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佐治亞州--美國(guó)東南部7個(gè)州之一

佐治亞州(Georgia,簡(jiǎn)稱GA),又譯喬治亞州,美國(guó)東南部7個(gè)州之一。北界田納西州和北卡羅來(lái)納州,南鄰佛羅里達(dá)州,東北與南卡羅來(lái)納州接壤,東南臨大西洋,西毗亞拉巴馬州。2020年5月,面積約15.4萬(wàn)平方公里,居全美第24位,人口約1061萬(wàn),華人華僑約15萬(wàn)。[2]首府亞特蘭大

佐治亞州的州鳥是棕色長(zhǎng)尾鳥。州花是查拉幾玫瑰。1996年亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)在這里舉辦。

佐治亞州

基本信息編輯

  • 外文名

  • Georgia

  • 別名

  • 南方帝國(guó)州

  • 行政類別

  • 方言

  • 英語(yǔ)

  • 中文名

  • 佐治亞州

地理信息

  • 面積

  • 152,488平方公里

  • 氣候類型

  • 副熱帶濕潤(rùn)氣候

  • 電話區(qū)號(hào)

  • 001404 州花:查拉幾玫瑰花 州鳥:棕色長(zhǎng) 尾鶯州樹:活橡樹

  • 郵政區(qū)碼

  • GA

人口信息

  • 人口

  • 約1061萬(wàn)(2020年5月)

設(shè)施建筑

  • 著名景點(diǎn)

  • 佐治亞議會(huì)大廈、奧運(yùn)百年紀(jì)念公園、石山公園黃金群島、圣西蒙島、薩凡納

其他信息

  • 加入聯(lián)邦時(shí)間

  • 1788年1月2日(第4州)

歷史沿革
編輯
佐治亞州州徽
佐治亞州早期為印第安人聚居地,最初為西班牙人發(fā)現(xiàn)。1733年英國(guó)移民于此地開墾,是英國(guó)最初在北美建立的第13個(gè)殖民地,以英王喬治二世的名字命名。
1788年佐治亞批準(zhǔn)了聯(lián)邦憲法,成為第四個(gè)加入美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的州。
1861年初脫離聯(lián)邦,成為南方邦聯(lián)的最初成員之一,是美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的主要戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。
1870年重新并入聯(lián)邦。
行政區(qū)劃
編輯
亞特蘭大是該州首府。該州有159個(gè)縣,每個(gè)縣有一個(gè)縣府和多個(gè)市。
County
FIPS code
County seat
Established
Origin
Etymology
Density
Population
Area
Map
Appling County
001
Baxley
1818
Land ceded by theCreek Indiansin theTreaty of Fort Jacksonin 1814 and the Treaty of the Creek Agency in 1818.
ColonelDaniel Appling(1787 – 1818), a hero of theWar of 1812.
36.09
18,368
509sqmi
  (1,318km)

Atkinson County
003
Pearson
1917
Clinch and Coffee Counties
William Yates Atkinson(1854 – 99),governor of Georgia(1894 – 98) and speaker of theGeorgia House of Representatives.
24.51
8,284
338sqmi
  (875km)

Bacon County
005
Alma
1914
Appling, Pierce and Ware Counties
Augustus Octavius Bacon(1839 – 1914), a U.S. Senator (1895 – 1914) andPresident pro tempore of the United States Senate.
39.29
11,198
285sqmi
  (738km)

Baker County
007
Newton
1825
Early County
Colonel John Baker (died 1792), a hero of theAmerican Revolutionary War.
9.81
3,366
343sqmi
  (888km)

Baldwin County
009
Milledgeville
1803
Creek cessions of 1802 and 1805.
Abraham Baldwin(1754 – 1807), aFounding Father, a U.S. Senator (1799 – 1807), one of the Georgia delegates who signed theU.S. Constitution.
179.72
46,367
258sqmi
  (668km)

Banks County
011
Homer
1858
Franklin and Habersham Counties
Dr.Richard Banks(1784 – 1850), a local physician noted for treating natives with smallpox.
78.27
18,316
234sqmi
  (606km)

Barrow County
013
Winder
1914
Gwinnett, Jackson and Walton counties.
"Uncle Dave"David Crenshaw Barrow Jr.(1852 – 1929), thechancellorof theUniversity of Georgia(1906 – 29).
433.14
70,169
162sqmi
  (420km)

Bartow County
015
Cartersville
1832
Created from a portion of Cherokee County in 1832 and originally called Cass County after GeneralLewis Cass.
GeneralFrancis S. Bartow(1816 – 61),Confederatepolitical leader, and the first Confederate general killed in theAmerican Civil War.
218.83
100,661
460sqmi
  (1,191km)

Ben Hill County
017
Fitzgerald
1906
Irwin and Wilcox counties.
Benjamin Harvey Hill(1823 – 82), a U.S. Senator (1877 – 82).
69.60
17,538
252sqmi
  (653km)

Berrien County
019
Nashville
1856
Coffee, Irwin, and Lowndes counties.
John MacPherson Berrien(1781 – 1856), a U.S. Senator and theU.S. Attorney General.
42.13
19,041
452sqmi
  (1,171km)

Bibb County
021
Macon
1822
portions of Houston, Jones, Monroe, and Twiggs counties.
Dr.William Wyatt Bibb(1780 – 1820), the firstGovernor of Alabamaand a U.S. Senator.
625.85
156,462
250sqmi
  (647km)

Bleckley County
023
Cochran
1912
Pulaski County.
Logan Edwin Bleckley(1827 – 1907),Georgia State Supreme CourtChief Justice.
59.51
12,913
217sqmi
  (562km)

Brantley County
025
Nahunta
1920
Charlton, Pierce, and Wayne counties.
William Gordon Brantley(1860 – 1934), U.S. Congressman.
41.86
18,587
444sqmi
  (1,150km)

Brooks County
027
Quitman
1858
Lowndes and Thomas counties
CaptainPreston S. Brooks(1819 – 57), a hero of theMexican–American WarandCongressmanfromSouth Carolina.
31.18
15,403
494sqmi
  (1,279km)

Bryan County
029
Pembroke
1793
Chatham County
Jonathan Bryan (1708 – 88), a colonial settler and famous state representative.
72.88
32,214
442sqmi
  (1,145km)

Bulloch County
031
Statesboro
1796
Bryan and Screven Counties
Archibald Bulloch(1729 – 77),Revolutionary Warsoldier, Speaker of theGeorgia House of Representatives, and actinggovernorof Georgia (1775 – 77).
106.43
72,694
683sqmi
  (1,769km)

Burke County
033
Waynesboro
1777
Originally organized as St George Parish.
Edmund Burke(1729 – 97), British political philosopher andMember of Parliamentwho was sympathetic to the cause of US independence.
27.83
23,125
831sqmi
  (2,152km)

Butts County
035
Jackson
1825
Henry and Monroe counties.
CaptainSamuel Butts(1777 – 1814), a hero of theCreek War.
125.80
23,524
187sqmi
  (484km)

Calhoun County
037
Morgan
1854
Early and Baker counties.
John C. Calhoun(1782 – 1850), a U.S. Congressman, a U.S. Senator, andVice President of the United StatesfromSouth Carolina.
23.23
6,504
280sqmi
  (725km)

Camden County
039
Woodbine
1777
St Mary and St Thomas Parishes.
SirCharles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden(1714 – 94),Lord ChancellorofGreat Britainwho was sympathetic to the cause of the Revolution.
81.59
51,402
630sqmi
  (1,632km)

Candler County
043
Metter
1914
Bulloch, Emanuel and Tattnall counties.
Allen Daniel Candler(1834 – 1910), state legislator, U.S. Congressman and theGovernorof Georgia (1898 – 1902).
45.01
11,117
247sqmi
  (640km)

Carroll County
045
Carrollton
1826
Created by the state legislature from lands ceded by the Creek Indians in 1825 in theTreaty of Indian Springs.
Charles Carroll(1737 – 1832), the last surviving signer of theDeclaration of Independence.
223.61
111,580
499sqmi
  (1,292km)

Catoosa County
047
Ringgold
1853
Walker and Whitfield counties.
Chief Catoosa, aCherokeechief.
401.52
65,046
162sqmi
  (420km)

Charlton County
049
Folkston
1854
Camden County.
Robert Milledge Charlton(1807 – 54), a jurist, a U.S. Senator (1852 – 54), and the mayor ofSavannah.
17.02
13,295
781sqmi
  (2,023km)

