——四六級(jí)考前終極點(diǎn)題——
中國(guó)國(guó)畫的根源可以追溯到新石器時(shí)代的陶器（Neolithic pottery），比如魚、青蛙、鹿、鳥、花、樹葉的形狀。最早的中國(guó)漢字是象形文字（pictograph）。由于相似的工具被使用于最早期的繪畫和書寫，繪畫被認(rèn)為是與書法（calligraphy）有著相同的起源。這樣一來，中國(guó)國(guó)畫就有著一種非凡的特征，也就是說，詩(shī)意和書法被印刻（inscribe）在畫中，從而三者合為一體，給人們一種更加強(qiáng)烈的美的享受。
The roots of Chinese painting can be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery, such as figures of fish, frogs, deer, birds, flowers and tree leaves. The earliest Chinese characters were pictographs. Since similar tools were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the same origin as calligraphy. Thus, Chinese painting has an outstanding characteristic, that is to say, poetry or calligraphy are inscribed on paintings so that the three are integrated, giving people a keener enjoyment of beauty.
1. 第一句中，“追溯到”還可以譯為date back to 或go back to。
2. 第三句中，“被使用于”含被動(dòng)含義，且此處表達(dá)過去的情況，故譯為were used for；“被認(rèn)為是”還可以譯為is deemed to或is considered to。
3. 第四句中，“這樣一來”還可以譯為therefore；“也就是說”還可以譯為in other words；“三者合為一體”應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，可譯為the three are integrated；“給人們一種更加強(qiáng)烈的美的享受”為結(jié)果狀語，故用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，可譯為giving people a keener enjoyment of beauty。
中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都與平時(shí)有所不同。一些歷史悠久、具有象征意義的食物也是節(jié)日必不可缺的。例如，端午節(jié)（Dragon Boat Festival）那一天，人們通常要吃粽子。中秋節(jié)是賞月的日子。中秋節(jié)的特制食品是月餅。春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷（lunar）新年。除了常見的海鮮、家禽（poultry）和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)菜肴，如餃子和年糕。
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality. Some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions. For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, people will usually eat zongzi, or rice dumplings. The Mid‘s autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The special food of the day is the yuebing, or moon cake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year's holiday. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, such as jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake, according to their regional custom.
1. 第一句除了上面的譯法，還可以譯為The quantity and quality of traditional Chinese holiday meals are different from those of everyday meals.；“節(jié)慶膳食”可譯為holiday meals。
2. 第二句中，“食物”的定語“歷史悠久、具有象征意義的”較長(zhǎng)，所以將其譯為介詞短語，即with a long history and symbolic significance。
3. 第三句中，“粽子”如果只用拼音zongzi來表達(dá)則不夠明白，所以用or rice dumplings來補(bǔ)充說明；同理，第五句中的“月餅”以及第七句中的“餃子”和“年糕”都采用了同樣的翻譯法。
4. 第七句中，“除了……之外”還可譯為besides。
自改革開放以來，中國(guó)的郵政和電信產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歷史性階段。中國(guó)的郵政網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)了整體性服務(wù)和多運(yùn)輸渠道。電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)的規(guī)模以及科技和服務(wù)的水平都發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛躍（qualitative leaps）。中國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了自己的公共電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)來覆蓋整個(gè)國(guó)家，并且還與世界其他地方相連接。還采用了許多先進(jìn)的方法，包括光纖（optical cables）、數(shù)字微波網(wǎng)絡(luò)、衛(wèi)星、移動(dòng)通信和數(shù)字通信。
Since reform and opening up, the development of posts and telecommunications has entered a new historical stage. China's postal network has realized complete services and multiple transportation means. The scale of the telephone network and the level of technology and services have all realized qualitative leaps. China has built up its public communications network to cover the whole nation and link it up with the rest of the world. Many advanced methods are used, including optical cables, digital microwave networks, satellites, mobile telecommunications and digital communications.
