在漢字文化圈國家之中和海外華人華僑華裔群體之中被廣泛使用。我們中國人的漢字是當(dāng)今地球之上獨有的一種具有指示性的會意字。在當(dāng)今世界以字母文字為主的時代，只有中國 漢字是世界上唯一仍然被廣泛使用并且得到了高度發(fā)展的語素文字。漢字的字體經(jīng)過了長時間的演變和改進，每個時間段都有不同代表的字體，這是中國漢字的魅力所在，也是時間維度之上比英文更具有永恒力量所在。在海外問答網(wǎng)站Quora上，美國網(wǎng)友提問道：英文的書寫效率是否比漢語更高一些？這個問題引起各國專家的爭議，我們看看他們的觀點。
問題：英文的書寫效率是否比漢語更高？
中國網(wǎng)友羅尼·高的回答
I like this question.
我喜歡這個問題。
First of all, I would like to point out that the demand for fast writing has almost disappeared from the daily life of most Chinese people, at least among our generation of Chinese people. With very few exceptions, typing on a keyboard or mobile device is our main 'writing' method.
首先，我要指出，對快速書寫的需求幾乎已經(jīng)從大多數(shù)中國人的日常生活中消失，至少在我們這一代的中國人中是如此。除了極少數(shù)例外，在鍵盤或移動設(shè)備上打字是我們現(xiàn)在主要的“書寫”的方式。
When we really need to write, the answer to this question depends on which style of writing we use. In short, it's very slow to write each character the way you see it in print, and most people don't.
當(dāng)我們確實需要手寫時，這個問題的答案取決于采用哪種風(fēng)格書寫。簡而言之，按照你在印刷品中看到的方式寫出每個字符是非常慢的，大多數(shù)人不會這樣做。
Chinese people usually learn and use three writing styles when writing.
中國人在手寫時通常學(xué)習(xí)和使用三種書寫風(fēng)格。
(1) Regular script (k ǎ i sh ū） Or standard style. This is a basic skill. It takes about four to six years of formal education to master about 3000 characters. Only by doing this can a person be considered literate. Although it helps to master the radicals and composition of each character, the handwriting speed is very slow! You can't write fast because every stroke is separate. This means that when you finish a stroke, you will lift the pen tip and start a new stroke. No matter how skilled you are, it is very time-consuming.
(1) 楷書 （kǎi shū）或稱為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣式。這是基本功，大約需要四到六年的正規(guī)教育才能掌握3000個左右的字符，做到這一點，一個人才會被認為是識字的。雖然它有助于掌握每個文字的部首和構(gòu)圖，但手寫速度非常慢！你不可能寫得快，因為每一筆都是分開的。這意味著當(dāng)你完成一個筆畫時，你會抬起筆尖，然后開始一個新的筆畫，無論你有多熟練，這都是非常耗時的。
(2) Running script (Xing sh ū）。 In my opinion, this is a faster and better looking font. It allows smoother transitions between strokes because the nib does not necessarily jump repeatedly between strokes. It speeds up writing, but most of the text is still legible.
(2) 行書 （Xing shū）。在我看來，這是一種更快、更好看的字體。它允許筆劃之間更平滑的過渡，因為筆尖不一定會在筆劃之間反復(fù)跳躍。它加快了書寫速度，但大部分文字仍然清晰可見。
(3) Cursive (c ǎ o sh ū）。 If you have to read such words every day, it's a nightmare. It is faster than the running script style, but if the writing is not good, the characters may be extremely difficult to recognize.
(3) 草書 （cǎo shū）。如果你每天都要閱讀這樣的文字，簡直就是噩夢。它比行書風(fēng)格快利，但如果書寫不好，字符可能極難識別。
In the spirit of scientific experiments, I did some speed tests on myself. When I use Sogou Pinyin input method to input Chinese, I can input up to 90 characters per minute.
本著科學(xué)實驗的精神，我對自己做了一些速度測試。當(dāng)我用搜狗拼音輸入法輸入中文時，我每分鐘最多可以輸入90個字符。
On the smartphone, I guess my speed is about 40 to 60 words per minute. Our typing speed also depends on the material: clear sentence structure and basic vocabulary will allow for more accurate prediction of characters and can save the time for manual selection of characters.
