1.英語(yǔ)中，反意疑問(wèn)句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問(wèn)句組成。其中附加疑問(wèn)句是對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)的事實(shí)
或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)，起證實(shí)作用，一般用于證實(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)者所說(shuō)的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)。翻譯為
“是嗎"
回答時(shí)，如果情況屬實(shí)，用Yes加上反問(wèn)句的倒裝肯定句；如果情況不屬實(shí)，則用No加上反問(wèn)句的倒裝否定句。例如You were moved by your students, weren’t
you?情況屬實(shí)：Yes, I were. 情況不屬實(shí)：No, I weren’t.
1．陳述部分肯定式+疑問(wèn)部分否定式可記為前肯后否定.
They work hard, don’t they?
2．陳述部分否定式+疑問(wèn)部分肯定式可記為前否后肯定.
You didn't go, did you?
句子類(lèi)型：一種是反義的附加疑問(wèn)句，一種是非反義的附加疑問(wèn)句。
簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，就是“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。
編輯本段讀法規(guī)則
反義疑問(wèn)句陳述部分用降調(diào)，問(wèn)句部分可升可降。提問(wèn)者對(duì)陳述部分把握較大時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分用降調(diào)；反之用升調(diào)。
前肯后否，前否后肯，前be后be，前無(wú)be后加助,時(shí)態(tài)一致。
附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用和主句一致的主語(yǔ)，用主格。附加疑問(wèn)句隨從句。
不定代詞
當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是
?。?）用one時(shí)，后面的疑問(wèn)句可用one/he.
?。?）用no one時(shí)，后面附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用they。
?。?）everything,anything,nothing,something時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用it 不用they
?。?）this, that,或those, these時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用it或they.
?。?）everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，anyone，nobody等，附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)一般用he（書(shū)面語(yǔ)）/they（口頭語(yǔ)）.
（6）不定式，動(dòng)名詞，其他短語(yǔ)，附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)一般用it。
?。?）在there be句型中，附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)一般用be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+there。
特殊句型編輯本段否定意義的詞
(1)當(dāng)陳述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely ，no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意義的詞匯時(shí)，后面的反意疑問(wèn)句則為肯定形式：
There are few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(2)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用they或he：
Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they\isn't he？
?。?）當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it：
Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?
(4)當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定詞綴的派生詞，也就是有un,dis,no-前綴、less-后綴等含有詞綴而意思否定的詞，當(dāng)做肯定句處理，疑問(wèn)部分要用否定形式。如：
He looks unhappy,doesn’t he? 他看上去不高興，不是嗎？
The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she? 這女孩不喜歡歷史，不是嗎？有l(wèi)ess, fewer等詞視為肯定詞，疑問(wèn)部分用否定形式。
如:There will be less pollution, won't there?
表示主語(yǔ)的詞
含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句在構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，視情況不同有兩種不同的構(gòu)成方式?！。串?dāng)主句是I think，I believe，I suppose，I imagine，I expect時(shí)要反問(wèn)從句，其余句式均反問(wèn)主句。）
(1)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，其后的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句應(yīng)與從句相一致。例如：
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
值得注意的是，當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句時(shí)，其仍屬否定句，故其后的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定式，而非否定式。例如：
I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
此類(lèi)句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑問(wèn)句一樣，如上述后一個(gè)句子，若雙胞胎已經(jīng)到了，則回答為"Yes, they have."；若尚未到達(dá)，使用"No, they haven't."。
(2)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，其后的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句則應(yīng)與主句相一致（此時(shí)，否定只看主句，與從句無(wú)關(guān)）。例如：
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
(3)但如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)等等，疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)和主句的人稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
better或have
陳述部分有had better,或其中的had表示完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用hadn’t等開(kāi)頭：
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
其他情況句中有have時(shí)疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用don't等開(kāi)頭
如have表示“有”的時(shí)候，有兩種形式：（have 表示有可用do或have來(lái)改寫(xiě)）
-He has two sisters,doesn’t he? =He has two sisters, hasn’t he?
