· 低鈉—每份含有 140 毫克或更少鈉· 超低鈉—每份含有 35 毫克或更少鈉· 無鹽/鈉—每份含有不到 5 毫克的鈉注意!標簽注明“減鈉”或“少鈉”并非指鈉含量低,而是指該產品中的鈉含量比原產品減少 25-50%,但可能仍含較高的鈉。7 標明“無鹽”或“未加鹽”的產品的天然鈉含量不盡相同,不能保證產品中不含鈉。以下是減少飲食中鹽攝入的一些建議:· 在烹飪時逐漸減少用鹽。您的味蕾將很快適應。· 避免在餐桌上額外加鹽。相反,嘗試在烹飪時使用不同的香料和調味料,例如新鮮大蒜、洋蔥或芫荽。· 避免大量食用椒鹽脆餅干和薯片等咸味零食。· 避免食用加鹽的罐裝食物。尋找標簽上顯示“未加鈉”或“低鈉”的食品種類。嘗試以新鮮或冷凍蔬菜代替罐裝食物,因為蔬菜中的鈉含量本來就低。· 限制食用在鹽水中腌制或包裝的食物,例如泡菜和橄欖,以及番茄醬、芥末醬和燒烤醬等通常含鈉量高的調味品。醬油或日式醬油等常見調味品的鈉含量也非常高。維持健康體重及加強鍛煉超重和肥胖會增加您患上高血壓的可能性。素食者往往體重較輕,而且超重和肥胖的風險更低。 避免食用動物制品及油炸和高脂肪食品,同時增加蔬菜、水果、全谷類食品和豆類的攝入能促進健康的體重,從而改善血壓。體育活動能夠幫助您降低血壓。嘗試每周至少進行三次 30 分鐘至一個小時的快走運動。另一個好處是,維持正常體重(身體質量指數(shù)介于 18.5kg/m2 - 25 kg/m2 之間),而且減掉多余脂肪會進一步降低患上糖尿病、心臟問題、關節(jié)問題和一些癌癥的風險。由于鍛煉可能會增加您心臟的壓力,在開始一項新的鍛煉計劃前請咨詢您的醫(yī)生。 參考資料1. Nwankwo T, Yoon SS, Burt V, Gu Q. Hypertension amongadults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,2011–2012. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Centerfor Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db133.pdf. AccessedJuly 6, 2015.2. Kung HC, Xu J. Hypertension-related mortality in theUnited States, 2000–2013.NCHS data brief, no 193. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention: National Center for Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db193.pdf.AccessedJuly 6, 2015.3. About high blood pressure. American Heart Association.http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloodPressure/About-High-Blood-Pressure_UCM_002050_Article.jsp. AccessedJuly 6, 2015.4. Yokoyama Y, Nishimura K, Barnard ND, et al. Vegetariandiets and blood pressure:a meta-analysis. JAMA InternMed.2014;174:577-587.5. Craig WJ, Mangels AR. Position of the AmericanDietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am DietAssoc.2009;109:1266-1282.6. Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Hypertension and bloodpressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC-Oxford.Public HealthNutr.2002;5:645-654.7. Sodium in your diet: using the nutrition facts labelto reduce your intake. U.S.Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/UCM315471.pdf. AccessedJune 26, 2015.8. Le LT, Sabaté J. Beyond meatless, the health effectsof vegan diets: findings from the adventist cohorts. Nutrients. 2014;6:2131-2147.