2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)十三：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空的考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練
【考點(diǎn)掃描】
單項(xiàng)選擇題一向是各省市中考的必考題型。它的特點(diǎn)是考點(diǎn)多，覆蓋面廣，題量大。其主要考查點(diǎn)是：
1. 考查基本語法;
2. 考查同義詞、近義詞的辨析；
3. 考查各種詞匯的慣用法和固定搭配；
4. 考查掌握和運(yùn)用日常交際用語的能力。
【名師解難】
由于單項(xiàng)選擇題所考查的范圍較廣，所以要想做好此類題一要具備扎實(shí)的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，二要緊扣語境，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。具體應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要弄清初中階段所出現(xiàn)的幾種主要時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法、結(jié)構(gòu)、與之
連用的狀語及各自的特殊用法。重點(diǎn)要分清現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)的用
法。對(duì)賓語從句、狀語從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、比較等級(jí)以及它們的用法規(guī)則
都要一一弄清楚。還要注意固定搭配、習(xí)慣用語、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、動(dòng)
詞辨析以及不同詞性的詞的用法。
2. 在解題方面要突出語境，在語境中選語句和詞匯，防止?jié)h語思維的干擾。
英語中一些關(guān)鍵詞的含義往往是由它所處的語義環(huán)境（即上下文）決定的，
答題時(shí)如忽視了語境，就很容易答錯(cuò)題。
3. 在解題時(shí)要注意句型結(jié)構(gòu)和語序。要掌握初中階段所出現(xiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，注
意賓語從句、感嘆句的語序。
4. 掌握習(xí)語和日常交際用語。應(yīng)掌握大綱詞匯、習(xí)慣用語。由于文化背景和
風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的不同，對(duì)于一些日常交際用語應(yīng)記牢。
從近幾年來全國(guó)各地的中考試卷分析可以看出，單項(xiàng)選擇題的考點(diǎn)主要分布在：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)；詞義辨析、語序、各種不同的從句及交際用語上。
在做單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí)，同學(xué)們除應(yīng)具有較扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和善于思考外，掌握一些解題方法是很有必要的。
由于單項(xiàng)選擇覆蓋面廣，其解題思路也多種多樣。下面我們舉例談?wù)勔恍┏Ｓ玫慕忸}方法。
1. 直接法：
即直接利用相關(guān)語法知識(shí)，通過題干中的已供信息，捕捉到解題線索，從而得出正確答案的解題方法，例如：
--- Will you come to the net bars（網(wǎng)吧）with me?
--- Sorry. My mother always tells me ___________there.
A. not go B. go C. not to go D. to go
根據(jù)句意可知此題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式，即tell sb. not to do sth.，故此題應(yīng)選C。
2. 關(guān)鍵詞法
許多題目中都有這樣一些詞，它們對(duì)于快速而準(zhǔn)確地判定答案起著至關(guān)重要的作用。我們稱這些詞為關(guān)鍵詞（key words）。找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞，也就找到了解題的突破口，例如：
He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _______________?
A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he D. does he
該題中hardly與hurt是起關(guān)鍵詞作用的。凡陳述部分含有hardly, never, little, few等否定意義的詞時(shí)，反意疑問句用肯定形式；而hurt一詞的過去式與原形相同，此處hurt未加s，應(yīng)為過去式。因此本題答案C是正確的。
--- What did you see, Mary?
--- I saw a lot of trees on_______________of the lake.
A. either side B. all sides C. both sides D. other side
在平時(shí)練習(xí)中，我們接觸的多是下列表達(dá)：on both sides of the road / street / river。但本題中lake無兩邊之分，只能是“在四周”。所以正確答案是B。本題中lake一詞成為關(guān)鍵詞。
3. 類推法
如果對(duì)題目的備選答案沒有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A對(duì)，那么B也對(duì)”的類推法，從而可將A、B予以否定，例如：
--- Who's the man at the door?
--- ___________________________.
