（2）當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語＋動(dòng)詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語＋to do句式。如：
4. 定語
My wish to visit France has come true at last. 我參觀法國的愿望最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
1. 不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 如：
2. 如果不定式修飾time, place, way ， 可以省略介詞。如：
5. 狀語
1. –My mother is ill.
--I am very sorry ________ (hear) that.
2. He is enough old________ (finish) this work.
Parents will not allow us to play on the street.父母不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?/div>
We invited him to join us.我們邀請(qǐng)他加入我們。
歸納總結(jié)：
不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動(dòng)詞歸納如下：
ask（問），tell（告訴），invite（邀請(qǐng)），want（要），like（喜歡），allow（允許），wish（希望），hate（不喜歡），help（幫助），leave（留給），expect（期望），prefer（寧愿），encourage（鼓勵(lì)），advise（建議），persuade（勸說），permit（允許），remind（提醒），request（要求）， order（命令），warn（警告）
7. 疑問詞who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式構(gòu)成特殊的不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。如：
（1）When to leave for London has not been decided yet.（不定式在句子中作主語）
什么時(shí)候去倫敦還沒有決定。
（2）Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中作賓語）
史密斯先生不知道是離開還是呆在那兒。
（3）The question was where to find a good job. （不定式在句子中作表語）
問題是在哪兒找一份好工作。
經(jīng)典考例：
選擇最佳答案。
1. –Could you tell me________ to have the picnic?
--Near the Beidai River.
A. how B. when C. what D. where
解析 由答句的地點(diǎn)可知是問在哪兒野炊。
正確答案：D
2. I want to know ________ to go there.
A. how B. when C. what D. where
解析 由go there和句意可知是怎么去那兒。
正確答案：A
8. 省略to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
（1） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make。如：
He often makes me go for a walk with him.他常常讓我和他一起去散步。
（2） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。如：
We often hear her play the guitar in the next door.我們常常聽見她在隔壁房間里彈吉他。
友情提示
make, see, hear, watch, notice等詞在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to 不能省掉。如：
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.老板讓他們整晚工作。
（3） would rather，had better，why not…，rather than。如：
Jim preferred to swim rather than run.吉姆寧愿游泳也不愿跑步。
（4） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb. (to) do sth。如：
On weekends, I often help my mother (to) do housework.周末，我常常幫好好干家務(wù)活。
（5） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去。如：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.他想搬到法國和那個(gè)女孩兒結(jié)婚。
經(jīng)典考例：
選擇最佳答案。
1.－ I usually go there by train.
?。?Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
解答 why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式。
正確答案：D
2. Paul doesn't have to be made________. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
解答make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。
正確答案：A
三、 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)
不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。
（1）語態(tài)
雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語，但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出，此時(shí)用主動(dòng)式；如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式?，F(xiàn)以write為例，具體形式如下表：
主動(dòng)式 被動(dòng)式
一般式 (not) to write (not) to be written
進(jìn)行式 (not) to be writing
完成式 (not) to have written (not) to have been written
（2）時(shí)態(tài)
1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。
He wants to know this thing.他想知道此事。
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。
2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.很對(duì)不起，給你帶來如此多的麻煩。
He seems to have caught a cold.他好像感冒了。
3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He seems to be reading English.他好像正在讀英語。
She pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.她假裝認(rèn)真聽講。
知識(shí)拓展
部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，現(xiàn)歸納如下：
1. forget to do 忘記要去做某事?！? (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
2. stop to do 停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
3. remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
4. regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾?！ ?(未做)
regret doing 對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔?！?已做)
5. try to do 努力，企圖盡力去做某事。
try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。
5. go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。
6. be afraid to do 不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為“怕”；
be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的，意為“生怕，恐怕”。
7. mean to do 打算、想做某事
mean doing 意味著做某事
◆ 語法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
單項(xiàng)選擇
( ) 1. It’s wrong ________ you not ________ her a letter.
A. of; to write B. for; writing C. of; writing D. for; write
( ) 2. --I’m sorry, I left my exercise book at home.
--Don’t forget ________ it to school tomorrow, please.
A. taking B. bringing C. to bring D. to take
( ) 3. The chair looks very old， but in fact it is very comfortable to ________.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
( ) 4. I’m afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
( ) 5. -- Is ________ necessary to return the book tomorrow？
A. this B. that C. it D. which
( ) 6. --Do you think our football team will win the match?
--Yes, we have better players. So I ________ them to win.
A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect
( ) 7. Mother told me ________the water before I drank it.
A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil
( ) 8. Cars cause most of Beijing’s air pollution. So the “No Car Day” campaign（活動(dòng)）asks Beijing drivers ________ their cars at home one day each month.
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. to be left
( ) 9. --Do you like sports?
--Sure. I’m looking forward to watching the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing on TV.
A. to hold B. being held C. held D. to be held
( ) 10. Don’t make me ________this or that. I’m very busy.
A. to do B. do C. doing D. done
( ) 11. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer ________ TV or listen to music rather than ________ newspapers.
A. watching; read B. watching; to read
C. to watch; read D. to watch ; reading
( ) 12. Jane likes singing. We often hear her________ after class.
A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. sings
( ) 13. --Shopping with me?
--Sorry, I have a lot of clothes ________.
A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. to be washed
( ) 14. On her way home a thief was seen________ in a shop. She stopped ________ 110 at once.
A. steal; call B. to steal; to call C. steal; to call D. stealing; calling
( ) 15. It’s a good habit ________breakfast every day.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
( ) 16. The first thing I want to do is ________.
A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him
( ) 17. She pretended ________me when I passed by .
A . not to see B . not seeing C . to not see D. having not seen
( ) 18. We are often told________ at people in trouble.
A. not to smile B. to smile C. not to laugh D. to laugh
( ) 19. He found it hard________ his class.
A. to catch up B. catch up C. catch up with D. to catch up with
( ) 20. --Could you show us________ a bike?
--Yes, of course.
A. how to mend B. what to buy C. where we go D. how many to buy
◆答案與解析
1. A 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，符合句型It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do。
2. C 由句意可知是別忘記了把它帶來，此事還未做用 forget to do sth“忘記去做某事”；forget doing sth . “忘記做過某事”。
3. B sit為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后的on不能少。
4. A 固定詞組allow sb. to do sth.“允許某人做本事”。
5. C it在此句中作形式主語。
6. D 由句意“我們有更好的隊(duì)員，因此我期望他們獲勝?！笨芍鸢?，而hope后只能跟直接賓語 to do sth.
7. D 固定詞組tell sb to do sth.“告訴某人做某事”。
8. C 固定詞組ask sb to do sth.“叫某人做某事”。
9. D 主語是the 29th Olympic Games所以要用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
10. B 使役動(dòng)詞make sb do 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中為be made to do 。
11. C 固定搭配prefer to do sth rather than do“寧愿……而不……”。
12. A 固定詞組hear sb do sth“聽見某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)性。
13. A 固定詞組have sth to do“有事要做”。
14. B 由was seen可知是被動(dòng)，被動(dòng)形式be seen to do sth; stop to do sth是停下來去做某事。
15. C 句型it +be+形容詞+to do。
16. B 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語。
17. A 固定搭配pretend (not) to do sth “假裝（不）做某事”。
18. C 固定搭配tell sb (not) to do sth“告訴某人（不）要做某事”。
19. D 符合 “主語＋動(dòng)詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語＋to do”句式。
20. A 由句意“你能演示如何修理自行車嗎？”可知。