Chatham County
051
Savannah
1777
Christ Church and St Philip Parishes.
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham(1708 – 78),British Prime Ministersympathetic to the Revolutionary cause.
628.26
276,434
440sqmi
  (1,140km)

Chattahoochee County
053
Cusseta
1854
Muscogee and Marion counties.
Chattahoochee River, which forms the county's (and the state's) western border.
52.36
13,037
249sqmi
  (645km)

Chattooga County
055
Summerville
1838
Walker and Floyd counties.
Chattooga River.
81.93
25,725
314sqmi
  (813km)

Cherokee County
057
Canton
1831
Cherokee Cession of 1831.
CherokeeNation, which controlled this part of the state autonomously until 1831.
521.97
221,315
424sqmi
  (1,098km)

Clarke County
059
Athens
1801
Jackson County.
Elijah Clarke(1733 – 99), a Revolutionary War hero.
993.93
120,266
121sqmi
  (313km)

Clay County
061
Fort Gaines
1854
Randolph and Early counties.
Henry Clay(1777 – 1852), theSecretary of State, theSpeaker of the House of Representatives, and a U.S. Senator from Kentucky.
15.98
3,116
195sqmi
  (505km)

Clayton County
063
Jonesboro
1858
Fayette and Henry counties.
Augustin Smith Clayton(1783 – 1839), a local jurist and U.S. Congressman.
1,859.36
265,888
143sqmi
  (370km)

Clinch County
065
Homerville
1850
Lowndes and Ware counties.
GeneralDuncan Lamont Clinch(1784 – 1849), a hero of theWar of 1812and theSeminole War, and a U.S. Congressman.
8.30
6,718
809sqmi
  (2,095km)

Cobb County
067
Marietta
1832
Cherokee County
ColonelThomas Willis Cobb(1784 – 1835), a hero of theWar of 1812and a U.S. Congressman.
2,080.71
707,442
340sqmi
  (881km)

Coffee County
069
Douglas
1854
Clinch, Irwin, Telfair and Ware counties.
GeneralJohn E. Coffee(1782 – 1836), a hero of theWar of 1812.
72.07
43,170
599sqmi
  (1,551km)

Colquitt County
071
Moultrie
1856
Thomas and Lowndes counties.
Walter Terry Colquitt(1799 – 1855), a Methodist pastor and a U.S. Senator.
83.58
46,137
552sqmi
  (1,430km)

Columbia County
073
Appling
1790
Richmond County
Christopher Columbus(1446 – 1506), explorer.
453.89
131,627
290sqmi
  (751km)

Cook County
075
Adel
1918
Berrien County.
GeneralPhilip Cook(1817 – 94),Confederategeneral andsecretary of state.
73.90
16,923
229sqmi
  (593km)

Coweta County
077
Newnan
1826
Created on Creek lands ceded in 1825 in the treaty of Indian Springs and Creek Cessions of 1826.
Coweta tribe of theCreekNation and their village near Columbus.
295.55
130,929
443sqmi
  (1,147km)

Crawford County
079
Knoxville
1822
Houston County.
William Harris Crawford(1772 – 1834), a U.S. Senator, an ambassador to France, and theSecretary of the Treasury.
38.77
12,600
325sqmi
  (842km)

Crisp County
081
Cordele
1905
Dooly County.
Charles Frederick Crisp(1845 – 96),Speaker of the House of Representatives.
86.15
23,606
274sqmi
  (710km)

Dade County
083
Trenton
1837
Walker County.
MajorFrancis L. Dade(1793 – 1835), a hero of theSeminole War.
94.77
16,490
174sqmi
  (451km)

Dawson County
085
Dawsonville
1857
Gilmer and Lumpkin counties.
William Crosby Dawson(1798 – 1857), a U.S. Senator (1849 – 55), and a state legislator.
206.27
22,422
211sqmi
  (546km)

Decatur County
087
Bainbridge
1823
Early County.
CommodoreStephen Decatur(1779 – 1820), a naval hero of the actions against theBarbary Piratesin the early 19th century.
46.08
27,509
597sqmi
  (1,546km)

DeKalb County
089
Decatur
1822
Henry, Gwinnett, and Fayette counties.
"Baron"Johann DeKalb(1721 – 80) a German who accompanied theMarquis de Lafayetteand was inspector general of the Colonial Army.
2,638.39
707,089
268sqmi
  (694km)

Dodge County
091
Eastman
1870
Montgomery, Pulaski and Telfair counties.
William Earle Dodge(1805 – 1883), a temperance leader and businessman from [New York, and a cofounder ofPhelps, Dodge, and Company, a mining and metals company.
42.57
21,329
501sqmi
  (1,298km)

Dooly County
093
Vienna
1821
Creek Cession of 1821.
ColonelJohn Dooly(1740 – 80), a hero of theAmerican Revolution.
36.43
14,318
393sqmi
  (1,018km)

Dougherty County
095
Albany
1853
Baker County.
Charles Dougherty(1801 – 53), a noted judge fromAthens, Georgia.
286.37
94,501
330sqmi
  (855km)

Douglas County
097
Douglasville
1870
Campbell and Carroll counties.
Stephen Arnold Douglas(1813 – 61), anIllinoisDemocraticCongressman who ran againstAbraham Lincolnin theUnited States presidential election, 1860and lost.
673.22
133,971
199sqmi
  (515km)

Early County
099
Blakely
1818
Creek Cession of 1814.
Peter Early(1773 – 1817), the tenthgovernorof Georgia.
20.73
10,594
511sqmi
  (1,323km)

Echols County
101
Statenville
1858
Clinch and Lowndes Counties
General Robert M. Echols(1798 – 1847), a state legislator and a hero of theMexican-American War.
9.87
3,988
404sqmi
  (1,046km)

Effingham County
103
Springfield
1777
St Mathew and St Philip Parishes.
Thomas Howard, the ThirdEarl of Effingham(1746–1791), who was sympathetic with the independence movement.
111.03
53,293
480sqmi
  (1,243km)

Elbert County
105
Elberton
1790
Wilkes County
Samuel Elbert(1740 – 88) a general in theRevolutionary War, who became thegovernorof Georgia in 1785
53.34
19,684
369sqmi
  (956km)

Emanuel County
107
Swainsboro
1812
Bulloch and Montgomery Counties
ColonelDavid Emanuel(1744 – 1808), who became thegovernorof Georgia in 1801.
33.38
22,898
686sqmi
  (1,777km)

Evans County
109
Claxton
1914
Bulloch and Tattnall County
GeneralClement Anselm Evans(1832 – 1911), a hero of theWar between the Statesand the commander in chief of theUnited Confederate Veterans.
57.78
10,689
185sqmi
  (479km)

Fannin County
111
Blue Ridge
1854
Gilmer and Union Counties
ColonelJames Walker Fannin Jr.(1809 – 36), a hero of theTexas Revolution.
60.86
23,492
386sqmi
  (1,000km)

Fayette County
113
Fayetteville
1821
Creek Cession of 1821.
Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette(1757 – 1834), a French hero of theRevolutionary War.
545.81
107,524
197sqmi
  (510km)

Floyd County
115
Rome
1832
Cherokee County
GeneralJohn Floyd(1769 – 1839), soldier and a U.S. Congressman.
187.48
96,177
513sqmi
  (1,329km)

Forsyth County
117
Cumming
1832
Cherokee County
John Forsyth(1780 – 1841),Secretary of Stateunder PresidentMartin Van Buren.
831.54
187,928
226sqmi
  (585km)

Franklin County
119
Carnesville
1784
Cherokee and Creek Cessions of 1783
Benjamin Franklin(1706–1790), writer, inventor, publisher, and aFounding Fatherof the United States.
83.25
21,894
263sqmi
  (681km)

Fulton County
121
Atlanta
1853
DeKalb County + the former Campbell and Milton Counties and a portion of Cobb County
Robert Fulton, an engineer and the inventor of thesteamboat.
1,848.34
977,773
529sqmi
  (1,370km)

Gilmer County
123
Ellijay
1832
Cherokee County
George Rockingham Gilmer(1780 – 1859), 16thgovernorof Georgia.
66.02
28,190
427sqmi
  (1,106km)

Glascock County
125
Gibson
1857
Warren County
GeneralThomas Glascock(1780 – 1841), a hero of theWar of 1812and theSeminole Warof 1817, and a U.S. Congressman.
21.82
3,142
144sqmi
  (373km)

