)月預(yù)定了房間。本句暗含比較，意思是“早在六個(gè)月前”。
18．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?/span>were told【解析】事情在過去發(fā)生，所以用一般過去時(shí)。我們應(yīng)該是由旅館那邊告知，所以使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；因?yàn)閿⑹龅氖沁^去發(fā)生的事情，we與tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以本句使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
19．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查副詞?！敬鸢浮?/span>but【解析】這是考慮not…but…結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是為那個(gè)星期訂的，而是為后一個(gè)星期所訂的”。not…but…不是……而是……。此處表示句意的轉(zhuǎn)折。
20．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查連詞?！敬鸢浮?/span>how【解析】意為“我不知道怎么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事”，故用how?？疾橘e語從句的連接詞。我不理解為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事。/我不理解這樣的事是如何發(fā)生的。
21．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞?！敬鸢浮?/span>for【解析】因charge…for…意為“收費(fèi)”，charge…for…為……收(費(fèi))。是習(xí)慣搭配。
22．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查副詞用法?！敬鸢浮?/span>surprisingly【解析】解此題關(guān)鍵在于本空后的helpful是一個(gè)形容詞，修飾形容詞應(yīng)該用副詞。
23．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查冠詞。【答案】the【解析】這里是特指頂層，所以用定冠詞。the top floor頂層。
24．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查定語從句。【答案】where【解析】本句中含有定語從句，先行詞是beach，where=on which=and on the beach=and there引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the beach。因?yàn)橄刃性~是地點(diǎn)名詞，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以填where。
25．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?/span>sunburnt/sunburned【解析】get后接過去分詞表被動(dòng)。此處意為“被曬傷”。get sunburnt/sunburned曬傷。
4. 2014年遼寧卷
第三部分 英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分55分）
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Jonny: Hey! I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太極). Would you like to join me?
Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?
Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.
Peter: OK. Don’t laugh 61 me. I may look funny.
Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 62 (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake.
Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 63 (pain).
Jonny: Keep 64 (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air for seconds.
Peter: I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 67 strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The 68 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!
Peter: Unbelievable! Oh..., 69 you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep 70 .
[語篇解讀] 本文為對(duì)話類材料。Jonny和Peter在談?wù)摵蛯W(xué)習(xí)打太極拳的一些動(dòng)作。
61.【答案】at 【試題解析】考查介詞。考察固定搭配laugh at…嘲笑…；根據(jù)下面一句I may look funny也許我看上去很滑稽，所以先提醒對(duì)方不要嘲笑我。
62.【答案】softly 【試題解析】本句應(yīng)該使用副詞softly與前面的naturally一起作為狀語修飾前面的動(dòng)詞。要很自然柔和地彎曲膝蓋伸展胳膊。
63.【答案】painful 【試題解析】本句橫線前面是系動(dòng)詞become，說明橫線上應(yīng)該使用形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，所以使用形容詞painful。
64.【答案】holding 【試題解析】固定搭配keep doing sth一直做某事；本句表示要一直維持住這個(gè)位置一段時(shí)間，會(huì)幫助發(fā)展你的力氣和靈活性。
65.【答案】it 【試題解析】這里的it就是指前面的raise your leg中的your leg。用it指代上文提及的同一事物。
66【答案】is called 【試題解析】本句是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式。句義：在英語里，太極被稱為“shadow boxing”。根據(jù)句義可知表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因?yàn)閿⑹龅氖翘珮O拳的常識(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又因Tai Chi與call之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
67.【答案】as 【試題解析】本句是一個(gè)固定搭配as well as…和…，也…；太極要求你像水英語行動(dòng)，靈活也要強(qiáng)大…；as well as=and。
68.【答案】harder 【試題解析】本句是一個(gè)固定句式：the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…表示“越……就越……”；你越來用力擊打他，你越可能被擊中，他能夠控制你。因?yàn)閷?duì)方會(huì)借力打力?？芍?/span>hard的比較級(jí)形式harder。
69.【答案】if 【試題解析】句義：這真是難以相信，如果你不介意，我將停下了深呼吸一下。
70.【答案】breath 【試題解析】考查名詞。Peter認(rèn)為這樣的事情是不可能的，所以他想深呼吸讓自己平靜下來。故使用take a deep breath深呼吸。
5. 2013年廣東卷
第一節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 16 (find)that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son,“Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.”
His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not save a bit of money?”
“That would be a very 19 (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick’s guests, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied,“The only reason a man would sell salt 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t 23 (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.”