-He doesn't have any sisters,does he?
祈使句
當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句要根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá)，分三種情況：
1）一般情況下用will you 或won't you。
Give me a hand, will you?
Leave all the things as they are, won’t you?
2)以L(fǎng)et's（聽(tīng)者包括在內(nèi)）開(kāi)頭的祈使句，前肯后可肯可否，疑問(wèn)句必須用shall we（shall只用于第一人稱(chēng)）;只有以L(fǎng)et us（聽(tīng)話(huà)人不被包括在“us”里面）或Let me開(kāi)頭的祈使句，問(wèn)句才用will you。
Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?
Let's try again, shall we?
Let me help you, will you?
Let’s have a look on your book，shall we？
3)當(dāng)陳述句是否定的祈使句時(shí)，問(wèn)句可用will you 或can you 。
e.g. don’t make much noise, will/can you?
There be句型
There be 句型中，反義疑問(wèn)部分必須為be 動(dòng)詞 + there
There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
There isn't any milk left, is there?
Must
.當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，問(wèn)句有4種情況：
?。?）mustn't表示“禁止，不可，不必”時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把車(chē)停在這地方，知道嗎？
（2）must表示“有必要”時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他們今天要完成這項(xiàng)工作，是嗎？
?。?）當(dāng)must用來(lái)表示對(duì)現(xiàn) 在的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，問(wèn)句通常要根據(jù)must后面的動(dòng)詞采用相應(yīng)的形式。
He must be good at English, isn’the? 他英語(yǔ)一定學(xué)得很好，是嗎？
She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she? 她一定是位優(yōu)秀的英語(yǔ)老師，是嗎？
?。?）當(dāng)must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)（一般句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），問(wèn)句要根據(jù)陳述部分謂語(yǔ)的情況用“didn't+主語(yǔ)”或“wasn't/weren't+主語(yǔ)”；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成（一般沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），問(wèn)句要用“haven't/hasn't+主語(yǔ)”。
She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?
她上星期一定讀了這本小說(shuō)，不是嗎？
You must have told her about it, haven’t you?
你一定把這事告訴她了，不是嗎？
回答 反意疑問(wèn)句的回答：前肯后否，前否后肯，根據(jù)事實(shí)從后往前翻譯。如：
（1）They work hard,don’t they?他們努力工作，不是嗎？
Yes, they do.對(duì),他們工作努力。/No, they don't.不，他們工作不努力
?。?）They don’t work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作，是嗎？
Yes, they do. 不，他們工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的， 他們工作不努力
否定反義疑問(wèn)句的回答
當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式，反義疑問(wèn)句為否定式時(shí)，其回答一般不會(huì)造成困難，一般只需照情況回答即可：
"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的，不是嗎？”“是，是新的?！?/p>
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去，不是嗎？”“不，他不想去?！?/p>
此時(shí)，"Yes"即是，對(duì)前面"It's new."的肯定。
回答反義疑問(wèn)句的原則
回答反意疑問(wèn)句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)確定，如有人問(wèn)你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你應(yīng)回答No, I’m not. 因?yàn)榧热荒隳芑卮?，肯定你還沒(méi)有asleep。但如果別人問(wèn)你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你還沒(méi)有睡著，對(duì)嗎)，你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的，還沒(méi)有睡著)，而不能回答為Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flower，isn't it？” “It isn't a beautiful flower，is it？”
上述兩句句子的回答肯定均為“Yes，it is."否定為“No，it isn't."