1. 第一句中，“自改革開放以來”可譯為since reform and opening up，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；“進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歷史性階段”可譯為has entered a new historical stage。
2. 第二句中，“整體性服務(wù)和多運(yùn)輸渠道”可譯為complete services and multiple transportation means。
3. 第三句中，“電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)的規(guī)?！笨勺g為the scale of the telephone network；“科技和服務(wù)的水平”可譯為the level of technology and services。
4. 第四句中，“與世界其他地方相連接”可譯為link it up with the rest of the world。
5. 第五句中，“還采用了許多先進(jìn)的方法”用被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，可譯為many advanced methods are used；“包括……”用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，可譯為including…；“移動(dòng)通信和數(shù)字通信”可譯為mobile telecommunications and digital communications。
中國(guó)政府非常重視環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的法律法規(guī)建設(shè)（formulation），而且已經(jīng)將環(huán)境保護(hù)納入到了法律范疇（orbit）內(nèi)。迄今為止，已經(jīng)頒布（promulgate）了環(huán)保方面的五個(gè)特別法和九個(gè)自然資源法。另外，國(guó)務(wù)院（the State Council）已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了30多項(xiàng)環(huán)保方面的行政法規(guī)。伴隨著重大建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的增多，中國(guó)政府于1998年就出臺(tái)了建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境保護(hù)法規(guī)，從而進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)環(huán)保管理，控制新污染源和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。
The Chinese government attaches great importance to the formulation of laws and regulations on environmental protection, and has brought the environmental protection into the legal orbit. Up to now, five special laws and nine natural resources laws related to environmental protection have been promulgated. In addition, the State Council has worked out over 30 administrative laws and regulations on environmental protection. Along with the increase of large construction projects, the Chinese government in 1998 worked out the regulations of construction projects on environmental protection to further strengthen environmental protection management, control new pollution sources and protect the ecological environment.
1. 第一句中，“非常重視”可譯為attaches great importance to；“法律法規(guī)”可譯為laws and regulations；“將環(huán)境保護(hù)納入到了……內(nèi)”可譯為brought the environmental protection into…。
2. 第二句中，“已經(jīng)頒布了”用被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，可譯為have been promulgated。
3. 第三句中，“已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了”可譯為has worked out。
4. 第四句中，“伴隨著……”可譯為along with…；“進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)”可譯為to further strengthen；“生態(tài)環(huán)境”可譯為ecological environment。
刺繡（embroidery）是中國(guó)藝術(shù)里一枚璀璨的珍珠。從君王所穿的華麗的龍袍（Dragon Robe）到當(dāng)今時(shí)尚界的流行刺繡，刺繡給我們的生活和文化增加了如此多的樂趣。在中國(guó)有記錄可循的最早刺繡品始于商朝。在這一時(shí)期，刺繡象征著社會(huì)地位。而在不久之后，隨著國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，刺繡進(jìn)入到了尋常百姓的生活中。漸漸地，刺繡的圖案范圍變得更廣，而且吉祥的（auspicious）語言也可以在刺繡上看到了。
Embroidery is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. From the magnificent Dragon Robe worn by Emperors to the popular embroidery seen in today's fashions, embroidery adds so much pleasure to our life and culture. The oldest embroidered product in China on record dates from the Shang Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. It was not until later on, as the national economy developed, that embroidery entered the lives of the common people. Gradually，the patterns of embroidery covered a larger range and auspicious words were also seen on it.
1. 第一句中，“一枚璀璨的珍珠”可譯為a brilliant pearl。
2. 第二句中,“君王所穿的”可以用過去分詞短語作定語，譯為worn by Emperors;“增加”可以用adds to來表達(dá)。
3. 第三句中，“有記錄可循的”還可譯為recorded；“始于”還可譯為dates back to。
4. 第五句中,“在不久之后”還可譯為shortly after this或soon;“進(jìn)入到了尋常百姓的生活中”可譯為entered the lives of the common people。
5. 第六句中，“變得更廣”可以用covered a larger range來表達(dá)。
中國(guó)書法(calligraphy)作為一種具有4000多年歷史的抽象藝術(shù)，它不僅僅是書寫漢字，也不只是寫好漢字，它是一門體現(xiàn)精神的藝術(shù)。書法作品承載著書法家的人格、情緒、思想和靈魂。中國(guó)書法在中國(guó)盛行了數(shù)千年，在日本和韓國(guó)這些鄰國(guó)也很流行。在中國(guó)，書法作品被認(rèn)為是很高檔的（up-market）裝飾品，因此也常被視為饋贈(zèng)友人的佳品。如今，大部分的名家書法作品都被存放在博物館里，這增強(qiáng)了不同國(guó)家和不同文化之間的人們對(duì)彼此的了解。
As an abstract art with more than 4,000 years' history, Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing Chinese characters, or writing them well. It is an art which expresses spirits. The calligraphy work carries the calligrapher's personality, mood, thoughts and soul. Chinese calligraphy has been popular in China for thousands of years, which also prevails in the neighborhood countries, such as Japan and Korea. In China, the calligraphy work is considered as a very up-market decoration. Therefore, it also serves as a great present to friends. Today, most calligraphy works are exhibited in museums, which promotes people from different countries and cultures to better understand each other.