第二節(jié) 語法填空
[語篇解讀]本文為夾敘夾議。題材為生活哲理。本文通過講述尼克打電話叫他兒子去買些鹽，并交代他兒子要以合理公平的價(jià)格買，不能破壞市場平衡的故事，告訴我們要懂得尊重他人和生活中的公平。今年閱讀理解的命題思路和前幾年基本相同，但難易度比去年略有降低?？疾榉秶鷱V，對(duì)冠詞、介詞、連詞、形容詞、時(shí)態(tài)、日常用語、定語從句等進(jìn)行了考查。
本文講述尼克讓兒子去買鹽時(shí)，告誡兒子不能付太多也不能付太少的錢，并告訴了兒子如果不這樣做的后果。
16．found考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事，故用動(dòng)詞的一般過去式。16．【考點(diǎn)】考查時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用?！敬鸢浮?/span>found【解析】由本文的語境及時(shí)態(tài)可知，本文應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。
17．nor neither…nor…既不……也不……。17．【考點(diǎn)】考查連詞的運(yùn)用?！敬鸢浮?/span>nor【解析】neither…nor…為固定搭配，意為“既不……也不……”。
18．why why not…?意為：為什么不……呢? 18．【考點(diǎn)】考查日常用語。【答案】why【解析】由語境可知，孩子要問的是“為什么不節(jié)省一些錢呢?”
19．reasonable考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用形容詞reasonable修飾名詞thing。reasonable adj.合理的，公道的。19．【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的用法。【答案】reasonable【解析】修飾名詞thing應(yīng)該用形容詞reasonable，意為“合乎情理的”。
20．who考查關(guān)系代詞。此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Nick’s guests，故用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)，并且關(guān)系代詞who作從句的主語。20．【考點(diǎn)】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。【答案】who【解析】此處為who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞guests。
21．at考查介詞。at a lower price以較低的價(jià)格。21．【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞的用法?！敬鸢浮?/span>at【解析】以……價(jià)格用介詞at。
22．for固定搭配：show respect for sb．/sth．對(duì)……表示尊重。show a lack of respect for：對(duì)……缺乏尊重。22．【考點(diǎn)】考查介詞的用法。【答案】for【解析】show respect for意為“尊重”，本句中不要受；a lack of的影響。
23．possibly考查副詞。此處用副詞possibly修飾動(dòng)詞destroy。23．【考點(diǎn)】考查副詞的用法?！敬鸢浮?/span>possibly【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用副詞。
24．a考查冠詞。固定搭配：a small/large amount of sth．少量/大量……。24．【考點(diǎn)】考查冠詞的用法。【答案】a【解析】a small amount of意為“少量的”。
25．thinking考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處用v．-ing形式表示主動(dòng)，作伴隨狀語。25．【考點(diǎn)】考查時(shí)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?/span>thinking【解析】everyone與think是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。
6. 2012年廣東卷
第二節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題; 每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卷標(biāo)號(hào)為16-25的相應(yīng)位置上。
Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16 (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school, And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row.
20 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong. It might have made it a little 21 ( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, 22 made her feel like a star.
“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do. Then he took 25 off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”
第二節(jié): 語法填空
瑪麗班上來了一位來自紐約城的男孩，與眾不同的是戴著太陽鏡，給她留下了深刻的印象。
16．wearing此處用作伴隨狀語，句子主語與“戴太陽鏡”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。16．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法?！敬鸢浮?/span>wearing【解析】現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語放在句中或句末常常表示伴隨狀態(tài)。wear的現(xiàn)在分詞形式為wearing。
17．had bought 根據(jù)句意可知此處是虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反。由句中的過去時(shí)態(tài)可知此處用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。17．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查虛擬語氣的用法?！敬鸢浮?/span>had bought(填would buy得O.5分) 【解析】表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)用had done。
18．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查形容詞?！敬鸢浮?/span>pleased【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知瑪麗應(yīng)該是感到高興。此處需要please的形容詞形式pleased。18．pleased教室里有很多空座位，但男孩兒坐在了她身旁，這讓瑪麗覺得很高興。此處用作表語，故用形容詞pleased(高興的；滿意的)。
19．the此處表特指，故用定冠詞the。19．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查定冠詞?！敬鸢浮?/span>the【解析】在序數(shù)詞、順序詞前面用定冠詞表示特指。
20．If(Although/Though/While)句意：假如(雖然)他認(rèn)為坐在最后一排可以逃脫大家的注意，(但是)他錯(cuò)了。根據(jù)語境以及兩句之問的邏輯關(guān)系可知，此空處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句或者讓步狀語從句。20．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查連詞?！敬鸢浮?/span>If【解析】如果他以為坐在后面就可以避開注意，那他錯(cuò)了。
21．harder根據(jù)語境可知，此處用比較級(jí)形式，a little修飾比較級(jí)，表示“更……”。2l．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查a little的用法。【答案】harder(填hard得O.5分) 【解析】此處a little修飾比較級(jí)。
22．which此處為非限制性定語從句，故用關(guān)系代詞which，which指代前面的整句話。22．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查非限制性定語從句。【答案】which【解析】which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
23．for句意：那個(gè)新生看了老師幾秒鐘……根據(jù)語境可知他們二人對(duì)視了一小會(huì)兒，故用介詞for. 23．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查介詞的用法。【答案】for【解析】“for a few seconds”意為“幾秒鐘”。
24．what此處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中do后缺少賓語，故由what引導(dǎo)。24．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查賓語從句?！敬鸢浮?/span>what【解析】what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在賓語從句中作賓語。
25．them此處表示“他摘掉了眼鏡”。眼鏡(glasses)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，用them代指。25．【考點(diǎn)】本題考查代詞的指代用法?！敬鸢浮?/span>them【解析】them代上文“sun glasses”。