Glynn County
127
1777
St David and St Patrick Parishes
John Glynn(1722 – 79), BritishMember of ParliamentandSerjeant-at-law, who was sympathetic with the cause of American independence.
192.00
81,022
422sqmi
  (1,093km)

Gordon County
129
Calhoun
1850
Cass (now Bartow) and Floyd Counties
William Washington Gordon(1796–1842), first president of theCentral of Georgia Railroad.
157.09
55,766
355sqmi
  (919km)

Grady County
131
Cairo
1905
Decatur and Thomas Counties
Henry Woodfin Grady(1850 – 89), famous orator and managing editor of theAtlanta Constitution.
55.55
25,440
458sqmi
  (1,186km)

Greene County
133
Greensboro
1786
Washington County
GeneralNathanael Greene(1742 – 86), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
41.47
16,092
388sqmi
  (1,005km)

Gwinnett County
135
Lawrenceville
1818
Cherokee Cession of 1817 and Creek Cession of 1818.
Button Gwinnett(1735–1777), one of Georgia's delegates to theContinental Congresswho signed theDeclaration of Independence.
1,944.68
842,046
433sqmi
  (1,121km)

Habersham County
137
Clarkesville
1818
Cherokee Cessions of 1817 and 1819
ColonelJoseph Habersham(1751 – 1815), a hero of theRevolutionary WarandU.S. Postmaster Generalin the Cabinet ofGeorge Washington.
156.55
43,520
278sqmi
  (720km)

Hall County
139
Gainesville
1818
Cherokee Cessions of 1817 and 1819
Dr.Lyman Hall(1724 – 90), one of Georgia's delegates to theContinental Congresswho signed theDeclaration of Independence. He became thegovernorof Georgia in 1783.
470.60
185,416
394sqmi
  (1,020km)

Hancock County
141
Sparta
1793
Greene and Washington counties
John Hancock(1737 – 93), President of theContinental Congressand the first signer of theDeclaration of Independence.
19.02
8,996
473sqmi
  (1,225km)

Haralson County
143
Buchanan
1856
Carroll and Polk Counties
GeneralHugh Anderson Haralson(1805 – 54), U.S. Congressman.
100.71
28,400
282sqmi
  (730km)

Harris County
145
Hamilton
1827
Muscogee and Troup counties
Charles Harris (1772 – 1827), a prominent attorney fromSavannah.
70.15
32,550
464sqmi
  (1,202km)

Hart County
147
Hartwell
1853
Elbert and Franklin counties
Nancy Morgan Hart(1735 – 1830), a heroine of theRevolutionary War.
110.00
25,518
232sqmi
  (601km)

Heard County
149
Franklin
1830
Carroll, Coweta and Troup Counties
Stephen Heard(1740 – 1815), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
39.30
11,633
296sqmi
  (767km)

Henry County
151
McDonough
1821
Creek Cession of 1821
Patrick Henry(1736 – 99), prominent lawyer, orator, and aFounding Fatherof the United States.
647.22
209,053
323sqmi
  (837km)

Houston County
153
Perry
1821
Creek Cession of 1821
John Houstoun(1744–1796), member of theContinental Congresswho becamegovernorof Georgia in 1778.
387.63
146,136
377sqmi
  (976km)

Irwin County
155
Ocilla
1818
Creek Cessions of 1814 and 1818
Jared Irwin(1751 – 1818), thegovernorwho rescinded theYazoo Actin 1796.
26.89
9,600
357sqmi
  (925km)

Jackson County
157
1796
Franklin County
GeneralJames Jackson(1757 – 1806), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
177.11
60,571
342sqmi
  (886km)

Jasper County
159
Monticello
1807
Baldwin (FKA Randolph County 1807 – 12)
SergeantWilliam Jasper(1750–1779), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
36.84
13,630
370sqmi
  (958km)

Jeff Davis County
161
Hazlehurst
1905
Appling and Coffee counties
Jefferson Davis(1808 – 89), the first and onlyPresident of the Confederate States of America.
45.51
15,156
333sqmi
  (862km)

Jefferson County
163
Louisville
1796
Burke and Warren Counties
Thomas Jefferson(1743 – 1826), thirdPresident of the United States.
31.12
16,432
528sqmi
  (1,368km)

Jenkins County
165
Millen
1905
Bulloch, Burke, Emanuel, and Screven Counties
Charles Jones Jenkins(1805 – 83),governorof Georgia, who was the author of the famousGeorgia Platformof 1850.
26.32
9,213
350sqmi
  (906km)

Johnson County
167
Wrightsville
1858
Emanuel, Laurens and Washington counties
Herschel Vespasian Johnson(1812 – 80), a U.S. Senator and theGovernor of Georgia.
32.56
9,897
304sqmi
  (787km)

Jones County
169
Gray
1807
Baldwin County
James Jones(1769 – 1801), a U.S. Congressman.
72.53
28,577
394sqmi
  (1,020km)

Lamar County
171
Barnesville
1920
Monroe and Pike Counties
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar(1825 – 93), a U.S. Senator and an Associate Justice of theU.S. Supreme Court.
97.61
18,057
185sqmi
  (479km)

Lanier County
173
Lakeland
1920
Berrien, Clinch and Lowndes Countries
Sidney Lanier(1842–1881), famous attorney, linguist, mathematician,and musician.
55.61
10,400
187sqmi
  (484km)

Laurens County
175
1807
Wilkinson County
ColonelJohn Laurens(1754 – 82), an aide toGeorge Washingtonduring theRevolutionary War.
59.09
48,041
813sqmi
  (2,106km)

Lee County
177
Leesburg
1826
Creek Cessions of 1826
GeneralRichard Henry Lee(1732–1794), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
80.75
28,746
356sqmi
  (922km)

Liberty County
179
Hinesville
1777
St Andrew, St James, and St John Parishes
Named in honor of the noted patriotism of the citizens ofMidwayin their support of the cause of colonial independence.
126.15
65,471
519sqmi
  (1,344km)

Lincoln County
181
Lincolnton
1796
Wilkes County
GeneralBenjamin Lincoln(1733 – 1810), a hero of theRevolutionary Warwho was later assigned to the suppression ofShays' Rebellion.
36.67
7,737
211sqmi
  (546km)

Long County
183
Ludowici
1920
Liberty County
Dr.Crawford Williamson Long(1815 – 78), in 1842 the first man to usediethyl etheras ananestheticfor dental surgery.
40.02
16,048
401sqmi
  (1,039km)

Lowndes County
185
Valdosta
1825
Irwin County
William Jones Lowndes (1782 – 1822), a prominent figure in the affairs ofSouth Carolinathroughout the formative years of the United States.
227.29
114,552
504sqmi
  (1,305km)

Lumpkin County
187
Dahlonega
1832
Cherokee, Habersham, and Hall Counties
Wilson Lumpkin(1783 – 1870), theGovernor of Georgiaand a U.S. Senator.
107.79
30,611
284sqmi
  (736km)

Macon County
193
Oglethorpe
1837
Houston and Marion Counties
GeneralNathaniel Macon(1758 – 1837), Speaker of the House of Representatives and a U.S. Senator.
35.39
14,263
403sqmi
  (1,044km)

Madison County
195
Danielsville
1811
Clarke, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson and Oglethorpe Counties
James Madison(1751 – 1836), the fourthPresident of the United Statesand the chief writer of theU.S. Constitution.
98.32
27,922
284sqmi
  (736km)

Marion County
197
Buena Vista
1827
Lee and Muscogee Counties
GeneralFrancis Marion(1732 – 95), the "Swamp Fox," a hero of theRevolutionary War.
23.74
8,711
367sqmi
  (951km)

McDuffie County
189
Thomson
1870
Columbia and Warren
George McDuffie(1790 – 1851), famous orator andgovernor of South Carolina.
83.32
21,663
260sqmi
  (673km)

McIntosh County
191
Darien
1793
Liberty County
GeneralLachlan McIntosh(1727 – 1806), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
31.89
13,839
434sqmi
  (1,124km)

Meriwether County
199
Greenville
1827
Formed from Troup County
GeneralDavid Meriwether(1755 – 1822), a hero of theRevolutionary Warand a U.S. Congressman.
42.29
21,273
503sqmi
  (1,303km)

Miller County
201
Colquitt
1856
Baker and Early Counties
Andrew Jackson Miller (1806 – 56), president of theMedical College of Georgia.
21.09
5,969
283sqmi
  (733km)