1. 第一句較長(zhǎng)，按照英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該進(jìn)行斷句，可以根據(jù)意群進(jìn)行劃分。從“中國(guó)書法作為……”到“……寫好漢字”為一個(gè)意群；總結(jié)性的話 “它是一門體現(xiàn)精神的藝術(shù)”獨(dú)立成句最佳。
2. 第二句中，“承載著”可以意譯為 carry，比較形象。
3. 第三句中，需要注意時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，“中國(guó)書法在中國(guó)盛行了數(shù)千年”，其還將繼續(xù)盛行下去，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，而非過去時(shí)。
4. 第四句中，“被認(rèn)為是很高檔的裝飾品”根據(jù)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣應(yīng)該譯為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，使用be considered as…或be regarded as…均可。
5. 最后一句中，“這增強(qiáng)了不同國(guó)家和不同文化之間的人們對(duì)彼此的了解”中的“這”指代前一個(gè)分句中的“大部分的名家書法作品都被存放在博物館里”，可以將其翻譯為由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
功夫(Kung fu)是一種典型的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，它是一項(xiàng)既活動(dòng)肌肉又活動(dòng)大腦的運(yùn)動(dòng)。同時(shí)，功夫不僅是一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，也是一種藝術(shù)形式。它被用來治病和自衛(wèi)，而且是一種綜合性的人體文化。功夫歷史悠久，在中國(guó)非常流行。肢體動(dòng)作只是功夫的外部表現(xiàn)(external display)，功夫絕對(duì)不受限于外部動(dòng)作，它還強(qiáng)調(diào)充分發(fā)揮內(nèi)部氣質(zhì)(internal temperament)、心理狀態(tài)(mental state)和人類潛能。由于起源于傳統(tǒng)的東方文化，功夫的特點(diǎn)與魅力在其他國(guó)家受到越來越多的關(guān)注。
Kung fu，as one of the typical demonstrations of traditional Chinese culture, is a sport which strengthens both muscle and brain. It is not only a sporting exercise but also an artistic form. Kung fu can be used to cure illness as well as for self-defense, and it is a comprehensive form of culture of the human body. Kung fu enjoys a long history and great popularity in China. The physical movements of the human are only the external display of Kung fu, which is by no means limited to them. It emphasizes the full display of the internal temperament, mental state and potential of human beings. Thanks to its uniqueness and charisma originating from the traditional oriental culture, Kung fu is captivating the attention of more and more people in other countries.
1. 第一句中，包含兩個(gè)小分句，可將“是一種典型的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化”譯成as one of the typical demonstrations of traditional Chinese culture，以插入語的形式呈現(xiàn)，更符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，也使句子結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然。
2. 第二句中,“不僅……也是……”可以譯為not only…but also…。
3. 第三句中，“治病和自衛(wèi)”可以翻譯成由as well as連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，即cure illness as well as for self-defense。
4. 第四句中，“非常流行”譯成enjoy great popularity 更顯正式。
5. 第五句中，“絕對(duì)不”可譯為by no means。
6. 第六句中，“功夫的特點(diǎn)與魅力”是主語，翻譯時(shí)會(huì)顯得過長(zhǎng)，所以將其與前面的原因狀語一起譯為原因狀語從句，即Thanks to its uniqueness and charisma originating from traditional oriental culture。
提到中國(guó)文化就不能不提到中國(guó)飲食。中國(guó)的菜肴很豐富，種類繁多，源自中國(guó)56個(gè)民族(nationality)和廣大的地域。中國(guó)北方多以面食為主，南方多以米食為主，這形成了巨大的反差。作為一種文化載體(carrier)，餃子是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)飲食文化的典型代表。唐宋時(shí)期，中國(guó)的面食得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，與其他國(guó)家的面食交流也開始了。隨著時(shí)間的流逝，中國(guó)面食文化被繼承與發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造出更多融古今風(fēng)味于一體的全新面食。
It is impossible to mention Chinese culture without mentioning Chinese food. Chinese dishes are rich and varied in kind, originating from China's 56 nationalities and its vast territory. Additionally, the more wheat-based diet of China's Northern regions provides a sharp contrast in diet to the more rice-based diet of China's Southern regions. As a carrier of culture, dumpling is the typical example of traditional Chinese cuisine culture. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Chinese flour food got further development. Meanwhile, exchanges with other countries on flour food were carried out. As time goes by, the flour food culture has definitely been carried forward and further developed, creating more and more innovative flour delicates combining traditional and modern styles.
