中考英語“六選五”題對很多同學(xué)來說是失分點(diǎn)，這種題型主要是考查考生對語篇的閱讀能力、理解能力、邏輯推理能力以及對上下文聯(lián)系能力等。今天給大家整理了解答此類題的方法，get起來吧。
“六選五”選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
該題型的選項(xiàng)大致可分為三類：
① 主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）；
② 過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）；
③ 注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）。
那么，另外一個(gè)多余的干擾項(xiàng)就可以通過這三個(gè)特點(diǎn)來排除。例如：主旨概括句要么過于寬泛要么以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。
1.先看選項(xiàng)
六選五的答案選項(xiàng)較少，并且給出的都是句子，只看選項(xiàng)可以從以下幾點(diǎn)著手：
① 看句子是否完整；
② 看句子后面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。這樣可以初步判斷該句在文章中的位置。
③ 有時(shí)可以通過選項(xiàng)，找出跟其他選項(xiàng)表達(dá)完全不同意思的句子，這樣的話我們就可以直接將該選項(xiàng)排除。
2.注意空前空后
由于六選五空出的是整個(gè)句子，而這些句子與句子之間，必然有一種聯(lián)系，因此我們可以通過選項(xiàng)中某個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關(guān)性來確定這兩個(gè)句子之間有一種關(guān)聯(lián)性，從而選擇正確的答案。
3.注意代詞或定冠詞
在做這類題目的時(shí)候，一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或者指示代詞，因?yàn)榇蠹抑?，代詞是指代一個(gè)名詞或者一個(gè)句子的，那么通過代詞在句子中所做的成分我們可以推斷出它指代的句子的類型，我們要做的就是從選項(xiàng)中找這類句型就可以了。
4.注意一些特殊疑問詞
如果選項(xiàng)中或空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問詞，一定要把這句話仔細(xì)讀幾遍，因?yàn)閷τ诓煌厥庖蓡栐~的回答方式是不一樣的。
例如：對why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的詞；對when的回答，后面要有表時(shí)間的狀語；對where的回答，后面要有表地點(diǎn)的名詞；對how的回答，后面要有方式狀語等。
5.注意一些連詞
這里所說的連詞有一些表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞：but，however，yet，though，never the less等，另外還有一些表示并列關(guān)系的連詞如and，also，as well as，neither... nor，either ...or，not only...but also，on one hand....on the other hand等。
因?yàn)檫@些連詞可以表現(xiàn)句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，通過不同的連詞我們可以推知句子與句子之間不同的關(guān)系。
第一步：認(rèn)真閱讀文章的開頭部分，以明確文章的基本話題；
第二步：快速閱讀首尾段、每段的首尾句以及文章中帶轉(zhuǎn)折詞的句子，以便掌握文章大意；
第三步：仔細(xì)閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，并畫出關(guān)鍵詞；
查看問題位置
問題在段首
(1)段落主題句，認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，查找同義詞或者相關(guān)詞。
(2)與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等，著重閱讀后文第一二句，查找關(guān)鍵詞，通常正確答案的最后一句與問題后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。
(3)段落間的過渡句，承上啟下。
【補(bǔ)充】常見關(guān)聯(lián)詞
1.并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and, or, also, neither…nor…,
either…or…, in the same way, as well as,
the same…as, besides, moreover（而且）,
in addition to ,what is more
2. 因果關(guān)系：because, for, since, as, therefore, so, so…that, thanks to, as a result, because of, for this reason, of course
3. 轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系：but, however, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, while,
rather than（要）…而不是,
instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if
4. 時(shí)間關(guān)系：at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with（開始/首先），
in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具體的時(shí)間。
問題在段尾
(1) 問題前的一句或兩句重點(diǎn)閱讀，找關(guān)鍵詞。
(2) 結(jié)論、概括性語句，查找關(guān)鍵詞，如：therefore、as a result、in a word 等。
(3) 與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，注意在選項(xiàng)中查找查找、對比的關(guān)鍵詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講的內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關(guān)系
（4）所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來 。
(5) 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。
第四步：閱讀各個(gè)空的前后句，并畫出關(guān)鍵詞；
第五步：對比并匹配上述兩類關(guān)鍵詞，并按照先易后難的順序選出答案。一旦確定一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就要在該選項(xiàng)上做出標(biāo)記，以免分散注意力；
第六步：將選項(xiàng)帶入文章中重讀，依據(jù)行文邏輯檢查核對，再次確定所選答案。
【中考真題】
B
We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals like birds, fish and whales. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop (大便) , USA Today reported. The findings came from a study led by scientists from Environment Agency Austria 51 The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample (大便樣本) for testing.
52 About 20 small plastic particles (IM) were found in every 10 grams (克) of stool. 'The smallest plastic particles can enter the blood, the lymphatic system, and may even reach the liver (肝臟),' said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research. 53 They’re not sure how the plastic got in the volunteers' bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution.
In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, lots of plastic waste goes into the ocean.
54 Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil. and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body?