Mitchell County
205
Camilla
1857
Baker County
Gen. Henry Mitchell (1760 – 1839), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
45.20
23,144
512sqmi
  (1,326km)

Monroe County
207
Forsyth
1821
Creek Cession of 1821
James Monroe(1758 – 1831), the fifthPresident of the United Statesand the creator of theMonroe Doctrineof 1823.
67.27
26,637
396sqmi
  (1,026km)

Montgomery County
209
Mount Vernon
1793
Washington County
GeneralRichard Montgomery(1738 – 75), hero of theRevolutionary War.
36.38
8,913
245sqmi
  (635km)

Morgan County
211
Madison
1807
Baldwin County
GeneralDaniel Morgan(1736 – 1802), a hero of theRevolutionary Warand U.S. Congressman.
51.09
17,881
350sqmi
  (906km)

Murray County
213
Chatsworth
1832
Cherokee County
Thomas W. Murray (1790 – 1832), famousstate legislator.
114.51
39,392
344sqmi
  (891km)

Muscogee County
215
Columbus
1826
Creek Cession of 1826
Muskogeeethnic group, to which theCreekandSeminoleNations belong.
918.58
198,413
216sqmi
  (559km)

Newton County
217
Covington
1821
Henry, Jasper, and Walton Counties
SergeantJohn Newton(1755 – 80), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
367.77
101,505
276sqmi
  (715km)

Oconee County
219
Watkinsville
1875
Clarke County
Oconee River, which forms its eastern boundary.
180.74
33,619
186sqmi
  (482km)

Oglethorpe County
221
Lexington
1793
Wilkes County
GeneralJames Edward Oglethorpe(1696 – 1785), the founder of the Colony of Georgia.
33.15
14,618
441sqmi
  (1,142km)

Paulding County
223
1832
Cherokee County
John Paulding (1759 – 1818), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
461.15
144,800
314sqmi
  (813km)

Peach County
225
Fort Valley
1924
Houston and Macon Counties
Its location inCentral Georgiais one of the richest peach-producing regions in the country.
182.93
27,622
151sqmi
  (391km)

Pickens County
227
Jasper
1853
Cherokee and Gilmer counties
GeneralAndrew Pickens(1739 – 1817), a hero of theRevolutionary Warand U.S. Congressman.
126.16
29,268
232sqmi
  (601km)

Pierce County
229
Blackshear
1857
Appling and Ware Counties
Franklin Pierce(1804–1869), fourteenthPresident of the United States.
54.94
18,844
343sqmi
  (888km)

Pike County
231
Zebulon
1822
Monroe County
GeneralZebulon Pike(1779 – 1813), explorer and a hero of theWar of 1812.
81.70
17,810
218sqmi
  (565km)

Polk County
233
Cedartown
1851
Floyd and Paulding Counties
James Knox Polk(1795 – 1849), eleventhPresident of the United States.
132.44
41,188
311sqmi
  (805km)

Pulaski County
235
Hawkinsville
1808
Laurens County
CountKazimierz Pu?askiofPoland(1748 – 79), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
47.45
11,720
247sqmi
  (640km)

Putnam County
237
Eatonton
1807
Baldwin County
GeneralIsrael Putnam(1718 – 90), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
61.62
21,198
344sqmi
  (891km)

Quitman County
239
Georgetown
1858
Randolph and Stewart counties
GeneralJohn Anthony Quitman(1799 – 1858), a hero of theMexican-American War.
15.82
2,404
152sqmi
  (394km)

Rabun County
241
Clayton
1819
Cherokee Cession of 1819
William Rabun(1771 – 1819),Governor of Georgia(1817 – 19).
43.93
16,297
371sqmi
  (961km)

Randolph County
243
Cuthbert
1828
Lee County
John Randolph of Roanoke(1773 – 1833), a U.S. Congressman.
17.08
7,327
429sqmi
  (1,111km)

Richmond County
245
Augusta
1777
St Paul Parish
Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond(1735 – 1806), who was sympathetic to the cause of colonial independence.
625.27
202,587
324sqmi
  (839km)

Rockdale County
247
Conyers
1870
Henry and Newton counties
Rockdale Church, which was so named for the subterranean bed ofgranitethat underlies this region of the state.
655.11
85,820
131sqmi
  (339km)

Schley County
249
Ellaville
1857
Marion and Sumter counties
William Schley(1786 – 1858),governor of Georgia(1835 – 37).
29.70
4,990
168sqmi
  (435km)

Screven County
251
Sylvania
1793
Burke and Effingham Counties
General James Screven (1744–1778), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
21.92
14,202
648sqmi
  (1,678km)

Seminole County
253
Donalsonville
1920
Decatur and Early Counties
SeminoleNation
37.59
8,947
238sqmi
  (616km)

Spalding County
255
Griffin
1851
Fayette, Henry, and Pike County
Thomas Spalding(1774 – 1851), U.S. Congressman, state legislator, and agriculturalist
322.55
63,865
198sqmi
  (513km)

Stephens County
257
Toccoa
1905
Franklin and Habersham Counties
Alexander Stephens(1812 – 83), a U.S. Congressman, theGovernor of Georgia, and the first and only Vice President of theConfederate States of America.
144.64
25,891
179sqmi
  (464km)

Stewart County
259
Lumpkin
1830
Randolph County
GeneralDaniel Stewart(1759 – 1829), a hero of theRevolutionary Warand theWar of 1812.
13.16
6,042
459sqmi
  (1,189km)

Sumter County
261
Americus
1831
Lee County
GeneralThomas Sumter(1734 – 1832), the "Fighting Gamecock," a hero of theRevolutionary War.
65.06
31,554
485sqmi
  (1,256km)

Talbot County
263
Talbotton
1827
Muscogee County
Matthew Talbot(1762 – 1827), served in theGeorgia State Senatefor 15 years, including two years as the President of the Senate, and theGovernor of Georgiafor two weeks in 1819.
16.58
6,517
393sqmi
  (1,018km)

Taliaferro County
265
Crawfordville
1825
Greene, Hancock, Oglethorpe, Warren, and Wilkes Counties
ColonelBenjamin Taliaferro(1750 – 1821), a U.S. Congressman and a hero of theRevolutionary War.
8.62
1,680
195sqmi
  (505km)

Tattnall County
267
Reidsville
1801
Montgomery County
Josiah Tattnall(1764 – 1803), a U.S. Senator and theGovernor of Georgia.
52.45
25,384
484sqmi
  (1,254km)

Taylor County
269
Butler
1852
Macon, Marion and Talbot Counties
Zachary Taylor(1784 – 1850), the twelfthPresident of the United States.
22.28
8,420
378sqmi
  (979km)

Telfair County
271
McRae
1807
Wilkinson County
Edward Telfair(1735 – 1807), the secondGovernor of Georgiafollowing the establishment of the United States.
37.07
16,349
441sqmi
  (1,142km)

Terrell County
273
Dawson
1856
Lee and Randolph Counties
Dr.William Terrell(1778 – 1855), U.S. Congressman.
26.92
9,045
336sqmi
  (870km)

Thomas County
275
Thomasville
1825
Decatur and Irwin Counties
GeneralJett Thomas(1776 – 1817), a hero of theWar of 1812.
81.61
44,724
548sqmi
  (1,419km)

Tift County
277
Tifton
1905
Berrien, Irwin and Worth Counties
ColonelNelson Tift(1810 – 91), a captain in theConfederate States Navyand U.S. Congressman.
154.96
41,064
265sqmi
  (686km)

Toombs County
279
Lyons
1905
Emanuel, Tattnall, and Montgomery Counties
GeneralRobert Toombs(1810 – 85), a U.S. Senator and theConfederate States Secretary of State.
74.43
27,315
367sqmi
  (951km)

Towns County
281
Hiawassee
1856
Rabun and Union Counties
George Washington Towns(1801 – 54),governor of Georgiaduring theantebellum period.
63.22
10,495
166sqmi
  (430km)

Treutlen County
283
Soperton
1917
Emanuel and Montgomery Counties
John A. Treutlen(1726 – 82), the first electedGovernor of Georgia(1777 – 78).
33.68
6,769
201sqmi
  (521km)

Troup County
285
Lagrange
1826
Creek Cession of 1826
George M. Troup(1780 – 1856), theGovernor of Georgia(1823 – 27) and a U.S. Senator.
165.38
68,468
414sqmi
  (1,072km)

Turner County
287
Ashburn
1905
Dooly, Irwin, Wilcox and Worth Counties
CaptainHenry Gray Turner(1839 – 1904), a U.S. Congressman and a hero of theWar between the States.
29.41
8,410
286sqmi
  (741km)