在智能手機上，我猜我的速度大概是每分鐘40到60個單詞。我們的打字速度還取決于材料：清晰的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和基本詞匯將允許更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測字符，可以節(jié)省手動選擇字符的時間。
Many of the answers here are already good. I just want to summarize:
這里的很多答案已經(jīng)很好了。我只是來總結(jié)一下：
-It is true that Chinese writing is more troublesome than English, but Chinese can be written with amazing simplicity, which makes up for this shortcoming. For example, compare the length of two sentences:
-的確，漢字書寫起來比英語更麻煩，但漢語可以寫得驚人的簡潔，因此彌補了這一缺點。例如，比較兩個句子的長度：
English words have fewer strokes per word, but Chinese characters contain more information per character, making them shorter.
英語單詞每個單詞的筆劃更少，但漢字每個字符包含更多信息，使其更短。
Got it? Chinese sentences are usually short and dense. It makes up for the complexity of writing a single character. Therefore, I would like to say that Chinese and English writing have the same effect.
了解了？漢語句子通常較短，也較密集。它彌補了書寫單個字符的復(fù)雜性。所以，我想說，中文和英文書寫的效果差不多。
That sounds reasonable, doesn't it?
聽起來很合理，不是嗎？
The sad fact is that if you type on a modern digital device, with the help of the input method:
“可悲”的事實是，如果你在一個現(xiàn)代化的數(shù)字設(shè)備上打字，在輸入法的幫助下：
The language efficiency of China will be much higher than that of English.
中國的語言效率將大大高于英語的語言效率。
中國網(wǎng)友Volgaski wang的回答
Oh, maybe not, when Chinese people write in simplified Chinese in cursive form and use Chinese, it may be much faster than writing in English.
哦，不是的，當(dāng)中國人用草書格式的簡體中文書寫并使用漢語時，它可能比用英語書寫快得多。
The Chinese language can be simplified in both words and meanings. Take the ancient Chinese Literature 'art of war' as an example:
中文在文字和意義上都可以簡化。以中國古代文學(xué)《孫子兵法》為例：
There are only 6074 Chinese characters in the art of war. When translated into English, the book usually exceeds 200 pages, which means that there are at least 60000 English words. Another example is the following idiom:
《孫子兵法》總共只有6074個漢字。當(dāng)翻譯成英語時，這本書通常超過200頁，這意味著至少有60000多個英語單詞。又比如以下成語：
打草驚蛇; Stomp the grass to scare the snake; Do something unaimed, but spectacular ('hitting the grass') to provoke a response of the enemy ('startle the snake'), thereby giving away his plans or position, or just taunt him. Do something unusual, strange, and unexpected as this will arouse the enemy's suspicion and disrupt his thinking. More widely used as '[Do not] startle the snake by hitting the grass'. An imprudent act will give your position or intentions away to the enemy.
打草驚蛇：做一些不起眼但引人注目的事情（“掃蕩草地”）以引起敵人的反應(yīng)（“驚嚇蛇”），從而泄露他的計劃或位置，或者只是嘲笑他。做一些不尋常、奇怪和意想不到的事情，因為這會引起敵人的懷疑，打亂他的思維。更廣泛的用法是“[不要]打草驚蛇”。輕率的行為會將你的立場或意圖泄露給敵人。
以逸待勞; Wait at leisure while the enemy labors; It is an advantage to choose the time and place for battle. In this way you know when and where the battle will take place, while your enemy does not. Encourage your enemy to expend his energy in futile quests while you conserve your strength. When he is exhausted and confused, you attack with energy and purpose. The idea is to have your troops well-prepared for battle, in the same time that the enemy is rushing to fight against you. This will give your troops a huge advantage in the upcoming battle, of which you will get to select the time and place.
以逸待勞：在敵人奔勞時悠閑地等待時機出擊。這樣你就知道戰(zhàn)斗何時何地發(fā)生，而你的敵人卻不知道。鼓勵你的敵人在徒勞的任務(wù)中消耗他的能量，而你保持體力。當(dāng)他筋疲力盡和困惑時，你會充滿活力和目標(biāo)地攻擊他。這樣做的目的是讓你的部隊做好戰(zhàn)斗準(zhǔn)備，同時敵人也在向你發(fā)起進攻。這將給你的部隊在即將到來的戰(zhàn)斗中帶來巨大的優(yōu)勢，你可以選擇時間和地點。
趁火打劫; Loot a burning house; When a country is beset by internal conflicts, when disease and famine ravage the population, when corruption and crime are rampant, then it will be unable to deal with an outside threat. This is the time to attack. Keep gathering internal information about an enemy. If the enemy is currently in its weakest state ever, attack it without mercy and totally destroy it to prevent future troubles.