A. He is a doctor B. He is a friend of mine
C. He is a famous singer D. He is twenty
仔細(xì)分析備選答案就可發(fā)現(xiàn)：A、C選項(xiàng)針對(duì)的是“職業(yè)”。若A是對(duì)的，那么C也會(huì)是對(duì)的。D回答的是年齡。故惟有B才是正確的。
4. 前后照應(yīng)法
此方法多用于兩個(gè)以上句子或?qū)υ捫问矫}的題目。解題前，透徹理解，然后聯(lián)系上下文，捕捉隱含信息，方能準(zhǔn)確找出答案，例如：
--- He isn't a teacher, is he?
--- __________________. He works in a hospital.
A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn't C. Yes, He isn't D. No, he is
本題考查否定句的反意疑問句的回答。由后半句的回答，我們知道“他”的身份不是教師；否定反意疑問句回答中的Yes其實(shí)際含義為“不”，No的實(shí)際含義為“是”。因此應(yīng)選擇的是B。再如：
--- It's dangerous to play here.
--- All right. Let's go and find a _______________place.
A. quiet B. safe C. bright D. dark
聯(lián)系上下文即可弄清語境：既然在這里玩危險(xiǎn)，那么就找個(gè)安全的地方。此題應(yīng)選B。
5. 排除法
根據(jù)題干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干擾項(xiàng)排除，縮小選擇范圍，然后將剩余的選項(xiàng)填入空白處進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，辨別真?zhèn)?，例如?/span>
The girl asked the teacher _______________.
A. what does the museum looks like B. what did the museum look like
C. what the museum looks like D. what the museum looked like
本題主要考查賓語從句中的語序及時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是過去時(shí)的某種時(shí)態(tài)，故A、C被排除。而B中有詞序錯(cuò)誤，所以D為正確答案。
6. 交際法
此方法可用30個(gè)交際用語，聯(lián)系上下文直接解題，例如：
--- Would you like to have another cup of tea?
--- _______________________________.
A. Yes, I do B. Not al all C. No, thanks D. Help yourself
本題主要考查簡(jiǎn)答交際用語的應(yīng)答。對(duì)別人的邀請(qǐng)，如果表示不接受時(shí)，應(yīng)委婉說出，不能斷然拒絕。因此，選C是最佳答案。
以上六種方法，大家要在具備扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)條件下，靈活運(yùn)用。同時(shí)，我們還要提醒大家注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
（1）不要受母語思維習(xí)慣的影響。學(xué)習(xí)外語常常會(huì)受母語習(xí)慣的影響。因此解題時(shí)也常會(huì)受母語思維模式的影響，例如：
--- __________________is the capital of America?
--- Washington.
A. Where B. What C. In where D. In which
漢語中?？蛇@樣發(fā)問“美國(guó)的首都是哪兒?”所以有人會(huì)選A，但英語中where是副詞，表示地點(diǎn)。本句是問美國(guó)首都是哪個(gè)城市，所以正確的選擇是B。再如：
___________it's difficult to learn English well, __________you should never drop it.
A. Though; but B. Though; ×
C. Because; so D. Because; ×
漢語中有關(guān)聯(lián)詞“雖然……但是”、“因?yàn)?/font>……所以”，但在英語中though與but, because和so是不可搭配使用的。由題意可知只有B是正確答案。
（2）防止定勢(shì)思維。有些固定搭配或習(xí)慣表達(dá)法大家掌握較牢靠，但也正是由于受到這些習(xí)慣表達(dá)的影響，犯一些思維定勢(shì)的錯(cuò)誤，例如：
I won't come back _______________August 5 and 7.
A. until B. both C. between D. for
受not…until這一固定搭配的影響，很多人會(huì)選A。但若仔細(xì)審題，則答案應(yīng)選C。因?yàn)?/font>“回來”這一動(dòng)作不能同時(shí)發(fā)生在兩個(gè)不同的日期。再如：
Canada is larger than _____________country in Asia（亞洲）.
A. any other B. other C. any D. all others
“比較級(jí) + any other + 單數(shù)名詞”是一種典型的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。所以有人會(huì)選A。但Canada是美洲國(guó)家，和亞洲國(guó)家相比不存在與自身相比較的問題。所以不可用other排除自身。正確的答案選C。
（3）防止“魚目混珠”。有些詞由于詞性、詞義不同，它的用法也不同，應(yīng)注意辨別，例如：
--- Do you know if he ________________to play basketball with us?
