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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)難點(diǎn)--句子種類（十一）

I． 要點(diǎn)
　句子按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句；按結(jié)構(gòu)又分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。
　1、陳述句的否定
?。?） 在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)的否定習(xí)慣上要移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，如: I don't think he is right.
?。?） 含有否定意義的副詞never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子應(yīng)視為否定句，如: I have never been there before.
　2、反意疑問(wèn)句
?。?） need和dare 既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，在反問(wèn)部分須加以區(qū)別，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?
?。?） 陳述部分出現(xiàn)否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分須用肯定形式如：He seldom comes, does he?
?。?） 陳述部分用不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?
　陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分常用it，有時(shí)也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?
?。?） 陳述部分包括used to 時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分可有兩種形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?
?。?） 陳述部分是"there + be"結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?
?。?） 陳述部分是含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?
　但，如果是I think , I believe等 +賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分須和從句的動(dòng)詞保持一致，如，I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?
　3、感嘆句
　用what或how,
　What a beautiful park it is.
　How beautiful a park it is.
　How beautiful the park is.
　How we worked!
　4、祈使句
　Take care!
　Don't stand there.
　Please open the door for the old lady.

II．例題
　例1，Don't forget to post the letter, _______ ?
　A. will you 　B. do you 　C. won't you 　D. shall you
　解析：該題答案為A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?