趁火打劫：趁人家失火的時候去搶人家的東西。當(dāng)一個國家被內(nèi)部沖突困擾，當(dāng)疾病和饑荒肆虐人口，當(dāng)腐敗和犯罪猖獗時，它將無法應(yīng)對外部威脅，現(xiàn)在是進攻的時候了。不斷收集關(guān)于敵人的內(nèi)部信息。如果敵人目前處于有史以來最弱的狀態(tài)，就毫不留情地攻擊它，并徹底摧毀它，以防止未來的麻煩。
Chinese Idiom; 4 Chinese characters can take up to a paragraph of English to translate. An average Chinese knows 500 Common Chinese Idioms.
漢語成語；4個漢字最多可翻譯一段英文，而一個普通的中國人知道500個常見的漢語成語。
美國網(wǎng)友斯科特尼的回答
Yes, even faster than English, although it seems impossible if you are just beginning to learn Chinese.
對，甚至比英語更快，盡管如果你剛剛開始學(xué)習(xí)漢語，這似乎是不可能的。
This is a hot topic in a course I attended in Beijing. We are discussing the conciseness of Chinese and English. In China, Chinese can be spoken and written more compactly.
這是我在北京參加的一個課程中的一個熱門話題。我們在討論漢語和英語的簡潔性。在中國，漢語可以說和寫得更緊湊。
On the surface, a study shows that Chinese is the most compact language in the world. Not only that, it is also rich in profound meaning. Because the grammar is simple, many Chinese use concise idioms to express their meaning.
從表面上看，一項研究表明，漢語是世界上最緊湊的語言。不僅如此，它還富含深意，因為語法簡單，許多中國人用簡明的成語來表達他們的意思。
My Chinese friends also use fast 'cursive' Chinese writing, which is much faster than the formal writing process they learn in school. I haven't reached this level yet, but I hope I can do it one day!
我的中國朋友也用快速的“草書”中文書寫，比他們在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的正式書寫過程快得多。我還沒到這個水平，但希望有一天我也能做到！
Since I started this process, my written Chinese has made great progress. Writing in Chinese requires investment, but the mode and structure of learning strokes are more intuitive than I imagined.
自從我開始這個過程以來，我的書面漢語已經(jīng)有了長足的進步。用中文寫作需要投入，但學(xué)習(xí)筆畫的模式和結(jié)構(gòu)比我想象的更直觀。
I can't write English as fast as I can. However, I met some foreign learners in China who said that their written Chinese was catching up with their English. Obviously, because of its structure, Chinese is a little easy to use. My foreign friends said that they felt uncomfortable when they re wrote written English. It was really interesting.
我的英語寫得還遠不及我能寫得那么快。然而，我在中國遇到了一些外國學(xué)習(xí)者，他們說他們的書面漢語正在趕上他們的英語。顯然，由于其結(jié)構(gòu)，中文在手上也有點容易，我的外國朋友說，當(dāng)他們重新手寫書面英語時，他們感到不舒服，真有意思。
中國網(wǎng)友李凱麗的回答
As a Chinese student, let me ask you a similar question first.
作為一名中國學(xué)生，我先問你一個類似的問題。
English words seem to be difficult to remember. Can students who take an English test write compositions or exams quickly? What if they want to use a word but don't know how to spell it?
英語單詞似乎很難記住，參加英語考試的學(xué)生能快速寫作文或考試嗎？如果他們想使用一個單詞，但不知道如何拼寫，該怎么辦？
Oh, you might say, 'different! Chinese characters are more complicated! Writing Chinese characters is like ghost symbols. Chinese characters have nothing to do with pronunciation. Chinese characters have many strokes... And so on.'
哦，你可能會說，“不一樣！漢字更復(fù)雜！書寫漢字就像鬼畫符。漢字與發(fā)音無關(guān)，漢字有很多筆畫……等等?！?/span>
Yes, as an English user, it is normal to think that Chinese characters are very complicated. But have you ever thought that English words are difficult for Chinese people to remember?
