weixinwbp2014
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M7 A famous story
1. a girl called Alice.
此處called為過去分詞，修飾girl，放在名詞之后。相當(dāng)于named.
2.fall down 跌倒，掉下 fall behind 跟不上，落在……后面 fall into 落入……中
fall off 從……上掉下來 fall back 退回fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病
Eg：She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.
Leaves fall off the trees in fall.
They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.
3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.
l in a tree (外來物或人)在樹上
on a tree (樹上本身有的東西：apple等)在樹上
Eg：There is a bird in the tree.
There are a lot of apples on the tree.
l smile at sb 對(duì)sb微笑
Eg：Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.
4.“到達(dá)”的表達(dá)：
arrive in+大地點(diǎn) get to +地點(diǎn) reach +地點(diǎn)
at+小地點(diǎn) (get home\there\here)
5. have a tea party 舉辦茶會(huì)
6. To see if you remember the story.
l To see 為不定式，在此處作目的狀語，表示“為了看看”
l If引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句，表示“是否”，不充當(dāng)任何成分，與whether可以互換
7. have nothing to do 沒什么事可做 nothing\something to eat\drink
nothing 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)
8. once or twice=from time to time 偶爾
Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.
once 一次 twice 兩次 三次及以上：數(shù)詞+times three times six times
9. what……for?=why……? 為什么? ；……有什么用?
Eg：(1) ---What are you sitting on the eggs for? ---I’m sitting on them to hatch the chicks.
(2) ---Why are you late again? ---Because there is an accident on the road.
10. nothing strange 沒什么奇怪的事
形容詞strange作后置定語，修飾不定代詞nothing。在英語中，當(dāng)形容修飾不定代詞something\anything\nothing\everything等時(shí)，形容詞必須放在不定代詞后面，作后置定語。
Eg：I have something important to do. There is something strange appeared in the sky.
11. hear sb do sth 聽到sb 做sth(此處是省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，類似的有make\let\have\help sb do sth 等)
hear sb doing sth 聽到sb 正在做sth
Eg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now. I hear someone singing in the room.
12.take sth out of sp 把sth從sp掏出 rush\jump out of sp 從sp沖\跳出去
13. across 表示動(dòng)作是在物體的表面進(jìn)行，如過河，過橋，過馬路。
through 表示動(dòng)作是在物體的內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行，如穿過森林、門、隧道，光線射入等
Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road. The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.
14. too……to…… 太……而不能…… Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.
拓展：(1) too……to……可以和so……that……互換
Eg：She is too young to go to school. =She is so young that she can’t go to school.
(2) too……to……可以和not……enough to……互換(not后的形容詞與too后的形容詞是相反的)
Eg：She is too young to go to school. =She is not old enough to go to school.
15. land on 落到……上；著陸 Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes.
16. 賓語從句：
(1) 定義：在主從復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)賓語成分的從句就叫做賓語從句。
(2) 位置：常在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。
(3) 引導(dǎo)詞：
l that 無意義，不充當(dāng)任何成分，?？梢允÷?；
l if\whether表示“是否”，不充當(dāng)任何成分，兩者可以互換，但有or not時(shí)只能用whether；
l who\what\where\when\why等表示“誰”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何時(shí)”、“為什么”，分別可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語和原因狀語，不可以省略。
(4) 語序：陳述句語序，即 “主語+謂語”
(5) 時(shí)態(tài)：
l 當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài)；
l 當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句可以使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)等)；
l 當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句表示一種客觀真理、事實(shí)時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Eg：I know (that) you met him yesterday.
He asked if I would come.
I don’t understand what you say.
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
M8 Accidents
1. on the phone 通過電話通話(on 表示“通過”)
2. look pale 看起來很蒼白
此處look作為半系動(dòng)詞，后跟adj. 常見的半系動(dòng)詞有taste\smell\sound\feel.
Eg：The music sounds good. The food tastes delicious. The sofa feels comfortable.
3. listen 聽(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的過程，后接賓語時(shí)需加to,即 listen to……)
hear 聽到(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽到的結(jié)果，后接do或doing)
Eg：We should listen to the teachers carefully. I hear someone singing in the next room. (我聽到有人正在隔壁房間唱歌)
I hear someone sing in the next room. (我聽到有人在隔壁房間唱歌)
4.appear(v.) 出現(xiàn) → appearance(n.) disappear(v.) 消失 Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.
5. hit 撞擊；打 Eg：The bus hits the bridge. He hits me on the head. 此外，hit 還可以作名詞，表示“轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的成功”
Eg：His song made a hit.
6. be glad to do sth 很高興去做sth Eg：I am glad to see you again.
7. in time 及時(shí) on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí) Eg：I hope you can come back in time. Please hand in your homework on time.
