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《牛津小學英語》語法復習
《牛津小學英語》語法復習
一、時態(tài)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或事情,通常用 usually通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有時,always總是,”等詞。
2)基本結(jié)構(gòu):
I / You / We / They
 He / She / It
   肯定句
   動詞原形
動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式
   否定句
  don’t  + 動原
doesn’t  + 動原
一般疑問句(Yes/No)
 Do… ? Yes, I do.
Does…(動詞原形)…?No,she doesn’t.
特殊疑問句
What do …?
How does she…(動詞原形)…?
(3) 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(同名詞單數(shù)變成復數(shù)方法相同)
1
一般情況
 +s
 如:walk-walks
2.
輔音字母+y結(jié)尾
y +ies
fly-flies
3.
結(jié)尾是 s, x sh, ch
+es
watch-watches
4.
特殊的
do-does ,have-has, go-goes
 
2.現(xiàn)在進行時,
1)表示正在發(fā)生的動作,通常用“now現(xiàn)在, look看,linsen”.
  2)基本形式: be + 動詞ing
    eg:  I am(not)  doing my homework.
You/We/They   are(not)   reading.
He/She/It   is(not)  eating.
What are you doing? 
Is he reading?
  3)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動詞+ing
一般情況                
+ing 
walk—walking
結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的 e
-e + ing
come—coming
重讀閉音節(jié)
 雙寫最后一個字母+ing
run-running
swim-swimming
 
3. 一般過去時
(1)       表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “last …上一個…, just now剛才, a moment ago剛才, yesterday昨天等詞。
(2)       be 動詞的過去式:  am/is—was     are—were
   3)過去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)
   肯定句(Positive
 動詞過去式
 I went shopping last night.
   否定句(Negative)
Didn’t + 動詞原形
I didn’t go shopping last night.
一般疑問句(Yes/No)
Did …+ 動詞原形…?
Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑問句(wh-)
What did…+ 動詞原形…?
What did you do last night?
  4)詞過去式的變化:
規(guī)則動詞的變化:
一般動詞   
+ed
planted,watered,climbed
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾                   
+d
liked
輔音字母加y結(jié)尾
-y+ ied
study—studied, cry- cried
重讀閉音節(jié)單詞,末尾只有一個輔音字母
雙寫最后一個字母+ed
stop –stopped
plan - planned
不規(guī)則動詞的變化:
原形
過去式
原形
過去式
原形
過去式
原形
過去式
sweep
swept
teach
taught
have
 had
go
went
keep
kept
think
 thought
do
 did
find
found
sleep
slept
buy
 bought
eat
 ate
say
said
feel
felt
drink
 drank
is/am
 was
take
took
read
read
give
 gave
are
 were
mean
meant
put
put
sing
 sang
drive
drove
meet
met
cut
cut
begin
 began
speak
spoke
make
made
let
let
ring
rang
write
 wrote
see
saw
fly
flew
run
 ran
ride
 rode
come
came
draw
drew
sit
 sat
hear
heard
tell
told
grow
grew
learn
learned/ learnt
get
got
know
knew
 
4.一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday等時間狀語連用。
結(jié)構(gòu):be going to +動詞原形或will +動詞原形
例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
 
二、人稱代詞
 
主格
we
you
he
she
it
they
賓格
me 
us
you
him
her
it
them
形容詞性物主代詞
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
名詞性物主代詞
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theris
                       
(注:介詞,動詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時用名詞性物主代詞。)
 
三、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式
1.一般名詞:                   + s         a book –books
2.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾:      - y+ ies       a story—stories
3.s, x,sh, ch ,結(jié)尾:      + es          a glass—glasses;a watch-watches
4.ffe結(jié)尾:       - f fe 變?yōu)?/font> ves   a knife –knives  a shelf-shelves
5.特殊的名詞復數(shù)
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
 
四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復數(shù)形式)
  bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee
 
五、縮略形式
  I’m = I am     you’re = you are    she’s = she is    he’s = he is /he has(got)
  it’s = it is     who’s =who is     can’t =can not   isn’t=is not   didn’t=did not   weren’t=were not   wasn’t=was not  let’s=let us   I’ll=I will
 
六、a. an .the的用法
1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音:a book,    a peach   a “U”
單詞的第一個讀音是元音讀音:an egg, an hour,   an “F”
2.the要注意的:球類前面不加the,樂器前面要加the,序數(shù)詞前面要加the。
 
七、介詞
  1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.,under
  2.表示時間:
   1at : 幾點前面用at如:at six o’clock, 沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如 at Christmas,  固定詞組 at the weekends ,at night
2on: 星期前用on 如:on Monday ,日期前用on 如:on the 15th of July   帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如: on National Day
3in: 早晨,中午,晚上前用inin the morning ,in the afternoon in the evening ,月份前用in ,如in December ,季節(jié)前用in ,如 winter
 
八、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法
  1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。如:seventh第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第十三, 2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞,變yi,再加上eth。如:twentieth 第二十。
3.不規(guī)則的。如:first 第一, second 第二, third 第三,fifth 第五, eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。
4.有兩個或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。
 
九、some /any的用法
1.肯定句中用someI have some toys in my bedroom.
2.問句和否定句中用angDo you have any brothers or sisters?
                       He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
3.詢問想要什么時用someWould you like some juice? 
                 Can I have some stamps?
                                                                                                                     
十、 there be結(jié)構(gòu)
1.肯定句(有…): There is +單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞
There are +復數(shù)
注:遵循就近原則,看靠there  be最近的
2.一般疑問句(有…嗎?):Is there …?   Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…?   Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
3.否定句(沒有): There isn’t ….   There aren’t….
4.there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。

十一、祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t  sit down, please.
Let’s go to the park.
(注:祈使句中動詞用原形)
 
十二、(情態(tài))動詞can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動詞原形。
1. I / He / She / They can sing.     May I come in?     I must go now.
2. You should be quiet in the library.
3. You’ll be good friends.
 
十三、形容詞和副詞的比較級
一、形容詞的比較級
1、兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:
一般在詞尾加er
以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;
以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:
  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動)
  ⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be
動詞之后
  ⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)

十四、特殊疑問句
   What
(問什么事,什么物或什么工作
What are you doing?
I’m reading.
What is that?
It’s a book.
hat is she?(What’s her job?)
She’s a nurse.
What colour(問顏色)
What colour is your coat?              
It’s red.
What time(時間)
What time is it?
What’s the time?
It’s seven.
when
(什么時候)
When do you get up?
I get up at six thirty.
When is your birthday?
It’s on the 21st of December.
Which(哪一個)
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
The yellow is mine.
  Who(誰)
Who is the man with a big nose?
He’s my uncle.
Whose(誰的)
Whose bag is it?
Whose is this bag?
It’s his bag.
Where(哪里)
Where is my ball pen?
It’s under the book.
Why(為什么)
Why do you like summer?
I like summer because…
How many (多少)
How many books are there in the school bag?
There are four books in the school bag.
How old (幾歲)
How old is the young man?
He’s nineteen.
How much(多少錢)
How much is the toy bear?
It’s eleven yuan.
How (怎么樣)
How do you go to school everyday?
I go to school by car.

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