五年級上知識點解析
Unit 1
1. ----Who’s your English teacher?
----Mr Carter.
這是由who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,用來詢問人的姓名、身份、職業(yè)等,對人提問。
2. ----What’s he like?
----He’s tall and strong.
這是由what 引導(dǎo)的詢問外貌特征或性格特征的固定句子,意為“某人長什么樣/性格怎么樣?”be like …,這里like 是介詞,不能單獨作謂語,常和連系動詞(be,look)連用,意為“像……一樣”。由like構(gòu)成的短語還有:look like“看起來像”e.g. He looks like his father.
Like 作動詞用時,意為“喜歡”。e.g. She likes sports.
注意:要區(qū)分開What is … like? “長什么樣?”和 What does…like?“喜歡什么?”這兩個句型的用法。
3. ----Is she quiet?
----No, she isn’t. She’s very active.
----Is she strict?
----Yes, she is, but she’s very kind.
這是以be動詞(am, is, are)開頭的一般疑問句。其答語為肯定回答和否定回答,注意,yes后面要跟肯定形式;no后面要跟否定形式。還要注意問句與答語中的人稱要保持一致。
Unit 2
4. ----What day is it today?
----It’s Wednesday.
這是對星期提問的特殊疑問句,其答語常用“It’s…”來回答。
5. ----What do you have on Thursdays?
----We have English, math and science on Thursdays.
這是詢問某人在某一天有什么課的句型,對have/has提問要借助助動詞do/does。其后通常會跟一個限定詢問范圍的時間狀語,由“on+星期幾”組成。注意首先要看是對第幾人稱進行提問,如對第二人稱(you)進行提問,則答語要用第一人稱(I / we);本句型中的星期要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,詞尾要加-s或-es.
6. ----What do you do on Saturdays?
---- I watch TV on Saturdays. What about you?
---- I do homework, too.
這是詢問某人在某一天經(jīng)常做什么的句型,對所做的事情提問。注意:當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,問句中的助動詞“do”一定要用第三人稱單數(shù)“does”!答語中的實義動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。e.g. ----What does Tom do on weekends? ----He plays ping-pong with his friends.
Unit 3
7. ----What do you have for lunch on Mondays?
----We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.
這是詢問對方“哪一餐吃什么?”的句型。句子中“have”是一個及物動詞,有“吃,喝”和“進行,從事”等意思。當(dāng)問句中有“for +三餐”時,答語中have后跟食物;當(dāng)問句中沒有“for +三餐”時,我們常用“have+課程”來回答,要根據(jù)上下文的語境來決定答語的內(nèi)容。注意:would like是“想要,想吃或想喝”的意思,用would like 提問,就要用would like來回答。區(qū)分好以下三組句型:
(1)----What do you have on Thursdays?
----I (We) have English and P.E.
(2)----What do you have for lunch on Thursdays?
---- I (We) have tofu and onions.
(3)----What would you like for lunch today?
---- I’d like some mutton and cabbage.
fish意為“魚肉”時為不可數(shù)名詞。
8. ----What’s your favourite fruit?
----I like apples. They’re sweet.
----I like fruit. But I don’t like grapes. They’re sour.
這是詢問“你最喜歡的……是什么?”同義句:“What…do you like best?”答語用“I like…”或“I don’t like…”或“My favourite…is …”此句一般疑問句為“Do you like…?”否定句和一般疑問句要借助助動詞do或does. 一般疑問句要把助動詞do/does提前;否定句要在主語后加don’t或doesn’t.
Unit 4
9. ----What can you do?
----I can sweep the floor. / I can cook the meals. / I can water the flowers.
這是由what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,意為“你會做什么?”其答語要用“I can +動詞原形”來回答。注意情態(tài)動詞can后一定接動詞原形。
10. ----Can you make the bed?
----No, I can’t.
----Can you use a computer.
----Yes, I can.
這是由情態(tài)動詞can引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,其肯定回答“Yes, I can.”否定回答“No, I can’t.”情態(tài)動詞can沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能單獨作謂語,只能和緊挨它的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。
Can的用法口訣:情態(tài)動詞can, can, can,“能,會”意思記在前;不管主語怎么換,can的模樣不會變。句中只要出現(xiàn)can,動詞原形跟后面。一般疑問can提前,否定can后not添。
Unit 5
11. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.
There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.
這是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,它表示“某處有某物”。there is 后跟可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞;there are 后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。there be 常和具體的地點短語連用。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(人)+地點”。
注意:
(1)there be句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采取“就近原則”即看離be動詞最近的那個主語是“可數(shù)”還是“不可數(shù)”,是“單數(shù)”還是“復(fù)數(shù)”,從而確定be 動詞是用單數(shù)形式“is”還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式“are”。
(2)there be結(jié)構(gòu)和have的區(qū)別:
There be 表示“有”時,側(cè)重于客觀存在,常用于表示“某地有某物”,至于此物品屬于誰則無關(guān)緊要;have/has 表示“有”時,側(cè)重于主觀方面,有“擁有;所有”的意思,常用于“某人(某物)有某物”,至于此物品在何地則無需談及。
12.The closet is near the table. Many clothes are in the closet. The trash bin is behind the door.
英語中表示方位的介詞有很多,常見的有:in, on, under, behind, near, over, in front of 等,當(dāng)我們用介詞表示地點、方位時,一般要遵循這樣的模式:介詞+定冠詞the+名詞。
Unit 6
13. ----Is there a forest in the park?
----Yes, there is.
----Is there a river?
----No, there isn’t.
這是there be 句型的一般疑問句形式,直接把系動詞be提到there的前面。其答語通常有肯定回答“Yes, there is/are.”,否定回答“No, there isn’t/aren’t.”兩種形式。要注意保持問答一致。
14. ----Are there any pandas in the mountains?
----No, there aren’t. Are there any fish in the river?
----Yes, there are.
There be 句型小結(jié):
(1)肯定句:There is a bridge in the village.
There are some books on the desk.
(2)一般疑問句:----Is there a bridge in the village?
----Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
----Are there any books on the desk?
----Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t.
(3)否定句:There is not a bridge in the village.
There are not any books on the desk.
注意:用來修飾名詞的“some”,在一般疑問句和否定句中,要變成“any”。There be句型記憶口訣:
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)是倒裝,主語位于be后方。
單數(shù)主語用is,復(fù)數(shù)主語要用are。
變否定特簡單,not添在be后邊。
變疑問也不難,把be提到there 前。
肯定句用some,否定疑問要用any 來替換。