博古睿講座16
Berggruen Seminars 16
講座 | Lecture
大數(shù)據(jù)對科學(xué)的底層思維之挑戰(zhàn)
Challenges Posed by Big Data on the Foundations of Scientific Thinking
對話背景 | Event Background
科學(xué)植根于人類對確定性的追求，目標(biāo)是能夠?qū)κ篱g萬物可理解、可解釋、可操控。這種對確定性的追求主要表現(xiàn)為通過研究去探尋事物發(fā)生發(fā)展的因果關(guān)系；其底層思維是建立在決定論的基礎(chǔ)之上。大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的到來給決定論帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。萬物互聯(lián)并彼此影響，形成了一個(gè)開放而無邊界的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，因此，事物之間的本質(zhì)關(guān)系是相關(guān)性而非因果性，因果性只不過是小數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的一種科學(xué)幻象。大數(shù)據(jù)帶來的不再是經(jīng)典科學(xué)時(shí)代那種完備而確定的真理，而是不完備的、可以反復(fù)“迭代”的知識。
Science is rooted in the human pursuit of certainty. Its practitioners seek to render worldly phenomena understandable, explicable, and manipulable. This pursuit of certainty manifests mainly as an inquiry into causal relationships underpinning the occurrence and development of phenomena. Scientific thinking is originally built upon the notion of determinism.
However, the advent of big data has created huge challenges for determinism. Interconnectivity and mutual influence have created an open and borderless Internet of Things. As such, the essential relationship between things is no longer causal, but correlative. Causality is merely a scientific illusion of the “small data era”. Big data’s rise will necessitate a shift toward “iteration” of knowledge rather than “a complete certainty of the truth”— an old-fashioned idea from the classical science era.
內(nèi)容主題 | Key Discussion Topics
如何平衡科學(xué)的開放性與完備性之間的關(guān)系？
能否通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)或者實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得滿足因果關(guān)系的必要充分條件？
如何區(qū)分或者界定小數(shù)據(jù)和大數(shù)據(jù)？
How can we seek a balance between openness and completeness in the realm of scientific inquiry?
Can methods of experience and experiment yield outcomes that reliably determine cause and effect?
How should we define “small data?” What distinguishes it from “big data?”
主講嘉賓 | Speaker
吳家睿
中國科學(xué)院分子細(xì)胞科學(xué)卓越創(chuàng)新中心研究員
1994年在瑞士蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院獲博士學(xué)位。1994-1997在美國紐約州立大學(xué)健康科學(xué)中心從事博士后研究?，F(xiàn)任國科大杭州高等研究院生命與健康科學(xué)學(xué)院執(zhí)行院長，中科院系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任；浙江省系統(tǒng)健康科學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室（培育）主任?！禞ournal of Molecular Cell Biology》主編；《BMC Systems Biology》副主編；《生命的化學(xué)》副主編，《醫(yī)學(xué)與哲學(xué)》副主編。中國生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)會分子系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)專業(yè)委員會主任委員；國家自然科學(xué)基金委員會化學(xué)科學(xué)部第八屆專家咨詢委員會委員。國家杰出青年基金獲得者（1998），中科院百人計(jì)劃入選者（1998）；上海市領(lǐng)軍人才入選者（2009）。
吳家睿實(shí)驗(yàn)室主要采用系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)方法研究糖尿病和腫瘤等重大慢性病發(fā)生與發(fā)展的分子機(jī)制。目前已經(jīng)在國際學(xué)術(shù)刊物發(fā)表了100多篇研究論文。
WU Jiarui
Researcher, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
After receiving his Ph.D. from ETH Zürich in 1994, Dr. Wu Jiarui served as a postdoctoral researcher at the State University of New York Health Science Center until 1997. Currently, he is the executive dean of the School of Life and Health Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Hangzhou; director of the UCAS Hangzhou Advanced Research Institute; director of the Zhejiang Province System Health Science Primary Laboratory; editor-in-chief of the Journal of Molecular Cell Biology; associate editor of BMC Systems Biology; associate editor of Chemistry of Life; and associate editor of Medicine & Philosophy. Dr. Wu chairs the professional committee at the Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He is also a member of the Eighth Expert Advisory Committee in the chemical sciences division of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In 1998, he received a grant from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and was selected for the Hundred Talents Program at CAS. In 2009, he was named as one of Shanghai’s leading talents.
