埃茲拉·龐德(Ezra Pound),
美國(guó)著名詩(shī)人。1885年10月30日出生于美國(guó)愛(ài)達(dá)荷州的海利鎮(zhèn)。在去歐洲以前,他在賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)就學(xué),在那里攻讀美國(guó)歷史、古典文學(xué)、羅曼斯語(yǔ)言文學(xué)。兩年后,他轉(zhuǎn)至哈密爾頓大學(xué)(Hamilton College)學(xué)習(xí),1906年獲碩士學(xué)位。1898年龐德首次赴歐,以后于1902年,1906年及1908年先后共四次去歐洲。1908年定居倫敦,以后一度成為倫敦文壇上舉足輕重的人物。
龐德最著名的作品,要屬意象派名作《在地鐵站內(nèi)》:
In a Station of the Metro
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
Petals on a wet, black bough.
(人群中這些面孔幽靈般呈現(xiàn);
濕漉漉的黑枝條上朵朵花瓣)
《在地鐵站內(nèi)》僅兩行、14個(gè)字,是一首單一意象詩(shī)(one-image poem)。它是龐德根據(jù)在巴黎協(xié)和廣場(chǎng)地鐵站的印象寫(xiě)成的。詩(shī)雖短,但詩(shī)人最后落筆定稿前經(jīng)過(guò)相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間的醞釀和推敲。
在地鐵站龐德眼前閃過(guò)一張張美麗的臉。在歸途中,這些臉在他眼前反復(fù)出現(xiàn),直到最后他們逐漸變成了一片片彩色印花色底。這時(shí)他產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)念頭,要作出一幅純粹表現(xiàn)色彩的斑斑點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的非寫(xiě)實(shí)主義的畫(huà),但他不會(huì)作畫(huà),只能以詩(shī)代之。詩(shī)的兩行互相依存。apparition是幻象、幽靈,使人們聯(lián)想到來(lái)來(lái)往往的乘客的一張張臉。第二行的petal花瓣則傳遞了美的信息。這一信息由于有深色而又帶濕氣的樹(shù)枝的反襯而變得突出鮮明了,同時(shí)也給人以模糊重疊之感,意境也就更豐滿(mǎn)了。
龐德翻譯的《長(zhǎng)干行》:
《長(zhǎng)干行》 李白
妾發(fā)初覆額,折花門(mén)前劇。
郎騎竹馬來(lái),繞床弄青梅。
同居長(zhǎng)干里,兩小無(wú)嫌猜。
十四為君婦,羞顏未嘗開(kāi)。
低頭向暗壁,千喚不一回。
十五始展眉,愿同塵與灰。
常存抱柱信,豈上望夫臺(tái)。
十六君遠(yuǎn)行,瞿塘滟滪堆。
五月不可觸,猿鳴天上哀。
門(mén)前遲行跡,一一生綠苔。
苔深不能掃,落葉秋風(fēng)早。
八月蝴蝶來(lái),雙飛西園草。
感此傷妾心,坐愁紅顏老。
早晚下三巴,預(yù)將書(shū)報(bào)家。
相迎不道遠(yuǎn),直至長(zhǎng)風(fēng)沙。
The River-Merchant's -Wife:A letter-Ezra Pound
While my hair was still cut straight across my forehead I played about the front gate, pulling flowers.
You came by on bamboo stilts, playing horse, You walked about my seat, playing with blue plums.
And we went on living in the village of Chokan: Two smallpeople,without dislike or suspicion.
At fourteen I married My Lord you.
I never laughed, being bashful.
Lowering my head, I looked at the wall.
Called to, a thousand times, I never looked back.
At fifteen I stopped scowling, I desired my dust to be mingled with yours Forever and forever and forever.
Why should I climb the look out?
At sixteen you departed, You went into far Ku-to-en, by the river of swirling eddies, And you have been gone five months.
The monkeys make sorrowful noise overhead.
You dragged your feet when you went out.
By the gate now, the moss is grown, the different mosses, Too deep to clear them away!
The leaves fall early this autumn, in wind.
The paired butterflies are already yellow with August Over the grass in the West garden; They hurt me.
I grow older.
If you are coming down through the narrows of the river Kiang, Please let me know beforehand, And I will come out to meet you As far as Cho-fu-Sa.
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