由上述例子可知，反義疑問(wèn)句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義并無(wú)太大關(guān)聯(lián)，只需注意事實(shí)，肯定即用yes，否定用no，無(wú)需考慮句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。
建議在答題時(shí)，先按照實(shí)際寫(xiě)后面的答句，再根據(jù)前后一致原則寫(xiě)Yes或No。
口訣
反意疑問(wèn)并不難，陳述疑問(wèn)句中含。
前后肯否恰相反，否定詞綴不能算。
主謂時(shí)態(tài)要一致，特殊情況記心田。
實(shí)際情況來(lái)回答，再把yes和no揀。
綜上所述，反義疑問(wèn)句回答就是按實(shí)際情況回答。
對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的回答，無(wú)論問(wèn)題的提法如何，如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes，事實(shí)是否定的，就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定式提問(wèn)時(shí)，回答yes或no與漢語(yǔ)正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”，no要譯成“是”。
例：—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜歡踢足球，不是嗎？
—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議，是嗎？
—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她參加了。/ 是的，她沒(méi)參加。
簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)反意疑問(wèn)句19條：
1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I，疑問(wèn)部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish，疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (開(kāi)花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問(wèn)部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語(yǔ)。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問(wèn)部分常用don't +主語(yǔ)（didn't +主語(yǔ)）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問(wèn)部分多用 wouldn't +主語(yǔ)。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問(wèn)部分用wouldn't +主語(yǔ)。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感嘆句中，疑問(wèn)部分用用否定的助動(dòng)詞加sb/sth？如：
1）What a fine day it is today！
What a fine day it is today，isn“t it？
2）How fast he runs！
How fast he runs，doesn”t he？
3）What a long time we have been waiting！
What a long time we have been waiting ，haven“t we？[1]
12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況：
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分常用 need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語(yǔ)。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問(wèn)部分用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
有些動(dòng)詞如：cost hurt hit put 等，它們的過(guò)去時(shí)與原型相同，在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它們是什么時(shí)態(tài)：
20）The skirt made of silk cost you a lot of money，（ ）？
A.didn't it B.didn't you
C.doesn't it D.don't you
句中主語(yǔ)是the skirt，排除 B D，主語(yǔ)是三單，可斷定cost是過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選 A 。
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)部分
I/主語(yǔ) aren't I / are I
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含義的詞 肯定含義
含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，視為肯定含義 否定含義
ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語(yǔ)
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(yǔ)(didn't +主語(yǔ))
used to+v. didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定
感嘆句 be +主語(yǔ)
指示代詞或不定代詞everything,that,nothing,this 主語(yǔ)用it
并列復(fù)合句 謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定
定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主語(yǔ)
dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do/don't +主語(yǔ)
省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句 will/won't you？
Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語(yǔ)代詞）
否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式
幾乎各國(guó)語(yǔ)言中都有反義疑問(wèn)句存在。在不同的語(yǔ)言中，由于語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的差異，對(duì)反義疑問(wèn)句的回答方法各有不同。其中不外乎兩種：
一、以中文為代表的反義疑問(wèn)句
以中文為代表的反義疑問(wèn)句包括中文，俄語(yǔ)等。其特點(diǎn)是“‘是’或‘不是’表示我同意或不同意對(duì)方說(shuō)的話(huà)”
如中文：你難道不喜歡看電影么？
當(dāng)回答：
不，我喜歡。
此時(shí)，說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為對(duì)方說(shuō)得不對(duì)，所以用“不”來(lái)首先回答。
二、以英文為代表的反義疑問(wèn)句
以英文為代表的反義疑問(wèn)句除英文外尚有德語(yǔ)，法語(yǔ)等。其特點(diǎn)是“‘是’或‘不是’表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)事實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)”
如德語(yǔ)Es regnet nicht?（外面沒(méi)在下雨么？）
回答：
Nein，es regnet nicht（是的，沒(méi)在下雨）
說(shuō)話(huà)人本人認(rèn)為沒(méi)在下雨，所以用表示否定的Nein事先回答
以上是各種語(yǔ)言中可能出現(xiàn)的反義疑問(wèn)句的情況，在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)認(rèn)真體會(huì)，確保不出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤
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