26個英文字母及發(fā)音音標(biāo)如下:
Aa [e?]
Bb [bi:]
Cc [si:]
Dd [di:]
Ee [i:]
Ff [ef]
Gg [d i:]
Hh [e?t∫]
I i [ɑ?]
J j [d e?]
K k [ke?]
L l [el]
Mm [em]
N n [en]
O o [?u]
P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:]
R r [ɑ:]
S s [es]
T t [ti:]
U u [ju:]
V v [vi:]
W w [′dΛblju:]
X x [eks]
Y y [wai]
Z z [zi:]/[zed]
以上我們可以看出,英語字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei] 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音標(biāo): [e?] [e?t∫] [d e?] [ke?]
2) 含元音音素[i:] 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音標(biāo): [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [di:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音標(biāo):[ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww
音標(biāo): [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:]
5) 含元音音素[ɑ?] 字母: Ii 音標(biāo): [ɑ?] Yy 音標(biāo): [wɑ?]
一,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
a 在開音節(jié)中讀[e?] 如：name plane Jane baby cake
在閉音節(jié)中 [æ] 如：bag dad hat map black back
e 在開音節(jié)中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在閉音節(jié)中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在開音節(jié)中 [ɑ?] bike drive time nice kite
在閉音節(jié)中 [?] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在開音節(jié)中 [?u] those close go home no
在閉音節(jié)中 [D] clock not box shop sock
u 在開音節(jié)中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在閉音節(jié)中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch
在開音節(jié)中,元音字母u在輔音字母j, l ,r ,s后面時讀[u:]音,
例如:June blue ruler super
二,元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
a [?]
[ ?] orange comrade village cabbage
e [?] hundred student open weekend
[?] chicken pocket begin children
i [?]/[?] holiday beautiful family animal
[a?] exercise satellite
o [?] second tonight somebody welcome
[?u] also zero photo
u [?] autumn diffcult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
動詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置,a讀[e?]音,例如:operate
u處在開音節(jié)位置,又在輔音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面時,讀[u(:)]音,
例如:July influence February issue
三,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音
1、a在[w]音后面 [?] want what watch wash quality
a在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前時讀 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
2、i在-nd、 -ld和gh前 讀[ɑ?] 如: find child light high
3、o在-st、 -ld前讀[?u] 如: most postcard old cold
4、o在m、 n 、v 、th前 讀[Λ] come monkey love mother
四,-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 ?з?
1、ar 一般讀[ɑ:] car farm dark sharp
在[w]后讀[?:] warm quarter towards
2、or [?:] 如： forty morning short
or在[w]音后面 讀 [з:] word worker worse
3、er、 ir、 ur讀 [з:] 如： certainly bird Thursday
輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成 -r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的 拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音.例如:carry sorry hurry
-r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀[?]音,例如:dollarteacher martyrforget Saturday
五,-re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
are [e?] care dare hare
ere [??] here mere
ire [ɑ??] fire hire wire
ore [?:] more score before shore bore
ure [ju:?] purecure
are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中,ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]音,例如:picture pleasure
重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應(yīng)按-re拼讀,字母r讀[r].如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長音短化現(xiàn)象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
ai/ay讀音[e?] 例 詞 afraid rain wait day play
air[e?] air hair chair pair repair
al在f,m前讀 [?:l] small ball talk wall all
[?:l] always also salt almost bald
[ɑ:] half calm palm
au/aw[?:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[e?] break great
ear [??] hear dear near clearyear
[e?] bear pear wear
[з:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [??]] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [e?] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j、l、r、s后讀 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew
ie/ei 在[s]音之后 念[i:] piece field receive
oa [?u] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [??] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow [ɑu] flower house count down
[?u] know row throw though
[Λ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [?:] course your four
[ɑu?] our hour ours
[з:] journey
ui 在j、l 、r、 s后
[ju: ?] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit
七,非重讀音節(jié)中元音字組和字群的讀音
ai/ay 、ei/ey [?] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]音或 [?].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [∫n] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure [З?] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫?] picture culture
八,元字組在復(fù)合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音
復(fù)合詞第二部分不標(biāo)注重音符號,其中元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音讀如:everyday [e?] handbag [æ] blackboard [?:]
有些詞隨著語言的發(fā)展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞.其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音. 例如:
sun太陽 + day[e?]日子 > Sunday[?] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[e?]日子 > holiday[?] 假日
break中斷 + fast[ɑ:]齋戒 > breakfast[?]早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜
九,輔字組的讀音
b [b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c [k] cake picture coat music
在 e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema
ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [d ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
-ds [dz] stands floods goods
f [f] five four breakfast
g [g] bag gardon go
在e i/y前 [d ] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重讀音節(jié)中 [g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [d ] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column
n [n] not shine ten note
在[k]/ [g]音前 [?] uncle thank hungry
-ng [?] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在詞首或清輔音前 [s] sit sleep desk
元音字母間或濁輔音前 [z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet school
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情況下 [t] ten letter meet
在弱讀字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation
tch [t∫] watch kitchen
th在通常情況下[θ] thin thirty method
在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中 [ð]the these with than
在詞尾-the -ther中 [ð] clothe father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
ts [ts] sports parts
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x 在重讀元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] examle exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
重讀音節(jié) 單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié).用音標(biāo)標(biāo)記雙音節(jié),多音節(jié)詞的讀音時,應(yīng)使用重讀符號.單音節(jié)詞多數(shù)是重讀音節(jié),標(biāo)記讀音時不需要使用重讀符號.
開音節(jié) ①絕對開音節(jié):單個元音字母后面沒有輔字組的重讀音節(jié).例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相對開音節(jié):單個元音字母后面加單個輔音字母,再加一個不發(fā)音字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié).例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.
閉音節(jié) 單個元音字母后面有輔字組(r w y 除外)且以輔字組結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié).例如: bag egg fish not cup
多音節(jié)詞重讀規(guī)則 多音節(jié)詞通常在倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)重讀.例如: el-e-phantcon-grat-u- la-tion
詞尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的詞,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一個音節(jié)上重讀.例如: scien `tific im`pression `nation
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