Twiggs County
289
Jeffersonville
1809
Wilkinson County
GeneralJohn Twiggs(1750 – 1816), a hero of theRevolutionary Warand theGovernor of Georgia.
23.46
8,447
360sqmi
  (932km)

Union County
291
Blairsville
1832
Cherokee County
Federalunion of the states.
66.41
21,451
323sqmi
  (837km)

Upson County
293
Thomaston
1824
Crawford and Pike Counties
Stephen Upson(1786 – 1824), a notedstate legislator.
81.69
26,630
326sqmi
  (844km)

Walker County
295
Lafayette
1833
Murray County
MajorFreeman Walker(1780 – 1827), a U.S. Senator (1819 – 1821).
152.68
68,094
446sqmi
  (1,155km)

Walton County
297
Monroe
1818
Creek Cession of 1818
George Walton(1749 – 1804), one of Georgia's delegates to theContinental Congresswho signed theDeclaration of Independence.
257.07
84,575
329sqmi
  (852km)

Ware County
299
Waycross
1824
Appling County
Nicholas Ware(1769 – 1824), a U.S. Senator (1821 – 24).
39.67
35,821
903sqmi
  (2,339km)

Warren County
301
Warrenton
1793
Columbia, Hancock, Richmond, and Wilkes Counties
GeneralJoseph Warren(1741 – 75), a hero of theRevolutionary War.
19.50
5,578
286sqmi
  (741km)

Washington County
303
Sandersville
1784
Creek Cession of 1783
George Washington(1732 – 99), the firstPresident of the United States, although named after him as a general.
30.70
20,879
680sqmi
  (1,761km)

Wayne County
305
Jesup
1803
Creek Cession of 1802
GeneralAnthony Wayne(1745 – 96) -- known as "Mad Anthony Wayne". A U.S. Congressman and a hero of theRevolutionary Warand theNorthwest Indian War.
46.98
30,305
645sqmi
  (1,671km)

Webster County
307
Preston
1853
Stewart County (Formally Kinchafoonee)
Daniel Webster(1782 – 1852),U.S. Secretary of State, supportedHenry Clay'sCompromise of 1850.
13.30
2,793
210sqmi
  (544km)

Wheeler County
309
Alamo
1912
Montgomery County
GeneralJoseph Wheeler(1836 – 1906), a U.S. Congressman and a hero of theWar Between the Statesand theSpanish–American War.
26.47
7,888
298sqmi
  (772km)

White County
311
Cleveland
1857
Habersham County
Colonel John White, a hero of theRevolutionary War.
113.87
27,556
242sqmi
  (627km)

Whitfield County
313
Dalton
1851
Murray County
George Whitefield(1714 – 70), a noted pastor who established theBethesda OrphanagenearSavannah.
356.41
103,359
290sqmi
  (751km)

Wilcox County
315
Abbeville
1857
Dooly, Irwin, and Pulaski counties
General Mark Wilcox (1800 – 50), a noted soldier andstate legislator.
23.86
9,068
380sqmi
  (984km)

Wilkes County
317
Washington
1777
Cherokee and Creek Cessions of 1773
John Wilkes(1727 – 97), a BritishMember of Parliamentwho sympathized with the cause of American independence.
21.39
10,076
471sqmi
  (1,220km)

Wilkinson County
319
Irwinton
1803
Creek Cessions of 1802 and 1805
GeneralJames Wilkinson(1757 – 1825), a hero of theRevolutionary Warand of theWar of 1812.
21.43
9,577
447sqmi
  (1,158km)

Worth County
321
Sylvester
1853
Dooly and Irwin Counties
GeneralWilliam J. Worth(1794 – 1849), a hero of theMexican-American War.
38.14
21,741
570sqmi
  (1,476km)

