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一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查
1.考查其基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞

always, every time,now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。但近幾年，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行干擾。
 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and  we met no storm.（2005年遼寧卷）  A. was called     B. is called      C. had been called        D. has been called

解析：雖然航海發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但是海洋的名稱不會(huì)因此而變化，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
2.考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before

等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在以if,unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

— What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? — We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. （2005年全國(guó)卷）    A. rain     B. rains      C. will rain         D. is raining

解析：if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)
二、對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考查

一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過(guò)去時(shí)也經(jīng)常用在沒(méi)有說(shuō)明過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。

More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）
A. sent       B. were sent    C. had sent     D. had been sent解析：last year表示過(guò)去，再者主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式

三、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查

由上下文語(yǔ)境表示時(shí)間?！?What’s the terrible noise？— The neighbours ____ for a party. （2004年北京卷）
A. have prepared     B. are preparing       C. prepare     D. will prepare

解析：上下文語(yǔ)境告訴我們是講現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事。

四、對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查
1.把過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中考查。如果主句謂語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表達(dá)談話背景；動(dòng)作時(shí)間短的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表達(dá)新的信息。

—You were out when I dropped in at your house.—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）
A. was waiting      B. had waited       C. am waiting     D. have waited

解析：該題是根據(jù)交際情景考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。該題是強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間（你來(lái)我家時(shí)）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（在機(jī)場(chǎng)等人），用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：“我順路去你家時(shí)，你不在家?！薄鞍?，（那個(gè)時(shí)候）我在機(jī)場(chǎng)等從英國(guó)來(lái)的朋友?！?/p>

2.把過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在某特定的語(yǔ)境中考查。

—Has Sam finished his homework today?  —I have no idea. He  ____ it this morning. （2004年全國(guó)卷）
A. did      B. has done    C. was doing        D. had done

 解析：該題根據(jù)交際情景考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。第一句問(wèn)今天做完作業(yè)沒(méi)有，問(wèn)結(jié)果；他今天早晨（過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)）還在做（正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“薩姆今天做完作業(yè)了嗎？”“我不知道。他今天早晨還在做呢?！?/p>

3.考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較。
Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.（98）
A.has written B. wrote    C. had written    D. was writing

解析：根據(jù)I don’t know whether she has finished it可判斷去年她不可能寫完這本書，因而去年應(yīng)該一直在寫。該題測(cè)試過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)句式中的特殊用法。題中過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last year導(dǎo)致了考生的定勢(shì)思維，不少考生因此而誤選了選項(xiàng)B（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）。分析上下文語(yǔ)境可知，選項(xiàng)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作并非在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成，而是指在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行，故應(yīng)選過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。注意：在這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)中，只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才可與過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不僅表示動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

①He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he canborrow money from the bank.（2005年湖北卷）A. were deciding    B. have decided    C. decided      D. will decide

解析：have decided現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示父母已經(jīng)決定了。

②Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of  England last night. （2005年重慶卷）    A. has been caused  B. had been caused   C. will be caused   D. will have been caused

解析：“storm”后的定語(yǔ)從句有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“l(fā)ast night”，故主語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)確定為完成時(shí)，但D項(xiàng)為將來(lái)完成時(shí)，顯然與語(yǔ)境不符。B項(xiàng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，但本句強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚發(fā)生的風(fēng)暴對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今并可能繼續(xù)下去，常與for或since 等短語(yǔ)連用。

—The window is dirty.   — I know. It ________ for weeks. （2004年全國(guó)卷）
A. hasn’t cleaned    B. didn’t clean   C. wasn’t cleaned    D. hasn’t been cleaned

解析：該題是根據(jù)交際情景中考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。關(guān)鍵詞for weeks，考慮現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到目前為止的結(jié)果，好幾周不擦了；窗戶與擦的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意；“窗戶很臟了?！薄拔抑馈：脦字軟](méi)有擦了?！?br>注：由終止性動(dòng)詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等構(gòu)成的完成時(shí)不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。但這些終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以與for或since短語(yǔ)連用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.

3.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去式的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、

方式等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，且句中一般有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。

—Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.（98NMET）— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put        B. have you put; put   C. had you put; was putting     D. were you putting; put

解析：第一個(gè)空“放”這個(gè)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，“我找不到”第二個(gè)空“放”指過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作

六、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have / has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還可能繼續(xù)下去。它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下：

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是完成的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作剛停止或仍在繼續(xù)。
 I have written an article.（已完成）     I have been writing an article. （還在寫）

2.有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差別不大。

I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.另外注意的是：

表短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.（2004年北京卷）

A. had considered   B. has been considering   C. considered D. is going to consider

解析：該題是在交際情境中考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作（考慮返校學(xué)習(xí)）持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還沒(méi)有決定）今后還有可能進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句意：既然露西失業(yè)了，她一直在考慮返校讀書，但她還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)。

七、對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查

過(guò)去完成時(shí)，經(jīng)常以“過(guò)去”為背景，要想表達(dá)比這一背景更早的動(dòng)作，常用此時(shí)態(tài)。
— George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）A. was not invited     B. have not been invited  C. hadn’t been invited   D. didn’t invite

解析：沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)生在George and Lucy舉行婚禮之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。

常見考點(diǎn)有：
①把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中考查。
When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）
A. started; had already hidden    B. had started; had already hidden  C. had started; was hiding   D. was starting; hid

解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。主句的動(dòng)作在前，從句的動(dòng)作在后，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 started to walk back表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，因此主句的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

②把過(guò)去完成時(shí)放在by + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或by the time + 從句的句子里考查。
    By the end of last year,  another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. （2003年上海春）
    A. would be completed    B. was being completed  C. has been completed    D. had been completed

解析：by the end of last year常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用，表示到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。