--- I think he will come if he ________________free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is D. will come; will he
若不注意審題，很容易誤選A。但若仔細(xì)分析，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)前者if作“是否”解，而后者意為“如果”。二者分別引導(dǎo)賓語從句和條件狀語從句。英語中，只有在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句時(shí)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，在其他從句中無此用法。所以C是正確答案。再如：
He made faces _____________the baby _____________crying.
A. to make; stop B. make; stop C. make; to stop D. to make; to stop
題中兩個(gè)make用法不同。make faces意為“做鬼臉”，后接動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語；后一個(gè)make意為“使得”，是一個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞，其后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)，即make sb. do sth. 所以此題應(yīng)選A。
【中考范例】
1. ---Have you ever heard from your aunt since she went to Hong Kong?
---Yes, I’ve just got a letter from __________.
A. her B. hers C. she D. herself
【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是代詞用法。這個(gè)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)get a letter
from sb.因?yàn)?/font>from是個(gè)介詞，后面所跟代詞應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格her。
2. I’m reading now. Please tell him _______ the TV a bit.
A. turn up B. turn off C. to turn down D. to turn on
【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是短語動(dòng)詞辨析。題干所提供的語境是“我正在看書”，因此應(yīng)告訴他把電視擰小一些。所以應(yīng)選turn down。
3. I’m sure you know the difference _________ “look for” and “find”.
A. from B. for C. to D. between
【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是介詞的用法。題干的意思是“我確信你知道‘look for’和‘find’兩者之間地區(qū)別。“兩者之間的”只能用between來
表示。
4. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞have和句型there be的區(qū)別。
A, C, D都是句型there be 和動(dòng)詞have的混合，都是錯(cuò)誤的。只有B一個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確。
5. A talk on science _______ in our school next Monday.
A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has been given
【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語是next Monday,所以動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，因此應(yīng)排除C和D。而主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。只有選項(xiàng)B正確。
6. Since China has been a member of WTO, English is ________ useful than before.
A. more B. most C. much D. very
【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是形容詞的比較級(jí)。在句末有than before字樣，表明要用形容詞的比較級(jí)，而useful的比較級(jí)是more useful, 所以應(yīng)選more。
7. It _______ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _______ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.
A. spent, circling B. took, travelling
C. spent, to travel D. took, to circle
【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的用法。本句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是It took sb. some time to do sth. 只有D能用在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。
8. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _______ for half an hour.
A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away
【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法。因?yàn)楸揪渲械臅r(shí)間狀語是for half an hour，表示的是一段時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有has been away能表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。
9. I am waiting for my friend. _________, I will go swimming alone.
A. If he doesn’t come B. If he won’t come
C. If he will come D. If he is coming
【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是在時(shí)間狀語從句里的時(shí)態(tài)。在時(shí)間狀語從句里，通常用一般現(xiàn)在是代替一般將來時(shí)。
10. ---Could you tell me _______?
---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.
A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting
C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting
【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從語的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。第一，賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語序；第二，表示“在會(huì)上所說的話”應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。
【滿分演練】
單項(xiàng)天空
1. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _______________there are no mistakes.
A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about
2. --- Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy?
--- I'll buy _________ of them, so I can give one to my friend, Hellen.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
3. He __________ two thousand trees since 1985.
A. plants B. planted C. will plant D. has planted
4. ___________ you free last night?
A. Were B. Was C. Are D. Do
5. --- Dad, when will you be free? You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago.
--- I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a _____________holiday soon.
A. four-days B. four-day C. four days D. four day
6. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ____________Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
7. ___________comes from cows.
A. Wool B. Chicken C. Pork D. Milk
8. Which of the following does paper burn in?
A. CO2 B. N2 C. O2 D. He
9. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must ___________down too many trees.
A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting
C. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting
10. --- You must come back every month.
--- Yes, I __________________.
A. will B. must C. should D. can
11. The doctor did what he could _________________that child.
A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving
12. --- Can you guess if they _____________to play basketball with us?
--- I think they'll come if they _______________tree.
A. come; are B. will come; will be
C. will come; are D. come; will be
13. I will tell you how to get to the place; you'd better _____________it __________.
A. try; on B. get; off C. take; down D. pick; up
14. --- Ann has gone to Shanghai.