地理環(huán)境
編輯
氣候
佐治亞州屬亞熱帶濕潤(rùn)氣候,由于緯度的關(guān)系,并靠近墨西哥灣的暖水海洋,全年氣候宜人,夏天氣溫在27℃~35℃之間,冬天佐治亞北部會(huì)有少量降雪。年平均降水量為1270毫米。
地貌
佐州北部屬蘭嶺山脈,地勢(shì)較高,中部為彼得蒙山麓,地勢(shì)由西向西南逐漸降低,東南部為沿海平原。
自然資源
編輯
佐治亞州有各種礦產(chǎn)資源(粘土、大型花崗巖、大理石、長(zhǎng)石、金礦、重晶石、錳礦、鋁土礦、漂白土、瓷土、斑脫土、煤礦、藍(lán)晶石、石灰石云母石)、森林以及淡水資源。佐治亞州森林覆蓋面積達(dá)到10.36萬(wàn)平方公里,該州在森林和木材的科研領(lǐng)域處于領(lǐng)先水平。佐州中部瓷土含量豐富,北部匹根斯縣是世界上主要的大理石產(chǎn)地之一。
人口民族
編輯
佐治亞州人口約為968萬(wàn),白人占總?cè)丝诘?5.4%,黑人為30.0%,亞裔約占2.9%。主要城市依次是首府亞特蘭大、奧古斯塔-瑞奇蒙德、哥倫布、薩瓦那、雅典城和梅肯等。
政治體制
編輯
選舉
佐治亞州州長(zhǎng)由選舉產(chǎn)生,任期四年,可連選連任一次。副州長(zhǎng)、州務(wù)卿、大法官以及農(nóng)業(yè)、勞工、保險(xiǎn)等部門長(zhǎng)官均由選舉產(chǎn)生。州議會(huì)由參、眾兩院組成。兩院議員任期均為2年,可連選連任。佐州有參議員56人,眾議員180人、副州長(zhǎng)任參議長(zhǎng)。美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)卡特來(lái)自佐州。
主要官員
州長(zhǎng):布萊恩·肯普(Brian Kemp),共和黨人。
經(jīng)濟(jì)概況
編輯
直到18世紀(jì)末,佐治亞的發(fā)展一直都很緩慢。19世紀(jì)上半葉,以奴隸制和種植園為基礎(chǔ)的棉花種植業(yè)使佐州的經(jīng)濟(jì)獲得迅速發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)20年代初,由于棉鈴蟲害襲擊佐州,使該州棉花種植業(yè)遭受致命打擊。二戰(zhàn)期間,佐州成為美國(guó)的步兵訓(xùn)練營(yíng)和飛機(jī)、軍艦等軍需品的供應(yīng)基地,聯(lián)邦政府的巨額投資為佐州的經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)和轉(zhuǎn)型提供了良機(jī)。戰(zhàn)后,佐州擺脫單一的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),逐步走向一個(gè)以工業(yè)為主、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的多元化經(jīng)濟(jì)。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)90年代,佐州發(fā)展加快。亞特蘭大地區(qū)成為該州發(fā)展的核心。
2012年GDP為4335.69億美元(同比增長(zhǎng)2.1%),占全美經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的2.8%,居全美50個(gè)州第11位。15家《財(cái)富》500強(qiáng)企業(yè)總部位于佐州,包括:家得寶、UPS、可口可樂(lè)、達(dá)美航空等。
佐治亞州經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展署(GDEcD)是佐治亞州的官方宣傳機(jī)構(gòu),負(fù)責(zé)吸引新企業(yè)落戶,鼓勵(lì)本州大中小企業(yè)拓展業(yè)務(wù),協(xié)調(diào)培訓(xùn)企業(yè)所需的勞動(dòng)力,為佐治亞企業(yè)開拓新的國(guó)際市場(chǎng),并推動(dòng)佐治亞州旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。同時(shí),佐治亞州經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展署也致力于將佐治亞打造成為一個(gè)適合開發(fā)藝術(shù)、電影、音樂(lè)等項(xiàng)目的理想選擇地。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展署還負(fù)責(zé)規(guī)劃以及協(xié)調(diào)州內(nèi)資源來(lái)促進(jìn)佐治亞州的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
近十年來(lái),這座“南方之都”積極向中國(guó)拓展,2007年在中國(guó)上海設(shè)立代表處,后在青島也設(shè)立辦公室,目前在佐治亞州落戶的中國(guó)企業(yè)包括海信集團(tuán)三一重工、經(jīng)緯紡織、中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸集團(tuán)等,森麒麟輪胎也剛于2016年九月宣布投資5.3億美元設(shè)廠。
工業(yè)
紡織、運(yùn)輸設(shè)備制造(飛機(jī)、船舶、轎車、卡車等)、食品加工、造紙等制造業(yè)是佐州第一大產(chǎn)業(yè),其中紡織工業(yè)在佐州的經(jīng)濟(jì)構(gòu)成中占有重要位置,該州生產(chǎn)的簇絨地毯占全國(guó)總量一半以上,奧古斯塔、哥倫布、梅肯和羅馬是該州的紡織工業(yè)中心。汽車和飛機(jī)制造集中于大亞特蘭大地區(qū),著名的軍用飛機(jī)制造商洛克希德·馬丁公司在馬瑞埃塔設(shè)有專廠,為美國(guó)空軍制造“大力神”運(yùn)輸機(jī)和F-22戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。灣流飛機(jī)公司總部位于該州薩凡納市。通往大西洋的兩個(gè)深水港薩凡納和布倫斯威克是佐州的船舶制造基地。佐州還是美國(guó)主要的紙張、紙板產(chǎn)地之一。
農(nóng)業(yè)
佐州是美國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)大州,農(nóng)牧業(yè)在其經(jīng)濟(jì)中占重要地位。全州約有5萬(wàn)個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品主要有肉雞、花生、山核桃、棉花、煙草、玉米、大豆等,其中肉雞、花生和山核桃產(chǎn)量居全國(guó)首位。佐州的食品加工業(yè)較發(fā)達(dá),主要產(chǎn)品有軟飲料、冷凍蝦、花生醬等。佐州是美國(guó)的“桃樹之鄉(xiāng)”。
對(duì)外貿(mào)易
據(jù)美商務(wù)部統(tǒng)計(jì),2012年,佐州對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額約1085億美元,其中出口約360億美元,同比增長(zhǎng)3.7%,占全美總出口額的2.3%。前五大出口市場(chǎng)依次為:加拿大(67億)、中國(guó)(37億)、墨西哥(23億)、新加坡(14億)、日本(13億)。出口額最大的產(chǎn)品依次為:運(yùn)輸設(shè)備(86億)、機(jī)械設(shè)備(48億)、化工產(chǎn)品(35億)、紙制品(34億)、食品(26億)等。
投資環(huán)境
佐治亞州一直憑借其良好的商業(yè)環(huán)境、優(yōu)秀的人才儲(chǔ)備以及世界一流的基礎(chǔ)實(shí)施等無(wú)以倫比的優(yōu)勢(shì),吸引著企業(yè)在此成功經(jīng)營(yíng)。特別是在亞特蘭大地區(qū),由于有著很多年輕的專業(yè)人士,所以更具吸引力。佐治亞州在2011年CNBC全美經(jīng)商環(huán)境排名中,位居第四。在《選址顧問(wèn)調(diào)查》(Site Selection Consultants Survey》中也位居第四。此外,佐治亞州還建立了佐治亞創(chuàng)新中心來(lái)幫助那些創(chuàng)新型公司。
稅收環(huán)境:佐治亞州是美國(guó)實(shí)行“以總收入為單一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)稅原則”(“single factor gross receipts ”)征稅方法的十三個(gè)州之一。同時(shí),佐治亞州也不像美國(guó)許多州都采用的所謂“對(duì)企業(yè)實(shí)施的營(yíng)業(yè)稅追溯原則”(“throw back rule”),也就是銷售給外州的貨物或服務(wù)收入若未被當(dāng)?shù)刂菡鞫?,則本州對(duì)此征稅。
物流環(huán)境:佐治亞擁有高效的無(wú)縫連接的海陸空運(yùn)輸和物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。同時(shí),佐治亞州地處連接南北和東西的重要地理位置,人員和貨物可以很便捷地從佐治亞州通過(guò)海陸空運(yùn)輸方式運(yùn)送到美國(guó)各地、歐洲以及亞洲等地區(qū)。
勞工環(huán)境:佐治亞州的工人賠償金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì),平均說(shuō)來(lái),每支付100美元的工資,對(duì)于從事一線工作的工人而言,其中有2.73美元是用來(lái)保險(xiǎn),而對(duì)于辦公室的工人來(lái)講,其中只有0.24美元是用來(lái)保險(xiǎn)的。
人才儲(chǔ)備:全美國(guó)只有四個(gè)州擁有2所或兩所以上全國(guó)排名前25的大學(xué),佐治亞州就是其中之一。此外,佐治亞州擁有68所職業(yè)技能大學(xué),可以為各類企業(yè)提供最好的人力資源。
營(yíng)商成本:佐治亞州擁有優(yōu)惠的稅收環(huán)境,具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的公共設(shè)施費(fèi)和工資水平,這些優(yōu)勢(shì)可以讓企業(yè)以更低的成本在此從事經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。
投資鼓勵(lì)政策
編輯
稅收鼓勵(lì)政策
第一:?jiǎn)我蛩胤峙浞?/div>
2005年,佐治亞州成為西南部第一個(gè)采用“單因素總收入分配法”的州。該方法僅將公司在州內(nèi)的收入作為州所得稅的計(jì)稅因素。傳統(tǒng)的方法則將公司在州內(nèi)的財(cái)產(chǎn)和工資均作為州所得稅的計(jì)稅因素。目前全美有13個(gè)州采用該方法。單因素法降低了開展跨州業(yè)務(wù)企業(yè)的實(shí)際稅率。此外,佐治亞州不使用所謂“反射法”,即若消費(fèi)者所在州未征收公司在該州銷售的所得稅、則公司所在州要予以征收。
第二:公司稅抵免