8. fall off=fall down from 從…摔下來你 fall asleep 入睡 fall into 掉入 fall in love with sb 愛上某人 fall behind 落在…后面
9. the risk of ……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) side by side 肩并肩 pay attention to 注意……(to 是一個(gè)介詞，后接名詞或doing
Eg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.
10. sometimes 有時(shí) some times 幾次；幾倍 sometime (將來或過去)某個(gè)時(shí)候 some time 一段時(shí)間
Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail. Remember it some times, or you will forget it.
Let’s have a party sometime next week. I will stay with you for some time.
11. try to do sth 試圖去做某事 try one’s best to do sth 盡某人全力去做某事 have a try 試一試
Eg：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself. We should try our best to save the animals in danger. Do you have a try? 12. pick up 撿起，拾起(代詞只能放中間，名詞放在中間或后面均可) pick sb up (開車)接某人 pick sth up 學(xué)會(huì)某事
Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday. Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.
13. call sb call up=ring up 打電話給sb call on 拜訪sb Eg：Call me up tomorrow. I called on my grandparents yesterday.
14. take photos 照相
15. hide—hid—hidden 隱藏 hide up 包庇(壞人) hide sth from sb 瞞著某人某事 hide out 躲藏
Eg：---Why did the policeman catch the man just now? ---He hid up the murderer. She hid her brother’s death from her parents.
16. throw—threw—thrown 扔；拋 throw away 拋棄 throw about 到處亂扔 throw at 向……扔去
Eg：Don’t throw about the waste paper. The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.
17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.
lie 此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“躺”。其過去式、過去分詞分別為lay，lain；現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。 He was lying on the bed.
lie 的其他用法：①不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“說謊”。過去式、過去分詞均為lied；現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。lie to sb 向sb撒謊
Eg：Don’t lie to me.
②不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“位于”。此時(shí)其過去式、過去分詞分別為lay，lain；現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。
Shandong lies in the east of China. 山東位于中國(guó)東部。
18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry
19. as 當(dāng)……時(shí)=when\while as……as 與……一樣 not as\so……as 與……不一樣
as……as possible盡可能=as……as sb can\could as soon as 一……就
Eg：He is as tall as me.
We should study as hard as possible. I will call you as soon as I get home.
20. send sth to sb=send sb sth show sth to stb=show sb sth
21. use A to do B 用A去做B → A be used to do B A被用來做B
get\be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做sth used to do sth 過去常常做sth
Eg：We can use the bamboo to make a basket. He is\gets used to getting up early. He used to get up early.
22. on one’s way to 在sb去……路上 get in the way 妨礙in this way 用這種方法
by the way 順便問下 in a way 在某種程度 take off (飛機(jī))起飛；脫下(衣服)
make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 決定做某事
語法全解：
when和while 都表示主從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生，但二者意義不盡相同。
1. when引導(dǎo)的從句可表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可表示時(shí)間段，從句的位于動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示時(shí)間段，從句中宜用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞作謂語。
They arrived while we were watching TV.
2. 含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的主從復(fù)合句，如果主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)該用一般過去式，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)后一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的突然性。
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.
3. 當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生，主從句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句多用while引導(dǎo)。
They were reading while we were writing .
4. 如果表示從句的動(dòng)作在主句的動(dòng)作“之前”或“之后”發(fā)生時(shí)，多用when，不用while。
此外，when還含有“at the moment “的意思，此時(shí)引導(dǎo)的句子不能放在句首，也不能用while來替換
主謂一致判斷法
主謂一致是指在一個(gè)英語句子中，主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致，這種一致性體現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be和助動(dòng)詞do, have的人稱和數(shù)上，以及實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)上
1. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
2. 動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
3. Either…or… : neither…nor…: not only…but also…: 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與鄰近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
4. 在here : there 開頭的倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的珠玉在數(shù)上保持一致。
M9 Population
1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.
Thepopulation of sp is……. 表示sp有多少人。
此外用sp has a population of……也可以表示sp有多少人。
形容人口（population）的多少用big/ large 或 small 當(dāng)population 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
●詢問某地有多少人口有兩種表達(dá)方法：
1．What’s the population of …
2. How large is the population of …
注意：詢問某地有多少人口時(shí)不用how many 和 how much
hundred\thousand\million\billion等前有數(shù)字，用單數(shù)形式 three hundred
hundred\thousand\million\billion等后有of，用復(fù)數(shù)形式 thousands of
2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(adj.) 吵鬧的 make noise 發(fā)出噪音 voice 指嗓音(人說話或唱歌) sound 指一切聲音
3. prepare 準(zhǔn)備 prepare for 為……做準(zhǔn)備 prepare to do sth 準(zhǔn)備去做某事.
Eg：They are preparing for the New Year. We prepare to go fishing next weekend.