是的，作為一個英語用戶，認為漢字很復(fù)雜是正常的。但是你有沒有想過英語單詞對中國人來說似乎也很難記??？
Take myself as an example. Although I am not a very good student, I am smarter than ordinary Chinese students. More importantly, I started to learn English from grade one (age 6), which means I have been learning English for 15 years. But I still can't remember many character sequences of English words. I can only express my ideas in ordinary English words.
以我自己為例。雖然我不是一個非常優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，但我比一般的中國學(xué)生聰明。更重要的是，我從小學(xué)一年級（6歲）開始學(xué)習(xí)英語，這意味著我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語15年了。但我仍然記不起英語單詞的很多字符序列。我只能用普通的英語單詞來表達我的想法。
Therefore, your question is universal, but it is not specific to the Chinese. All people who use other foreign languages may have the same problem.
所以，你的問題是普遍的，但不是專門針對中國人的。所有使用其他外語的人可能都有同樣的問題。
I will answer your questions below, and then I will add my views on Chinese.
我將在下面回答你的問題，然后我將補充我對漢語的一些看法。
1. Chinese characters are complex to write? Yes and no. For students in Hongkong, Taiwan, chinese characters have a lot of strokes and are complex. But for students in mainland China, using simplified Chinese, they are not complex.
1.漢字書寫復(fù)雜嗎？是也不是。對于香港特區(qū)和臺灣地區(qū)的學(xué)生來說，漢字有很多筆畫，而且很復(fù)雜。但對于中國大陸的學(xué)生來說，使用簡體中文并不復(fù)雜。
塵 is a traditional Chinese character which means “dust”. 鹿 means “deer” and 土 meas “soil”. So 塵 means dust because dust is caused by a deer running on the soil. But in simplified Chinese, “dust” is written as 塵. 小 is “small”. Small soil is dust. It simplifies the character’s strokes but can also has the pictographic feature. Therefore, even kids in kindergarten are able to write 100 to 200 Chinese characters. For example, when I was about 5 years old, I can write 螞蟻, 大象 and so on.
塵 是一個繁體漢字，意思是“灰塵”。鹿，指“鹿”，土，是指“土壤”。所以塵，指灰塵，因為灰塵是由鹿在土壤上奔跑引起的。但在簡體中文中，“dust”寫為塵. 小 是“小的”。小土就是灰塵。它簡化了字符的筆劃，但也可以具有象形特征。因此，即使是幼兒園的孩子也能寫100到200個漢字。例如，當(dāng)我大約5歲時，我會寫螞蟻, 大象，等等。
2. Can Chinese students write compositions or exams quickly? As a student, whether you are a Chinese student or a student from an English speaking country, fast and clear writing is a basic skill. Are you worried that Chinese students are not accurate enough because they write articles in a short time? You needn't worry. Chinese itself has more meaning than English. Writing a Chinese character may take more time than writing an English word, but for an article describing a thing, the Chinese word is much shorter than the English word. Therefore, there is not much difference in the expression of information between Chinese articles and English articles written by students at the same time.
2.中國學(xué)生能快速手寫作文或考試嗎？對作為一名學(xué)生，無論你是中國學(xué)生還是英語國家的學(xué)生，快速清晰的寫作都是一項基本技能。你是否擔(dān)心中國學(xué)生寫的東西不夠準(zhǔn)確，因為他們寫文章的時間很短？你不必擔(dān)心。漢語本身比英語具有更多的含義。寫一個漢字可能比寫一個英文單詞要花更多的時間，但對于一篇描述一個事物的文章來說，中文的要比英文的短得多。因此，要求學(xué)生在同一時間內(nèi)手寫的中文文章和英文文章在表達信息方面沒有太大差異。
3. What do Chinese students do if they want to use a word but don’t know the characters? Well, if a Chinese student is a kid at grade 1 to grade 3 in a primary school, he would use pinyin to substitude a character which he doesn’t know how to write. For higher grade students, they always find another word to substitute the word they don't know how to write. For example, if I want to write 丑陋的男人(ugly man) but I don't know how to write the character 陋, I will use 難看 (not good looking) to substitute the word 丑陋, then 丑陋的男人 is changed to 難看的男人.