Dr. Wu’s laboratory uses systems biology methods to study the molecular mechanisms behind the appearance and evolution of chronic diseases such as diabetes and tumors. He has published over 100 research papers in international academic journals.
主持嘉賓 | Moderator
白書農(nóng)
北京大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院教授
2020-2021博古睿學(xué)者
北京大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院教授。自從1983年開始接受研究生訓(xùn)練以來對不同植物發(fā)育事件的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，引導(dǎo)他對植物發(fā)育形成了不同于主流的觀點(diǎn)。白書農(nóng)認(rèn)為當(dāng)下需要復(fù)興現(xiàn)代植物學(xué)奠基者的觀點(diǎn)，即一棵植株不是一個(gè)類似于一個(gè)動物的個(gè)體，而是一個(gè)很多“個(gè)體”聚生的“聚合體”。他所提出的有關(guān)植物發(fā)育的“植物形態(tài)建成123”理論，將之前提出的“植物發(fā)育單位”、“有性生殖周期”、“植物發(fā)育程序”等新概念整合成為一個(gè)自洽的邏輯體系。為理解植物發(fā)育過程的內(nèi)在動力，白書農(nóng)還對探討生命本質(zhì)問題產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。他認(rèn)為，“什么是’活’”才是理解生命的根本問題。與兩位數(shù)學(xué)家合作，他提出了“活”的本質(zhì)是“結(jié)構(gòu)換能量循環(huán)”。
BAI Shunong
Professor, School of Life Sciences at Peking University
2020-2021 Berggruen Fellow
Bai Shunong is a professor at the School of Life Sciences, Peking University. Since his postgraduate training in 1983, Professor Bai’s experimental research on plant development has led him to form original perspectives on plant cultivation. He believes that it is necessary to revive the views held by founders of modern botany — such that plants are not individual organisms like animals; instead, they are an “aggregate” of many “individuals”. The “Plant Morphology 123” theory he proposed regarding plant development integrates recent novel concepts such as “plant development unit”, “sexual reproduction cycle”, and “plant development program” into a fixed system. While trying to understand the internal dynamics of plant development, Bai Shunong has also developed a keen interest in exploring the nature of life. He believes that the question: “what does 'living’ mean?” is fundamental to understanding life. In cooperation with two mathematicians, he proposed that the essence of 'living' is, in fact the 'structure for energy cycle'.
時(shí)間 | Time
2021.09.28 19:00-20:30 | 北京時(shí)間 Beijing Time
觀眾日程 | Agenda
19:00 – 19:05 開場簡介｜Opening Remarks
19:05 – 19:50 主旨演講｜Keynote Speech
19:50 – 20:30 觀眾問答｜Q & A
報(bào)名方式 | Registration
請掃碼報(bào)名參加在單向空間·東風(fēng)店的現(xiàn)場活動
Please scan to register for the seminar at OWSpace Dongfeng
直播平臺 | Streaming Platform
嗶哩嗶哩 Bilibili
http://live.bilibili.com/22575361
掃碼觀看 Scan to Watch
語言 | Language
中文 Chinese
主辦單位 | Language
北京大學(xué)博古睿研究中心 | 思想改變世界
聚焦東西方對話，對影響人類變革的深刻變化開展跨文化、跨學(xué)科研究。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注前沿技術(shù)和社會治理等相關(guān)主題，特別是人工智能、基因編輯對人類社會發(fā)展的影響，以及全球治理和全球化等議題。
Berggruen Research Center, Peking University | Ideas for a changing world
The Berggruen Research Center is a hub for East-West research and dialogue dedicated to the cross-cultural and interdisciplinary study of the transformations affecting humanity. Intellectual themes focus on frontier technologies and society—specifically in artificial intelligence, the microbiome and gene editing as well as issues involving global governance and globalization.
我們生活在一個(gè)充滿偉大變革的時(shí)代。通過搭建全球?qū)υ捚脚_、推動跨文化交流、促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)與思想創(chuàng)新、打造新型治理政策，博古睿研究院致力于增進(jìn)人類對這個(gè)變革時(shí)代的深度理解，培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展新的思想和理念，助力全球各機(jī)構(gòu)、政策制定者以及公眾應(yīng)對影響人類的深刻變化。
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