包括就業(yè)稅收抵免、港口稅收抵免獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、高質(zhì)量就業(yè)抵免、研發(fā)稅收抵免、大項(xiàng)目抵免、影視娛樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)抵免、兒童保健抵免、工作機(jī)會(huì)稅收抵免等。佐治亞州將所有郡按發(fā)展水平分為四類(1類為最不發(fā)達(dá),4類為最發(fā)達(dá)),在發(fā)展水平較低的郡投資可獲得更多的優(yōu)惠。
1. 就業(yè)稅收抵免。該優(yōu)惠適用于以下行業(yè):制造業(yè),包括但不限于制造太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能、電池、生物能源、生物燃料、電動(dòng)車等新能源;倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物流;加工;電信;廣播;旅游;研發(fā);生物醫(yī)療;老年及殘障服務(wù)等。
2. 港口稅收抵免獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。該優(yōu)惠適用于滿足就業(yè)稅收抵免或投資稅收抵免條件、使用佐治亞港口并在一年內(nèi)進(jìn)出口增加10%以上的企業(yè)。基期運(yùn)輸量必須至少達(dá)到75噸、5個(gè)集裝箱或10個(gè)20尺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱。若基期達(dá)不到上述規(guī)模,計(jì)算增加幅度時(shí)亦按上述規(guī)模計(jì)算。該稅收抵免最多可用于抵免公司州所得稅的50%。未使用的抵免額度可結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)10年內(nèi)使用。
3. 高質(zhì)量就業(yè)抵免。在12個(gè)月內(nèi)創(chuàng)造50個(gè)以上、薪資在郡平均工資110%以上的工作崗位的企業(yè),可在5年內(nèi)獲得每個(gè)崗位2500-5000美元/年的稅收抵減額度。7年內(nèi)新增的就業(yè)均適用于該優(yōu)惠。該政策允許在其他應(yīng)繳稅款都抵免后抵免州工資預(yù)扣稅,并可在10年內(nèi)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)使用。
4. 研發(fā)稅收抵免。抵免額度為(研發(fā)費(fèi)用-基礎(chǔ)額度)*10%。基礎(chǔ)額度為公司在佐治亞州內(nèi)收入的一定比例。研發(fā)稅收優(yōu)惠可在使用完其他優(yōu)惠后,在州所得稅50%的額度內(nèi)繼續(xù)抵免。如仍未使用完抵免額度,可繼續(xù)抵免州工資預(yù)扣稅,并可在10年內(nèi)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)使用。
5. 大項(xiàng)目稅收抵免。創(chuàng)造1800個(gè)以上新增就業(yè),且至少投資4.5億美元或支付工資達(dá)到1.5億美元/年以上的,可在5年內(nèi)申請(qǐng)每個(gè)崗位5250美元/年的稅收抵免。
6. 影視娛樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)抵免。在佐治亞州境內(nèi)投資于特定產(chǎn)品超過(guò)50萬(wàn)美元的,可免除20%的應(yīng)納稅額。50萬(wàn)美元可以為一個(gè)項(xiàng)目或多個(gè)項(xiàng)目合計(jì)金額。若在項(xiàng)目宣傳中加入佐治亞標(biāo)志和網(wǎng)站鏈接的,可再獲得10%的抵免額。特定產(chǎn)品包括主題電影、電視劇、廣告、音樂(lè)劇、動(dòng)畫片、電子游戲等。該項(xiàng)優(yōu)惠可用于抵免州所得稅或州工資預(yù)扣稅,還可以一次性轉(zhuǎn)售或轉(zhuǎn)讓給其他州內(nèi)納稅人。
7. 工作機(jī)會(huì)稅收抵免。該項(xiàng)目由聯(lián)邦推行,旨在促進(jìn)私營(yíng)企業(yè)更多雇用9個(gè)就業(yè)困難群體的人員。參與的企業(yè)可獲得每個(gè)員工抵免1200-9000美元聯(lián)邦所得稅的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。雇主需向佐治亞州勞工局提出申請(qǐng),以認(rèn)可其雇用了目標(biāo)群體人員。目前操作中,僅批準(zhǔn)為雇用退伍軍人的企業(yè)提供上述抵免。
第三:免稅政策
1. 銷售和使用稅免稅。佐治亞州對(duì)一系列產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)免除州銷售和使用稅,如:制造業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)備、工業(yè)機(jī)械維修、工業(yè)材料和包裝、制造業(yè)使用的能源、基礎(chǔ)材料處理設(shè)備、污染控制設(shè)備、高科技企業(yè)的電腦軟硬件、房間清潔設(shè)備、用水、電信服務(wù)等。
2. 存貨免稅。企業(yè)存貨免交州財(cái)產(chǎn)稅。超過(guò)6成的佐治亞郡、市實(shí)行了一級(jí)自由港免稅政策,免除下列動(dòng)產(chǎn)的財(cái)產(chǎn)稅:制造或生產(chǎn)用的原材料、半成品和存貨;生產(chǎn)后存放在佐治亞州不超過(guò)12個(gè)月的貨物;1月1日存放在佐治亞州倉(cāng)庫(kù)、碼頭,將在12個(gè)月內(nèi)運(yùn)往外州的制成品。州以下的地方政府還可以將自由港免稅政策提升為二級(jí),即免除一級(jí)政策范圍以外的其他存貨的地方財(cái)產(chǎn)稅。
人才鼓勵(lì)政策
第一:招聘協(xié)助
佐治亞州勞動(dòng)廳通過(guò)發(fā)布招工信息、收集并檢查申請(qǐng)材料、提供面試場(chǎng)所、安排面試、舉辦招聘會(huì)等方式幫助企業(yè)進(jìn)行招聘。
第二:“快速啟動(dòng)”員工培訓(xùn)
“快速啟動(dòng)”是全美知名的勞動(dòng)力培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目幫助企業(yè)在合適時(shí)間評(píng)估、選擇、培訓(xùn)合適的人員。在佐治亞州開辦或擴(kuò)大制造、分銷、總部和顧客服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)的企業(yè)可免費(fèi)享受如下服務(wù):勞動(dòng)力戰(zhàn)略咨詢;招聘前的評(píng)估;定制化在職培訓(xùn);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和生產(chǎn)力提升培訓(xùn)等。
第三:“建設(shè)佐治亞”項(xiàng)目
該項(xiàng)目就工資、生活方式、就業(yè)福利等議題向年輕人和公眾普及知識(shí),以消除誤解,幫助居民或技工成為有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的零售商人、手工藝人。
第四:再培訓(xùn)稅收抵免
企業(yè)直接用于培訓(xùn)的投資可以抵免應(yīng)納稅額。該政策適用于所有的佐治亞所得稅納稅人。在企業(yè)用于再培訓(xùn)全職員工費(fèi)用50%的額度內(nèi),可按照員工數(shù)每人每年抵免500美元稅收。
第五:“幫助優(yōu)秀學(xué)生”獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金計(jì)劃
該計(jì)劃可為在佐治亞州高等院校和公立職業(yè)院校就學(xué)的學(xué)生提供金融支持,并為佐治亞州居民在州內(nèi)技術(shù)院校學(xué)習(xí)資助學(xué)費(fèi),而不論其高中成績(jī)?nèi)绾?、何時(shí)畢業(yè)。
第六:佐治亞州大學(xué)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目
佐治亞州大學(xué)系統(tǒng)于1995年創(chuàng)立了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展辦公室,推動(dòng)佐治亞州31所公立高等院校與佐治亞州經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展署和企業(yè)界在智力資源方面開展合作。
其他鼓勵(lì)政策
第一:小企業(yè)服務(wù)
佐治亞州允許采用機(jī)械設(shè)備加速折舊法。此外,佐治亞州可為在特定鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)發(fā)展的企業(yè)提供貸款擔(dān)保,擔(dān)保額在3.5萬(wàn)-25萬(wàn)美元之間,用于購(gòu)買資產(chǎn)或作為啟動(dòng)資金。該擔(dān)保要求借款人至少出資10%。
第二:自由貿(mào)易區(qū)
佐治亞州有多個(gè)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。該項(xiàng)目?jī)?yōu)化了進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易流程,降低了成本,允許企業(yè)推遲、減少或免交進(jìn)口材料的關(guān)稅。
第三:一站式環(huán)境許可
佐治亞州為企業(yè)申請(qǐng)聯(lián)邦和州環(huán)境許可提供十分便利的服務(wù)。州自然資源廳環(huán)境保護(hù)處可簽發(fā)符合法律規(guī)定的所有許可,包括空氣質(zhì)量控制、水質(zhì)量控制、危險(xiǎn)品管理、固體廢棄物管理和污水土地許可等。
對(duì)現(xiàn)有企業(yè)的協(xié)助
第一:投資稅收抵免
佐治亞州現(xiàn)有企業(yè)已在州內(nèi)運(yùn)營(yíng)制造或電信設(shè)施達(dá)到3年,并新增制造或電信設(shè)施投資超過(guò)5萬(wàn)美元的,可申請(qǐng)抵免相當(dāng)于投資額1%-5%的稅收。投資支出包括但不限于為制造或電信設(shè)施購(gòu)置土地、修繕、建設(shè)及購(gòu)買機(jī)械設(shè)備的支出。
第二:可選投資稅收抵免
符合“投資稅收抵免”要求的納稅人,投資額至少達(dá)到500萬(wàn)至2000萬(wàn)美元的(視投資地區(qū)而定),可申請(qǐng)“可選投資稅收抵免”。
第三:創(chuàng)新中心項(xiàng)目
佐治亞創(chuàng)新中心向航空航天、農(nóng)業(yè)、能源、生命科學(xué)和IT、物流和制造業(yè)六個(gè)戰(zhàn)略行業(yè)提供聯(lián)系和創(chuàng)新方案,如聯(lián)系高校和技術(shù)院校、商業(yè)資源、技術(shù)協(xié)助、補(bǔ)助資金、行業(yè)人脈和政府機(jī)構(gòu)等,幫助本州企業(yè)接觸業(yè)內(nèi)頂尖專家,實(shí)現(xiàn)高效增長(zhǎng)。