1. 第一句中，“提到……就不能不提到……”翻譯成It is impossible to mention…without mentioning…。
2. 第二句中，“源自中國(guó)56個(gè)民族和廣大的地域”可以譯作現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語，即originating from China's 56 nationalities and its vast territory。
3. 第三句中，翻譯時(shí)將其整合成一個(gè)句子，“中國(guó)北方多以面食為主”作主語，“形成了巨大的反差”作謂語，賓語則為“南方多以米食為主”。
4. 第四句中，“作為……” 譯為 as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語。
5. 第七句中， “融古今風(fēng)味于一體”譯作combining traditional and modern styles。
早在文字出現(xiàn)之前，就有人發(fā)明了風(fēng)箏，因此關(guān)于它的起源有各種各樣的說法。中國(guó)人擁有制造風(fēng)箏最基本的材料——絲綢和竹子，而且中國(guó)人是最早用文字記錄風(fēng)箏的。據(jù)記載，公元前478年中國(guó)的一位哲學(xué)家（philosopher）墨子花了三年時(shí)間用木頭做成了一只會(huì)飛的鳥。有很多說法解釋風(fēng)箏是怎樣被發(fā)明出來的，有一個(gè)說法是有個(gè)中國(guó)人的帽子被風(fēng)吹掉了，但是掛在了衣領(lǐng)（neckband）上，于是就在風(fēng)中飛了起來；還有一個(gè)說法是為了讓高處的旗幟更醒目。
As kites were invented before the written words, many versions of how they originated have emerged. The Chinese had the basic available materials to make kites—silk and bamboo, and the Chinese were the first people to write about kites in words. In 478 B.C., it was recorded that a Chinese philosopher, Mo Zi, spent 3 years making a bird from wood which could fly. There are many sayings as to how the kite was invented—one is that a Chinese man's hat may have been blown off and was caught by the neckband which made it fly in the wind. Another saying is that it can make a high banner more visible.
1. 第一句中，句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，翻譯成英文最好也用一句話，根據(jù)語義之間的關(guān)系，前半部分譯為as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句較好。
2. 第二句中，“用文字”可以翻譯為in words。
3. 第三句中，“據(jù)記載”可譯為it was recorded that…。
4. 第四句為無主句，可以翻譯為there be句型。翻譯時(shí)用破折號(hào)引出風(fēng)箏起源的兩種說法，起到解釋、說明的作用。
燈籠作為民間傳統(tǒng)工藝(craftwork)，現(xiàn)在仍受到全國(guó)各地的歡迎。燈籠藝術(shù)，作為中國(guó)珍貴傳統(tǒng)文化的一部分，在民間仍被繼承（inherit）著。我們可以說燈籠在中國(guó)悠久的歷史中發(fā)揮著巨大而不可替代的作用，它象征著燦爛的中國(guó)文化。中國(guó)燈籠不但在中國(guó)歷史上扮演著重要的角色，在國(guó)際發(fā)明、發(fā)展上也做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。一些西方國(guó)家通過傳教士(missionary)活動(dòng)和對(duì)外貿(mào)易，掌握了中國(guó)燈籠的設(shè)計(jì)及制作技巧，極大地促進(jìn)了其社會(huì)發(fā)展。
Lanterns, the traditional folk craftwork, are still popular all over the country now. The art of lanterns, as a part of the precious traditional Chinese culture, is still inherited among the people. We can say that lanterns played an important and irreplaceable role in Chinese long history, and they also symbolize the brilliant culture of China. Chinese lanterns not only played an important role in Chinese history, but also made great contributions to the international inventions and development. Some Western countries got the skills of designing and making Chinese lanterns by means of missionaries and foreign trading, which greatly fastened their social development.
1. 第一句中，“民間傳統(tǒng)工藝”在這里就是指“燈籠”，可以處理為同位語。
2. 第二句中，“在民間”這里主要指人，譯作among the people比較合適。
3. 第三句中，“燈籠在中國(guó)悠久的歷史中發(fā)揮著巨大而不可替代的作用，它象征著燦爛的中國(guó)文化”在翻譯時(shí)前后兩個(gè)分句應(yīng)該使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)，前一個(gè)分句用一般過去時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句則應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
4. 第四句中的“做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)”譯為made great contributions to…。
5. 在最后一句中，“通過……”譯為 by means of…更貼切。
以上內(nèi)容來源于《艾考黑旋風(fēng)試卷真題詳解+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)預(yù)測(cè)》
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