《國際藥用菌雜志》（International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms）創(chuàng)辦人兼主編，國際藥用菌大會名譽(yù)主席，以色列海法大學(xué)Solomon P. Wasser教授發(fā)表的一篇名為《藥用菌在人類臨床研究中的應(yīng)用》的綜述，在第一部分中，他主要闡述了藥用菌的抗癌、抗腫瘤和免疫調(diào)節(jié)活性。
藥用菌被認(rèn)為具有130多種藥用功能，包括抗腫瘤、免疫調(diào)節(jié)、抗氧化、清除自由基、保護(hù)心血管、抗高膽固醇、抗病毒、抗菌、抗寄生蟲、抗真菌、解毒、保肝、降糖等作用。很多高等擔(dān)子菌在子實(shí)體、人工培養(yǎng)菌絲體和培養(yǎng)液中含有生物活性化合物，其中多糖已受到特別關(guān)注。藥用菌中的許多生物活性多糖或多糖蛋白質(zhì)復(fù)合物增強(qiáng)了先天性和細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的免疫應(yīng)答，并且它們在動物和人類中顯示出抗腫瘤活性。雖然它們的抗腫瘤作用機(jī)制尚不完全清楚，但這些化合物對關(guān)鍵機(jī)體免疫反應(yīng)的刺激和調(diào)節(jié)似乎是核心?，F(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)最重要的是多糖和具有抗腫瘤及免疫刺激特性的低分子量次級代謝產(chǎn)物。
全世界已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了600多項(xiàng)研究，發(fā)表了許多關(guān)于藥用菌的人類臨床試驗(yàn)。一些藥用菌化合物已經(jīng)通過了I期、II期和III期臨床研究，在亞洲被廣泛用于治療各種癌癥和其他疾病，療效顯著。
為了顯示藥用菌的有效性和安全性，必須進(jìn)行高質(zhì)量、長期、隨機(jī)、雙盲和安慰劑對照的藥用菌臨床研究，包括大規(guī)模的人群研究以保證統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)效力。臨床試驗(yàn)必須獲得關(guān)于藥用菌衍生藥物及制劑有效性和安全性的充分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。本文重點(diǎn)討論了藥用菌在抗癌、抗腫瘤和免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用的臨床研究結(jié)果以及藥用菌的流行病學(xué)研究。
Solomon P. Wasser
International Centre for Biotechnology and Biodiversity of Fungi Institute of Evolution and Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
More than 130 medicinal functions are thought to be produced by medicinal mushrooms (MMs) and fungi, including antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, detoxification, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Many, if not all, higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms contain biologically active compounds in fruit bodies, cultured mycelia, and cultured broth. Special attention has been paid to mushroom polysaccharides. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides or polysaccharide-protein complexes from MMs seem to enhance innate and cell-mediated immune responses, and they exhibit antitumor activities in animals and humans. While the mechanism of their antitumor actions is still not completely understood, stimulation and modulation of key host immune responses by these mushroom compounds seems to be central. Most important for modern medicine are polysaccharides and low–molecular weight secondary metabolites with antitumor and immunostimulating properties. More than 600 studies have been conducted worldwide, and numerous human clinical trials on MMs have been published. Several of the mushroom compounds have proceeded through phase I, II, and III clinical studies and are used extensively and successfully in Asia to treat various cancers and other diseases. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of and analyze the literature on clinical trials using MMs with human anticancer, oncoimmunological, and immunomodulatory activities. High-quality, long-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies of MMs, including well-sized population studies are definitely needed in order to yield statistical power showing their efficacy and safety. Clinical trials must obtain sufficient data on the efficacy and safety of MM-derived drugs and preparations. Discussion of results based on clinical studies of the anticancer, oncoimmunological, and immunomodulating activity of MMs are highlighted. Epidemiological studies with MMs are also discussed.
原文發(fā)表于：International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 19, 2017 Issue 4, p 279-317.
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