佐治亞州支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)有:航空、農(nóng)業(yè)、藝術(shù)、汽車、聯(lián)絡(luò)中心、數(shù)據(jù)中心、國(guó)防、能源及環(huán)境、娛樂(lè)、金融服務(wù)、食品加工、總部、信息技術(shù)、生命科學(xué)、交通物流、制造及旅游業(yè)。
人才鼓勵(lì)政策
編輯
招聘協(xié)助
佐治亞州勞動(dòng)署通過(guò)張貼招工信息、收集并檢查申請(qǐng)材料、提供面試場(chǎng)所、安排面試、舉辦招聘會(huì)等方式幫助企業(yè)進(jìn)行招聘。
“快速啟動(dòng)”員工培訓(xùn)
“快速啟動(dòng)”是全美知名的勞動(dòng)力培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目幫助企業(yè)在合適時(shí)間評(píng)估、選擇、培訓(xùn)合適的人員。在佐治亞州開辦或擴(kuò)大制造、分銷、總部和顧客服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)的企業(yè)可免費(fèi)享受如下服務(wù):勞動(dòng)力戰(zhàn)略咨詢;招聘前的評(píng)估;定制化在職培訓(xùn);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和生產(chǎn)力提升培訓(xùn)等。
“建設(shè)佐治亞”
該項(xiàng)目就工資、生活方式、就業(yè)福利等議題向年輕人和公眾普及知識(shí),以消除誤解,幫助居民或技工成為有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的零售商人、手工藝人。
再培訓(xùn)稅收抵免
企業(yè)直接用于培訓(xùn)的投資可以抵免應(yīng)納稅額。該政策適用于所有的佐治亞所得稅納稅人。在企業(yè)用于再培訓(xùn)全職員工費(fèi)用50%的額度內(nèi),可按照員工數(shù)每人每年抵免500美元稅收。每個(gè)至少完成了一個(gè)再培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的員工,每年的總抵免額不得超過(guò)1250美元。培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目須經(jīng)佐治亞技術(shù)學(xué)院系統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn),并須以提升質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)率和特定軟件技術(shù)為目的。企業(yè)用該項(xiàng)目最高可抵免企業(yè)州所得稅的50%,并可在10年內(nèi)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)使用,還可與其他稅收優(yōu)惠同時(shí)使用。
“幫助優(yōu)秀學(xué)生”獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金計(jì)劃
該計(jì)劃可為在佐治亞州高等院校和公立職業(yè)院校就學(xué)的學(xué)生提供金融支持,并為佐治亞州居民在州內(nèi)技術(shù)院校學(xué)習(xí)資助學(xué)費(fèi),而不論其高中成績(jī)?nèi)绾?、何時(shí)畢業(yè)。
佐治亞州大學(xué)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目
佐治亞州大學(xué)系統(tǒng)于1995年創(chuàng)立了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展辦公室,推動(dòng)佐治亞州31所公立高等院校與佐治亞州經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展廳和企業(yè)界在智力資源方面開展合作。
社會(huì)事業(yè)
編輯
教育
佐治亞大學(xué)
佐州知名高校包括佐治亞理工學(xué)院、艾默里大學(xué)、佐治亞大學(xué)等。佐治亞理工學(xué)院以理工見長(zhǎng),其工業(yè)與制造、生物醫(yī)學(xué)、航空航天、土木工程、環(huán)境與衛(wèi)生都名列全美前5位。艾默里大學(xué)是全美排名第20位的名校,以醫(yī)學(xué)聞名,是全美艾滋病研究、治療和預(yù)防的領(lǐng)跑者,其生物醫(yī)學(xué)、內(nèi)科助理和大眾健康都名列前茅。佐治亞大學(xué)的中小學(xué)師資教育、技術(shù)與職業(yè)教育和特殊教育一直名列全美前3名。
截止到當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間4月18日,佐治亞州等共24個(gè)州及華盛頓特區(qū)宣布,將全州內(nèi)包括公立、私立和高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)在內(nèi)的學(xué)校關(guān)閉時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至2019—2020整個(gè)學(xué)年結(jié)束,同時(shí)各州學(xué)校將盡可能的為學(xué)生進(jìn)行線上授課。[1]
科研
佐州在工業(yè)及系統(tǒng)工程、生物醫(yī)學(xué)、航空航天、機(jī)電一體化、紙張與造紙和食品加工等領(lǐng)域科研名列全美前茅。美國(guó)國(guó)家疾病預(yù)控中心位于亞特蘭大。
媒體
CNN
美國(guó)有限電視網(wǎng)CNN總部位于佐州首府亞特蘭大。當(dāng)?shù)剌^大的報(bào)紙有《亞特蘭大憲政報(bào)》。主要華文媒體有《美中報(bào)道》、《新報(bào)》、亞城信息網(wǎng)等。
體育運(yùn)動(dòng)
佐治亞州是國(guó)際頂尖職業(yè)高爾夫球手的故鄉(xiāng),如傳奇球手鮑比·瓊斯 (Bobby Jones) 及當(dāng)代冠軍斯圖爾特·辛克 (Stewart Cink)。高爾夫傳奇人物波比瓊斯在1931年建立了奧古斯塔國(guó)家高爾夫俱樂(lè)部。著名的佐治亞州奧古斯塔國(guó)家高爾夫俱樂(lè)部(Augusta National Golf Club) 被譽(yù)為“全世界最牛氣的會(huì)員俱樂(lè)部”。
另有其他著名的高爾夫球場(chǎng):亞特拉達(dá)最佳小熊高爾夫球場(chǎng)、狼溪高爾夫俱樂(lè)部、松河高爾夫俱樂(lè)部、石頭山高爾夫俱樂(lè)部。
交通運(yùn)輸
編輯
佐州交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)。全州共有275個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)和89個(gè)直升飛機(jī)航站。亞特蘭大不僅是重要的航空中心(哈茨菲爾德國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)是全美乃至世界上最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)之一),而且也是全國(guó)主要的鐵路樞紐。公路運(yùn)輸在佐州起著相當(dāng)重要的作用,全州公路總長(zhǎng)接近11萬(wàn)英里,其中州際高速公路有1200英里。
2018年7月,達(dá)美航空開通了佐治亞州亞特蘭大到上海的直飛航班。
上海機(jī)場(chǎng)與亞特蘭大哈國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)簽署戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議
2018年7月,上海機(jī)場(chǎng)則與亞特蘭大哈茨菲爾德-杰克遜國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)簽約姐妹機(jī)場(chǎng),在樞紐運(yùn)行、航班準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)、高科技應(yīng)用等方面加強(qiáng)合作交流,推動(dòng)雙方機(jī)場(chǎng)運(yùn)行管理水平進(jìn)一步提高。
風(fēng)俗民情
編輯
旅游景點(diǎn)
亞特蘭大
佐治亞州是美國(guó)東南部極具風(fēng)格的旅游勝地,亞特蘭大還有“花園城市”的別稱。
九大旅游地區(qū):亞特蘭大都市、經(jīng)典南部、佐治亞州海岸、歷史中心地帶、歷史高地、玉蘭中部、佐治亞州東北部山脈、種植園地區(qū)、總統(tǒng)通道。
自然景觀:佐治亞的海岸、圣西蒙島、哲基爾島、薩凡納/薩佩洛島、坎伯蘭島。
特色景點(diǎn):佐治亞水族館(亞特蘭大)、美國(guó)CNN有線電視新聞網(wǎng)(亞特蘭大)、新可口可樂(lè)世界(亞特蘭大)、馬丁·路德·金紀(jì)念館(亞特蘭大)、石山公園(亞特蘭大)、古色古香的歷史名城(薩凡納)、奧克弗·諾基沼澤(韋克羅斯市與戴斯市之間)。
水上樂(lè)園和主題公園:佐治亞六旗公園(亞特蘭大)、六旗白浪水上世界、波柔水花游樂(lè)園、杰蔻島:夏日波浪、拉尼爾湖島濱岸和水上樂(lè)園、野生水上探險(xiǎn)主題公園。
動(dòng)物與動(dòng)物園:亞特蘭大動(dòng)物園(佐治亞州亞特蘭大)、野生動(dòng)物公園(北佐治亞州松山)、黃河野生動(dòng)物狩獵牧場(chǎng)(佐治亞州亞特蘭大利爾本)。.
奇妙博物館:秀美土地上的藝術(shù)殿堂、海伊藝術(shù)博物館(亞特蘭大)、馬格麗特·米契爾故居及亂世佳人博物館(亞特蘭大)、自然歷史博物館(亞特蘭大)、圓景畫(亞特蘭大)、莫瑞斯藝術(shù)博物館(奧古斯塔)、特菲爾藝術(shù)博物館(薩凡納)。
著名城市
奧爾巴尼市、古典迷香——雅典市、亞特蘭大市、奧古斯塔市布朗斯維克和黃金島、哥倫布市、梅肯市、浪漫戀歌——薩凡納市。
著名人物
編輯
出生和成長(zhǎng)在佐治亞州的著名影視明星包括:朱麗亞·羅伯茨 (Julia Roberts)、金·倍辛格(Kim Basinger)、勞倫斯·費(fèi)士普 (Laurence Fishburne)、波特·雷諾斯 (Burt Reynolds)、達(dá)克塔·范寧 (Dakota Fanning )、霍利·亨特 (Holly Hunter) 和布列塔尼·冒芬(Brittany Murphy) 等等。
美國(guó)著名音樂(lè)雜志《滾石》將雷·查爾斯(Ray Charles)、奧迪斯·雷丁 (Otis Redding)、詹姆斯·布朗(James Brown) 和小·理查德 (Little Richard) 四名佐治亞州本土音樂(lè)家列入前50名“不朽音樂(lè)藝術(shù)家”名單。
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