第六節(jié) 主謂一致
主謂一致有許多原則,概括起來不外乎三種一致原則,即:語法形式一致;概念一致(語言內容上一致);毗鄰一致(謂語動詞的單復數形式和緊位于其前的主語一致)。另外,根據代詞應該在人稱、數、性等方面與所指的詞保持一致,還有指代一致。
一、語法形式一致
1、單數主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子作主語,謂語動詞要用單數形式。復數主語,用and或both…and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語,謂語動詞則用復數形式。例如:
Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務是我最大的幸福。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我們是否去要取決于天氣的好賴。
What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所尋求的都在這個論文中體現了出來。
2、由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結構跟在主語后面,不能看作是并列主語,該主語不受這些詞組引導的插入語的影響,主語如是單數,其謂語動詞仍然用單數形式。例如:
The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.教材加上參考書對大學學生是非常有益的。
The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.那個人和他妻兒老小坐在沙發(fā)上看電視。
3、有些代詞只能指單數可數名詞,當它們在句子中作主語時,盡管在意義上是多數,謂語動詞仍要用單數形式。這類代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如:
Neither likes the friends of the other. 兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。
Everything around us is matter. 我們周圍的所有東西都是物質。
4、當and連結的兩個名詞是指同一個人或同一件事,and后的名詞前沒有冠詞,謂語動詞應該用單數形式;在and后面的名詞前有冠詞,謂語就用復數形式。例如:
The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早飯供應黃油面包。
The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黃油和面包。
5、當one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結構作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:
One of those students has passed the examination. 這些學生只有一個考試及格了。
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.為語音課提前準備了一系列錄音磁帶。
6、由one and a half + 復數名詞或the majority of + 名詞作作主語時,謂語動詞視名詞的單復數形式而定。例如:
The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的損壞品都容易修理。
7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可數與不可數名詞作主語時,不可數名詞的謂語只用單數,可數名詞的謂語視可數名詞的單復數而定。例如:
There is plenty of water in the pail. 桶里還有好多水。
There are plenty of eggs in the box. 箱子里有好多雞蛋。
8、由more than one (或more than one + 單數名詞),many a + 單數名詞作主語,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:
More than one student has passed the examination. 不止一個學生通過了這次考試。
Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 許多孩子在認字前就學會了游泳。
9、如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分數或百分數 + of + 名詞”,謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復數形式。例如:
Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已經收回了。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 到場的三分之二的人都反對這個計劃。
10、定語從句謂語動詞的單復數形式應與先行詞一致。例如:
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 被選出來代表該組的人他是其中之一。
“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.“鎮(zhèn)靜”是事故發(fā)生時應當牢記的第一條原則。
本站僅提供存儲服務,所有內容均由用戶發(fā)布,如發(fā)現有害或侵權內容,請
點擊舉報。