Why does China have the most long-distance high speed railroads in the world?
為什么中國擁有世界上最多的長途高鐵？
評論翻譯
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Glenn Luk, Invests in China
Updated 9h ago
China is big.
Both size-wise and population-wise.
Population density is high.
The economics of high-speed rail are driven by utilization[1][2], and population density is one of the key factors driving capacity utilization.
At 145 per sq. km, China ranks 27th in the world[3] in population density, over 4x the United States.
If you ignore the relatively inhospitable two-thirds of the country in the west, it ranks even higher — some entire Chinese provinces[4] (i.e. including farmland and rural areas) are denser than large American cities[5].
中國很大，包括面積和人口。人口密度也很高。高鐵經(jīng)濟是通過利用率來驅(qū)動的，而人口密度是設(shè)備使用率的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動因素之一。
每平方公里人口145人，人口密度上，中國位列世界第27位，是美國的四倍。
如果你忽視相對荒涼的三分之二的西方國家，中國的排名更高，某些中國省份（包括農(nóng)田和農(nóng)村地區(qū)）比美國大城市的人口密度還高。
High-speed rail is a significant upgrade from the existing long-haul bus and “normal” rail lines. Along the spectrum of transportation options, it fills a large gap between bus and air travel.
Land acquisition is relatively “efficient”.
Land acquisition is often the most troublesome or costly part of rail projects. This is doubly true for high-speed rail, where tracks need to be relatively straight in order to achieve such high speeds.
In China, largely due to a lower emphasis on individual property rights, it is relatively easy to acquire the necessary right-of-way for high-speed rail tracks.
High-speed rail was deemed strategic and received priority attention from policymakers.
China knew it was soon-to-be the world’s largest importer of crude oil, half of which is used for transportation. Policymakers wanted to reduce the economy’s dependence on this scarce resource.
相對于現(xiàn)存的長途巴士和普速列車而言，高鐵是一個巨大的提升。它彌補了巴士運輸和空運之間的巨大缺口。
中國的土地征收相對高效。土地征收通常是鐵路項目里最麻煩最耗費的部分。尤其是高鐵，鐵軌的鋪設(shè)要相對筆直，這樣才可以高速行駛。在中國，由于對個人財產(chǎn)權(quán)的強調(diào)較小，所以在獲得高鐵鐵軌的通行權(quán)上相對容易。
高鐵被認(rèn)為是戰(zhàn)略資產(chǎn)，所以能獲得政策制定者的優(yōu)先關(guān)注。當(dāng)時的中國知道自己很快將成為世界上最大的原油進(jìn)口國，其中一半用于交通運輸。所以政策制定者想要讓中國經(jīng)濟降低對這種稀缺資源的依賴。
Glenn Luk
Thu · 6 upvotes including G. Arvind Kumar
I think high-speed rail makes a lot of sense for India and the Mumbai to Ahmedabad corridor looks like it would be a good one to start with.
The question is one of execution. If you go down the points I listed, India shares similar characteristics (high population density, pattern of urban/rural development) but it is (currently) lacking in others (lack of domestic technology, difficult land acquisition process, high interest rates etc.). It will need to address some of these in order to build out HSR on a massive scale like China has done.
我認(rèn)為高鐵對印度也是很有意義的，孟買到艾哈邁德巴德之間的走廊適合建設(shè)高鐵。問題出在執(zhí)行上。印度具備類似的特點（人口密度高，城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展模式），但目前缺乏其他要素（缺乏國內(nèi)技術(shù)，土地征收苦難，高利率等等）。這些問題需要得到解決，否則無法像中國那樣大規(guī)模建設(shè)高鐵。