3.如果中國學(xué)生想使用一個單詞，但不知道該怎么做？好吧，如果一個中國學(xué)生是小學(xué)一年級到三年級的孩子，他會用拼音代替他不會寫的字符。當(dāng)學(xué)生大約在五年級到六年級時，他們能夠?qū)懗龃蠖鄶?shù)常用的字符。對于高年級學(xué)生，他們總是用另一個詞來代替他們不知道怎么寫的詞。例如，如果我想寫丑陋的男人（丑男）但我不知道怎么寫這個陋, 我將使用難看替換丑陋這個詞, 然后丑陋的男人 改為難看的男人。
Chinese people think English is difficult, and English speakers also think Chinese is difficult, because Chinese and English are two different language systems. If you don't have a language environment in which to use a language, it is very difficult to learn a language. For example, I have never come into contact with a completely English speaking environment. I learned English from textbooks, movies and the Internet. Although I can express my ideas in English, I still can't recognize many English words, and I always have grammar mistakes.
中國人認為英語很難，同時說英語的人通常也認為漢語很難，這是因為漢語和英語是兩種不同的語言系統(tǒng)。如果你沒有使用某種語言的語言環(huán)境，學(xué)習(xí)一門語言是很困難的。例如，我從未接觸過完全講英語的環(huán)境。我所學(xué)的英語都是從課本、電影和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上學(xué)到的。雖然我可以用英語表達我的想法，但我仍然不能識別很多英語單詞，而且我總是有語法錯誤。
Chinese just think English is difficult, while foreigners think that the difficulty of Chinese is hell. Why? Most people think that this is because Chinese is a pictographic language, which is difficult for phonetic users to learn. I don't think so. I think this is because the Chinese government attaches great importance to English learning. As I said, I began to learn English at the age of six. After I went to primary school, almost all Chinese students were required to learn English in primary school. English is a subject that runs through the study of Chinese students.
中國人只是認為英語比較難，而說外國人則認為漢語的難度簡直是地獄級別的。為什么？大多數(shù)人認為這是因為漢語是一種象形語言，語音使用者很難學(xué)習(xí)。我不這么認為，我認為這是因為中國政府非常重視英語學(xué)習(xí)。正如我所說的，我從六歲開始學(xué)習(xí)英語，在我上小學(xué)之后，幾乎所有的中國學(xué)生在上小學(xué)時都被要求學(xué)習(xí)英語。英語是貫穿中國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的一門學(xué)科。
The high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination are the two most important examinations for Chinese students. Both take English as the examination subject. What about western countries? I have never heard that western countries attach great importance to Chinese learning and take Chinese as an examination subject. The motivation of Chinese people to learn English is completely different from that of English speakers to learn Chinese.
高中入學(xué)考試和高考是中國學(xué)生最重要的兩項考試，都以英語為考試科目。西方國家呢？我從來沒有聽說過西方國家非常重視漢語學(xué)習(xí)，并將漢語作為考試科目。中國人學(xué)習(xí)英語的動機和說英語的人學(xué)習(xí)漢語的動機完全不同。
Now comes our question: how can Chinese people write foreign Chinese characters so quickly? It's amazing! No, it's not magic. Chinese students write Chinese characters every day. I remember when I was a child, one of my homework was to copy the Chinese characters I learned that day 10 times or more. If I learn ten words, I must write ten times. This kind of homework is done by primary school students.
下面來到我們的問題，中國人怎么能把外來漢字寫得這么快？太神奇了！不，這不是魔法。中國學(xué)生每天都要寫漢字。我記得當(dāng)我還是個孩子的時候，我的一個家庭作業(yè)就是把那天學(xué)的漢字抄10遍甚至更多。如果我學(xué)了10個字，我就必須寫10遍。這種作業(yè)是小學(xué)生做的。
Let's talk about preparing for the college entrance examination. Do you know how many words a Chinese student writes every day? I don't know the exact number, but I can tell you that a brand-new ballpoint pen can be used up in 1 to 2 days. If you have experienced a lot of training, you can write as fast as Chinese.
再說準(zhǔn)備高考吧。你知道一個中國學(xué)生每天寫多少字嗎？我不知道具體數(shù)字，但我可以告訴你，一支全新的圓珠筆可以在1到2天內(nèi)用完。如果你經(jīng)歷過大量的訓(xùn)練，你可以寫得和中文一樣快。
What I want to say is: no matter what kind of language or skill you learn, one thing is always right: practice makes perfect. In short, Chinese character writing is not a problem for Chinese students.
我想說的是：無論你學(xué)習(xí)什么樣的語言或技能，有一件事總是正確的：熟能生巧?？傊?，漢字書寫對中國學(xué)生來說不是問題。
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