Some past studies may also give us a clue. 55 And even some drinking water has been found to have tiny plastic particles in it.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從方框中選出五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。
A. There, sunlight and waves (海浪) break the plastic waste down to very small pieces. B. The scientists are sure that the plastic must be harmful to humans. C. According to USA Today, 90% of sea salt which is sold in the world includes plastic. D. The scientists followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world. E. However, the scientists aren't sure if the plastic is harmful to humans. F. Scientists found nine different kinds of plastic in the stool samples, according to the study. |
【模擬試題】
A
What is the most stressful thing in school? It is probably exams. Exams can put us under a lot of pressure. But some students do well under pressure, while others feel terrible. 1. ____
It all comes down to dopamine (多巴胺). 2._____ It has many important roles: influencing memory, attention and how we learn. Our brains work best when there is an even balance（平衡）of dopamine — not too much or too little.
The brain controls dopamine in two ways. It either takes out dopamine quickly, or gradually. Exam success can be related to how fast dopamine goes back to an even balance.
3.____ If you become stressed, your brain will start to overload (超負(fù)荷) on dopamine. 4.____ The quicker you are able to go back to an even balance of dopamine, the quicker you can fix yourself perform better on a test.
Scientists found that,during a test, people who slowly got back to an even balance of dopamine scored 8 percent lower. 5._____But don't fear, there is some good news. The study also found that the more practice you get, the less stressed you'll be. So, it turns out that practice really does make perfect.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從方框中選出五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。
A. What happens when we sit for an exam? B. It is like a cup overflowing (溢出) with water. C. So, why do some students perform better under stress? D. That's the difference between a good mark and a bad mark. E. Dopamine is a chemical in our brain that sends information to our body. F. Is there anything that can help change the speed of dopamine getting into our body. |
B
Dawa Dorji has many jobs: singer, barkeeper and English tour guide, but he is the most famous as the lead singer of the first folk(民間的) pop band in Tibet(西藏)．
In 2003, Dawa Dorji met two fans of Tibetan music. 1. ， and later another two joined the band.
2． ， so they had to practise on weekdays in a small village after work. Dawa Dorji and his band members believed that they needed to communicate with their audience(聽眾) in order to write good songs. 3. .
At the beginning, most audience were foreigners, but after a couple of months, many local people came to enjoy their music. 4. .
“Whenever there is a festival, we Tibetans sing and dance. I sang songs with the old people, and I learned more about how to sing，” said Dawa Dorji.
5． ， and many of them are from traditional ones.
Dawa Dorji believes that their efforts(努力) are meaningful for introducing Tibetan folk music to the whole nation, and even the whole world.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選出五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。
A．Dawa Dorji was born in Lhasa
B．Each member of the band had his own job
C．They became good friends and started a band
D．As a result, the band became more and more popular
E．So at weekends they rushed to restaurants to sing for free
F．So far, four albums(唱片) with 48 Tibetan language songs have come out
C
(2018·黑龍江綏化中考改編)If you live far from school, you may have to use lunch boxes to take lunch to school. Do you want to know what the early lunch boxes looked like? 1.
From the 19th century, people used baskets to take meals. 2. A tins were large enough for a piece of meat, some bread and some cheese. Walt Disney made the first “character” lunch box in 1935 by putting Mickey Mouse on the box. 3. In 1950，TV cowboy, Hopalong Cassidy, agreed to put his picture on the outside of the blue and red lunch boxes. Over the next 30 years, different popular characters controlled the market, such as Aladdin, Miss America, and the Flying Nun. The Florida government said that the metal boxes could be used as weapons(武器) and they were dangerous for children.4．
In 1986, people began to use lunch boxes which were made of plastic. 5. Now we can see many plastic lunch boxes with beautiful pictures on them.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選出五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。
A．By the 1860s, people started making tins to take meals.
B．The plastic lunch boxes weren't used by people.
C．Let's see the history of lunch boxes.
D．Children liked this kind of lunch box very much.
E．The plastic lunch boxes have been using since then.
F．The last metal lunch box was made in 1985.
D
In Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan, Qi Jianfeng attended the 10th anniversary(周年紀(jì)念日) of Wenchuan Earthquake with hundreds of doctors and volunteers. 1.
Wenchuan was hit by a strong earthquake on May 12th, 2008.At least 69，000 people were killed and more than 375，000 were hurt. 2. Soldiers and doctors quickly arrived in the area. At that time, they were saving people and rebuilding(重建) homes. 3. he wanted to help those who had lost their families or homes. Qi Jianfeng worked as a volunteer after the earthquake. He also listened to the local people carefully so that they had someone to talk to.
Qi's job lasted(持續(xù)) for three years, 4. but Qi kept on staying here. He saw the destroyed(毀壞的) place become a new town. The beautiful mountains and friendly people made him prefer to work here. He got a job and bought an apartment in Wenchuan. 5. He hopes to help people especially the young receive earthquake training.
Although the earthquake broke many things apart, it brought everyone closer together.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選出五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。
A．It was easy enough to save the people under the buildings.
B．He never imagined what a big difference an earthquake made to his life.
C．Most volunteers have left Wenchuan，
D．He has remained in Wenchuan ever since then.
E．As soon as Qi Jianfeng heard the news，
F．Many people became homeless.
參考答案
中考真題：51-55. DFEAC
模擬試題：
A: 1-5 CEABD B: 1-5 CBEDF
C: 1-5 CADFE D: 1-5 BFECD
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