--- So _____________her parents.
A. do B. had C. did D. have
15. --- How long can I ______________these books?
---Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
16. It takes us _________hour or more to go to my hometown by ________train.
A. an; a B. a; an C. an; 不填 D. a; 不填
17. Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city, but she had no _________.
A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time
18. There are three _______________students in the school.
A. thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. thousand
19. I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because there's ___________with his ears.
A. wrong something B. something wrong
C. anything wrong D. nothing wrong
20.--- I've had enough bread. Would you like_____________?
--- No thanks.
A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more
21. I'm old enough to wash _________clothes by myself. You can just wash ______.
A. my, your B. mine, yours C. my, yours D. your, my
22. The father wished the twins to be doctors, but __________of them liked to study medicine.
A. both B. neither C. either D. none
23. Now Helen works ______________than before.
A. more carefully B. more careful C. much careful D. much carefully
24. We are doing much better __________English ________our teacher's help.
A. in, at B. at, in C. in, with D. with, with
25. If you like the chicken, you may have as_____________as you can.
A. much B. many C. more D. little
26. --- Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
--- OK. Let's give him _____________to eat.
A. something different B. different anything
C. anything different D. different something
27. The letter is ___________in French. I cannot read it.
A. writing B. written C. wrote D. writes
28. --- Your spoken English is much better.
--- Thank you. My teacher often asks us ___________English as __________as possible.
A. to speak, many B. not to speak, much
C. to speak, much D. not to speak, more
29. It's getting dark. Please ______________the light.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up
30. Martin is good at fishing, ________________?
A. is he B. does he C. isn't he D. doesn't he
31. -- Do you know him well?
--- Sure. We _____________friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
32. Cars and buses ___________stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. need C. may D. must
33. John fell asleep _____________he was listening to the music.
A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
34. --- May I speak to John?
--- Sorry, he ____________Japan. But he _________in two days.
A. has been to, will come back B. has gone to, will be back
C. has been in, would come back D. has gone to, won't cone back
35. --- Do you know __________________?
--- They moved here soon after their son was born.
A. when would the Greens move here B. when the Greens moved here
C. the Greens would move here D. when the Greens would move here
36. Your bedroom is very big, but ___________is rather small.
A. she B. Jane C. her D. hers
37. _____________book on the desk is___________ useful one.
A．The; an B．A; a C．The; a D．The; /
38. --- When was our Party founded?
--- It was founded _________________.
A．on October 1,1949 B．in May, 1922
C．on July 1,1921 D．in August, 1927
39. This maths problem is____________ and I can do it_____________ .
A．easy; easily B．easily; easily C．easy; easy D．easily; easy
40. --- They are thirsty. Will you please give them_____________ ?
--- Certainly.
A．some bottles of waters B．some bottles of water
C．some bottle of water D．some bottle of waters
41. There is still a little orange here, but_____________ people want to drink it.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
42. Mr. Yu gave some new words to Lucy and asked her to_____________ on the blackboard.
A．write it down B．write them down
C．write down it D．write down them
43. --- Must I finish my homework now?
--- No, you__________ .You may have a rest first.
A．mustn't B．can't C．may not D．needn't
44. --- When did you go to bed last night?
--- I didn't go bed ____________my father got home.
A．until B．while C．after D．when
45. --- Does you sister remember to return the library book today?
--- Oh, yes. Thank you. She's_______________ it for two weeks.
A．kept B．had C．borrowed D．keeping
46. The teacher told Xiao Ming_______________ late for school again.
A．not to be B．not be C．don't be D．not to
47. Could you tell me__________________ ?
A．where does Li Lei work B．where did Li Lei work
C．where Li Lei works D．where Li Lei worked
48. --- Jone could swim when she was only four years old.
--- ______________clever the girl was!
A．How B．What a C．What D．How a
49. --- Where's Tom now?
--- He________________ the post office.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to D．goes to
50. --- Hi, Kate. We're going to help Grandma Li with her housework this Saturday afternoon.
--- _________________________.
A．So I am B．So do I C．So I do D．So am I
【練習(xí)答案】
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.D 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.B 30.C 31.B 32.D 33. C 34.B35.A 36.D 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.A 46.A 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.D
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