4. report 報(bào)告；報(bào)道 make a report 做報(bào)告 reporter 記者，通訊員 notes 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 “筆記 隨筆” make notes 記筆記
5. such as \for example 例如，比如too much+不可數(shù)名詞 much too+adj. 太……too many+可數(shù)名詞
Eg： I like fruit, such as apples, bananas. I have too much homework to do today.
That dress is much too long for me. There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.
6. increase by+倍數(shù)\百分?jǐn)?shù) 增加了…… to+具體增長(zhǎng)后的數(shù)字 增加到……
Eg：The number of teachers increased by twice. The population of the town increased to 50000.
7. be born in+年份\地點(diǎn) I was born in 1985. of+家庭 He was born of a rich family.
8. one fifth 五分之一 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：分子在前，用基數(shù)詞；分母在后，用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母需要用復(fù)數(shù) 如：two thirds
9. hang on a minute. 稍等
10. quiet (adj.) 安靜的；寧?kù)o的 quietly(adv.) 安靜地 quite ( adv.)相當(dāng)，十分
Eg：Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now. She is quite beautiful in that red coat.
11. close to=next to 靠近，挨著 Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.
12. move to 移到 Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.
13. It be +adj. to do sth one of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) ……之一(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))
14. local 當(dāng)?shù)氐?/span> close down 關(guān)閉
Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution. This shop closed down last year.
15. It takes sb st to do sth sb spend(s) st\sm on sth (in) doing sth sth cost(s) sb sm sb pay sth for sm
16. public services 公共服務(wù) a public telephone 公用電話 in public 在公共場(chǎng)合 the public 公眾
17. in fact 事實(shí)上 all over the world 全世界
18. face danger 面對(duì)危險(xiǎn) face to face 面對(duì)面地 make a face 做鬼臉 as a result 結(jié)果是；因此
19. die from 由于……而死(死于外因，如事故等)die of 因……而死(死于內(nèi)因，如疾病等)
Eg：He died from an accident. A lot of people died of cancers
20. leave 離開(某地)
① leave for+目的地 前往(目的地) 啟程去某地 I’ll leave for Shanghai next week.
② leave 還有“忘了帶，留下”之意 I left my book at home .
21. 辨析： job 與 work : job （cn） 指具體的職業(yè)或零工 work（un）指人們?nèi)粘Ｉ詈凸ぷ髦袕氖碌捏w力或腦力勞動(dòng)
【Grammer】:
冠詞： 是限定的一種詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，常用于修飾名詞。冠詞有三種形式：不定冠詞（a/an）, 定冠詞（the）和零冠詞（/）。
● 1.不定冠詞的用法
不定冠詞用來修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，指人或物種的某一個(gè)或某一類，但不具體說明是何人何物。
不定冠詞的常見用法有：
①表示“一個(gè)”的概念。 Population is a big problem for cities .
②表示“每一“的概念，相當(dāng)于every 。 I watch TV once a week .
③首次提到的某人或某物，不定冠詞起介紹作用。 A student wants to ask you some questions
④某些固定短語中，要用不定冠詞。 have a good time have a look have a rest
●2.定冠詞的用法
①指前文中提到過的人或物。 I have a dog . The dog is black . ②特指某人或某物。 The girl with long hair is my younger sister .
③指說話雙方都知道的人或物 I had to write the same report last term . ④用于專有名詞前。 the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean
⑤用于世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。 the sun the moon ⑥用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫婦二人”。 the Smiths
⑦用于形容詞最高級(jí)前。 the biggest city ⑧用于序數(shù)詞前。the first boy
⑨用于西洋樂器名詞前。 play the piano ⑩某些形容詞前加定冠詞 the ，表示一類人或物 。the young the old
⑾用于某些固定短語中 : in the morning the day after tomorrow
●3.零冠詞的用法
①在球類活動(dòng)，學(xué)科名詞前以及節(jié)日，月份，星期前不用冠詞。 Tom can play volleyball .
②名詞前已有指示代詞，物主代詞，不定代詞或數(shù)詞等作定語時(shí)名詞前不用冠詞There are many books in her schoolbag.
③在某些固定短語或習(xí)慣用語中不用冠詞 by bus have breakfast at home at night
『注意』:在某些短語中，名詞前用冠詞和不用冠詞的意義有所不同。
in hospital in the hospital at table at the table in class in the class
數(shù)字 : 分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。本模塊中，我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)字的讀法。在英語中，每三位數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，按照百，十，個(gè)位向下讀。而進(jìn)位的讀法則為thousand, million , billion向上遞增。
數(shù)次的常見用法：
①分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:在英語中，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子是1時(shí)，分母用原形；當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1/3 ： one thirds 2/3 : two thirds
②百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá): 百分?jǐn)?shù)用percent 表示，符號(hào)為% 如： 5% 讀作 five present .
編輯整理：王補(bǔ)平
文章來源：王補(bǔ)平公眾號(hào)（weixinwbp2014）
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